medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2026-056medsovet-10037Research ArticleПРЕ- И ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗАPRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSEКомплексный подход к ведению пациенток с климактерическим синдромом: терапия и профилактика с учетом новых патогенетических механизмовComprehensive approach to managing climacteric syndrome considering new pathogenetic mechanisms: Therapy and preventionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-7566ИвановИ. А.IvanovI. A.

Иванов Илья Андреевич, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения гинекологической эндокринологии

117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4

Ilya A. Ivanov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Scientific Researcher

4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997, Russia; 

doctor.i.ivanov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-6520ТабееваГ. И.TabeevaG. I.

Табеева Гюзяль Искандеровна, к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения гинекологической эндокринологии

117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4

Gyuzyal I. Tabeeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher

4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997, Russia

doctor.gtab@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-3902СметникА. А.SmetnikA. A.

Сметник Антонина Александровна, к.м.н., заведующая отделением гинекологической эндокринологии, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии Института последипломного образования; президент Российского общества специалистов по гинекологической эндокринологии и менопаузе

117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4

Аntonina А. Smetnik, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Associate Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Postgraduate Education; President of the  Russian Society of Specialists in Gynecological  Endocrinology and Menopause

4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997, Russia

a_smetnik@oparina4.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. КулаковаРоссияKulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and PerinatologyRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. КулаковаРоссияKulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and PerinatologyRussian Federation20261105202604153161Copyright © Иванов И.А., Табеева Г.И., Сметник А.А., 20262026Иванов И.А., Табеева Г.И., Сметник А.А.Ivanov I.A., Tabeeva G.I., Smetnik A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10037

Климактерический синдром (КС) представляет собой комплексное состояние, выходящее за рамки лишь вазомоторных симптомов (ВМС) и включающее психоэмоциональные расстройства, нарушения сна, метаболические нарушения, повышенные риски соматической патологии. Эти изменения затрагивают до 97,5% женщин в пери- и постменопаузе, ухудшают качество жизни и повышают риски сердечно-сосудистых, нейродегенеративных и онкологических заболеваний. В обзоре представлен анализ наиболее актуальных данных международных электронных библиографических и научных баз PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, а также ресурсы Кохрейновской библиотеки и научные публикации в рецензируемых медицинских журналах. Акцентируется внимание на ряде недостаточно освещенных патофизиологических аспектов постменопаузальных нарушений, включая механизмы сужения термонейтральной зоны гипоталамуса, дисфункции серотонинергической и норадренергической нейротрансмиттерных систем, роли оксидативного стресса и снижения активности антиоксидантных ферментов, повреждения ДНК и канцерогенеза, развития дислипидемии, инсулинорезистентности и эндотелиальной дисфункции. В рамках обзора подробно аргументируется необходимость внедрения комплексного терапевтического подхода КС, который направлен не на изолированное купирование симптомов, а на одновременную коррекцию ключевых взаимосвязанных патогенетических звеньев. В работе представлен детальный анализ современных фундаментальных и клинических данных, демонстрирующих эффективность различных активных молекул, включая β-аланин, изофлавоны, 5-гидрокситриптофан, витамины С, Е и группы B. Рассмотрено их воздействие на стабилизацию центра терморегуляции в гипоталамусе, селективную модуляцию эстрогеновых рецепторов, улучшение липидного спектра и чувствительности к инсулину, а также на восстановление концентрации серотонина, гомоцистеина и супрессию оксидативного стресса. Многокомпонентная стратегия ведения пациенток обеспечивает не только эффективный симптоматический контроль вазомоторных и психоэмоциональных проявлений КС, но и долгосрочную профилактику сердечно-сосудистых, метаболических и нейродегенеративных осложнений, реализуя принципы активного долголетия женщин.

Climacteric Syndrome (CS) is a complex condition that extends beyond vasomotor symptoms (VMS) to include psychoemotional disorders, sleep disturbances, metabolic dysfunctions, and increased risks of somatic pathology. These changes affect up to 97.5% of women during peri- and postmenopause, impairing quality of life and elevating the risks of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and oncological diseases. This review provides analysis of current data from international electronic bibliographic and scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU), as well as Cochrane Library and peer-reviewed medical journals. It focuses on several insufficiently elucidated pathophysiological aspects of postmenopausal disturbances, including the mechanisms of narrowing the hypothalamic thermoneutral zone, dysfunction of the serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems, the role of oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, DNA damage and carcinogenesis, and the development of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction. The review provides a detailed argument for the necessity of implementing a comprehensive therapeutic approach to CS, aimed not at isolated symptom relief but at the simultaneous correction of key interconnected pathogenetic links. It presents a detailed analysis of modern fundamental and clinical data demonstrating the efficacy of various active molecules, including β-alanine, isoflavones, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and vitamins C, E, and B. Their effects are examined in terms of stabilizing the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus, selective modulation of estrogen receptors, improving lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, as well as restoring serotonin levels, homocysteine balance, and suppressing oxidative stress. This multicomponent patient management strategy ensures not only effective symptomatic control of vasomotor and psychoemotional manifestations of CS but also long-term prevention of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative complications, aligning with the principles of women’s active longevity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.