medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2026-047medsovet-10048Research ArticleСАХАРНЫЙ ДИАБЕТDIABETES MELLITUSДисбиоз ротовой полости и метаболомные нарушения при сахарном диабете 2-го типаOral cavity dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabeteshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-6315ИсаеваР. А.IsaevaR. A.

Исаева Регина Алексеевна, врач-ординатор кафедры эндокринологии, Казанский государственный медицинский университет; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49; 420015, Казань, ул. Большая Красная, д. 67

Regina A. Isaeva, Resident Physician at the Department of Endocrinology; Junior Researcher at the Microbiology Laboratory

49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012; 67, Bolshaya Krasnaya St., Kazan, 420015

isaevar@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-8002ВалееваФ. В.ValeevaF. V.

Валеева Фарида Вадутовна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой эндокринологии

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Farida V. Valeeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology

49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012

val_farida@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-8734ИсаеваГ. Ш.IsaevaG. Sh.

Исаева Гузель Шавхатовна, д.м.н., заведующий кафедрой микробиологии имени академика В.М. Аристовского; заместитель директора по инновационному развитию

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49; 420015, Казань, ул. Большая Красная, д. 67

Guzel Sh. Isaeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Microbiology named after Academician V.M. Aristovsky; Deputy Director for Innovation Development

49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012; 67, Bolshaya Krasnaya St., Kazan, 420015

guisaeva@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-4361ЗатеваловА. М.ZatevalovA. M.

Затевалов Александр Михайлович, д.б.н., заместитель директора

125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10

Alexander M. Zatevalov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Deputy Director

10, Admiral Makarov St., Moscow, 125212

zatevalov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-0367ЦаревВ. Н.TsarevV. N.

Царев Виктор Николаевич, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой микробиологии, вирусологии, иммунологии

127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

Viktor N. Tsarev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology

4, Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow, 127006

nikola777@rambler.ruКазанский государственный медицинский университет; Казанский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологииРоссияKazan State Medical University; Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and MicrobiologyRussian FederationКазанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKazan State Medical UniversityRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский институт имени Г. Н. ГабричевскогоРоссияMoscow Scientific Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. GabrichevskyRussian FederationРоссийский университет медициныРоссияRussian University of MedicineRussian Federation202625062026074049Copyright © Исаева Р.А., Валеева Ф.В., Исаева Г.Ш., Затевалов А.М., Царев В.Н., 20262026Исаева Р.А., Валеева Ф.В., Исаева Г.Ш., Затевалов А.М., Царев В.Н.Isaeva R.A., Valeeva F.V., Isaeva G.S., Zatevalov A.M., Tsarev V.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10048Введение

Введение. Сахарный диабет 2-го типа (СД2) – это хроническое эндокринное заболевание, характеризующееся метаболическими нарушениями, этиология и патогенез которого до сих пор окончательно не изучены. Недавние научные работы демонстрируют прочную связь между микробиомом полости рта и СД2. Оральный микробиом (ОМ), с его обширным видовым составом и метаболическим профилем, играет роль в возникновении и прогрессировании не только локальных заболеваний рта, но и системных метаболических патологий, включая сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, ожирение, СД2 и сопутствующие состояния.

Цель

Цель. Проанализировать вклад ОМ, ее метаболитов и генетических факторов хозяина в формирование СД2.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Выполнен систематический обзор статей и оригинальных исследований из баз PubMed, MEDLINE и eLIBRARY за период 2005–2024 гг. В критерии включения вошли полнотекстовые рецензируемые публикации на русском и английском языках, содержащие данные о микробном составе ротовой полости при СД2, метаболоме микробов и геномных вариациях хозяина. Исключались тезисы конференций и материалы, не связанные с темой ОМ при СД2. Поиск проводился по комбинациям ключевых слов: сахарный диабет 2-го типа, оральная микробиота, метагеномные/метаболомные сдвиги, прогностические биомаркеры. Первичный поиск выявил 460 источников. После исключения дубликатов, применения фильтров и оценки релевантности осталось 68 источников для глубокого анализа (5 – для введения, 63 – для обсуждения).

Заключение

Заключение. Обзорные данные создают основу для инновационных диагностических и терапевтических стратегий в первичной и вторичной профилактике осложнений СД2. Метаболомно-метагеномные подходы устанавливают корреляции ОМ с дебютом СД2, позволяют прогнозировать риски и разрабатывать инструменты ранней интервенции, что критично для профилактики осложнений.

Introduction

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic disturbances, the etiology and pathogenesis of which have not been fully identified. Recent scientific studies demonstrate a strong association between the oral microbiome (OM) and T2DM. The OM with its extensive species diversity and metabolic profile, contributes to the onset and progression of not only local oral diseases but also systemic metabolic pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, T2DM, and related conditions.

Aim

Aim. To analyze the contribution of OM, its metabolites, and host genetic factors to the development of T2DM.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A systematic review of articles and original studies from PubMed, MEDLINE, and eLIBRARY databases for the period 2005–2024 was conducted. Inclusion criteria encompassed full-text peer-reviewed publications in Russian and English containing data on the microbial composition of the oral cavity in T2DM, microbial metabolome, and host genomic variations. Excluded were conference abstracts and materials unrelated to OM in T2DM. The search utilized combinations of keywords: “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “oral microbiota”, “metagenomic/metabolomic shifts”, “prognostic biomarkers”. The initial search yielded 460 sources. After removing duplicates, applying filters, and assessing relevance, 68 sources remained for in-depth analysis (5 for the introduction, 63 for the discussion).

Conclusion

Conclusion. The reviewed data provide a foundation for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in primary and secondary prevention of T2DM complications. Metabolomic and metagenomic approaches establish correlations between OM and T2DM onset, enable risk prediction, and facilitate the development of early intervention tools, which is critical for complication prevention.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.