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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2026-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-10083</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЯ, ОТОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PULMONOLOGY, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт применения ингаляционного сурфактанта в лечении обострения тяжелой бронхиальной астмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experience with inhaled surfactant in the treatment of severe bronchial asthma exacerbation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-926X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнитдинова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaynitdinova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнитдинова Вилия Вилевна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viliya V. Gaynitdinova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaynitdinova_v_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мержоева</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merzhoeva</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мержоева Замира Магомедовна, к.м.н., заведующая пульмонологическим отделением Университетской клинической больницы №4, доцент кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zamira M. Merzhoeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital No. 4, Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zamira.merzoeva@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3922-0186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ван</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ван Хуэйсинь, студент Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Huixin Wang, Student, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wang2982334674@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7986-8010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айнетдинова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aynetdinova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айнетдинова Елизавета Сергеевна, аспирант кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Aynetdinova, Postgraduate Student, Department of Pulmonology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e-li1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0348-1772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырева</surname><given-names>Т. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyreva</surname><given-names>T. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богатырева Тамара Умаровна, аспирант кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara U. Bogatyreva, Postgraduate Student, Department of Pulmonology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogatireva001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайнитдинова В.В., Мержоева З.М., Ван Х., Айнетдинова Е.С., Богатырева Т.У., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайнитдинова В.В., Мержоева З.М., Ван Х., Айнетдинова Е.С., Богатырева Т.У.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gaynitdinova V.V., Merzhoeva Z.M., Wang H., Aynetdinova E.S., Bogatyreva T.U.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10083">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10083</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Бронхиальная обструкция при астме, возникающая вследствие сокращения гладкой мускулатуры, отека слизистой оболочки и гиперсекреции бронхиальной слизи, может быть частично обусловлена и нарушением функции легочного сурфактанта.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить эффективность ингаляционной терапии сурфактантом у пациентов с обострением тяжелой бронхиальной астмы (ТБА) и определить факторы, ассоциированные с ответом на лечение.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 42 госпитализированных пациента ≥ 18 лет с обострением тяжелой бронхиальной астмы IV–V, которые в зависимости от получаемого лечения были разделены на основную и контрольную группы. Основная группа дополнительно к стандартному лечению обострения БА получала ингаляционный сурфактант по 75 мг через небулайзер два раза в сутки 5 дней. Наблюдение за пациентами осуществлялось в 2 этапа: в стационаре в течение 7 дней после рандомизации и через 6 мес. после окончания курса лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исходно группы были сопоставимы по большинству параметров, однако в основной группе контроль симптомов астмы по шкале ACQ-5 был ниже (2,9 против 2,1; p = 0,001). На фоне терапии ингаляционным сурфактантом наблюдалось значимое снижение баллов шкалы ACQ-5 уже через 3 дня с дальнейшим уменьшением до 1,5 балла через 7 дней и сохранением этого уровня через 6 мес. (в контрольной группе через 6 мес. – 2,4 балла; p &lt; 0,001). Потребность в препаратах скорой помощи в основной группе снизилась с 3,6 до 0,6 раза в сутки к 7-му дню (в контроле – с 3,0 до 2,1 раза соответственно; p &lt; 0,001). Показатели спирометрии (ОФВ1, МОС25-75%) в основной группе значимо улучшились через 7 дней и ОФВ1 – через 6 мес., в то время как в контрольной группе отмечалось снижение ОФВ1 через 6 мес. Также через 6 мес. после терапии ингаляционным сурфактантом взаимодействие «группа × время» было статистически значимым для ACQ-5, потребности в препаратах скорой помощи и большинства параметров ФВД (p &lt; 0,05). Уровни лейкоцитов и эозинофилов значимых межгрупповых различий не показали. Факторами, ассоциированными с эффективностью сурфактанта, оказались исходные значения МОС25% (ОШ = 0,963; p = 0,048), МОС50% (ОШ = 0,948; p = 0,040) и уровень лейкоцитов крови (ОШ = 0,446; p = 0,021). Количество обострений через 6 мес. статистически значимо было меньше в основной группе после терапии ингаляционным сурфактантом, медиана составила 0,0 (0,0–1,0), в то время как в контрольной группе – 1,0 (1,0–1,0), р = 0,003.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Ингаляционная терапия сурфактантом при обострении ТБА приводит к статистически значимому улучшению контроля ТБА, снижению потребности в препаратах скорой помощи, положительной динамике функциональных показателей легких и уменьшению частоты обострений в течение 6 мес. после лечения. Наиболее высокий шанс эффективности терапии отмечается у пациентов с более низкими исходными значениями МОС25%, МОС50% и уровня лейкоцитов крови.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Bronchial obstruction in asthma, resulting from the contraction of smooth muscle, swelling of the mucous membrane, and hypersecretion of bronchial mucus, may also be partially attributed to impaired lung surfactant function.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of inhaled surfactant therapy in patients with severe bronchial asthma (SBA) exacerbation and to identify factors associated with treatment response.Materials and methods. The study included 42 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 18 years with severe bronchial asthma exacerbation (IV–V), who were divided into study and control groups depending on the treatment received. In addition to standard management of asthma exacerbation, the study group received inhaled surfactant at a dose of 75 mg via nebulizer twice daily for 5 days. Patients were followed up at two stages: during hospitalization for 7 days after randomization, and 6 months after completion of the treatment course.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. At baseline, the groups were comparable in most parameters, except that asthma control assessed by the ACQ-5 questionnaire was lower in the main group (2.9 vs. 2.1; p = 0.001). During inhaled surfactant therapy, a significant reduction in ACQ-5 score was observed as early as 3 days, with a further decrease to 1.5 points by day 7, and this level was maintained at 6 months (in the control group at 6 months – 2.4 points; p &lt; 0.001). The need for rescue medication in the main group decreased from 3.6 to 0.6 times per day by day 7 (in the control group – from 3.0 to 2.1 times per day, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Spirometry parameters (FEV1, MEF25–75%) significantly improved in the surfactant group at day 7, and FEV1 remained improved at 6 months, whereas in the control group FEV1 decreased at 6 months. Also 6 months after inhaled surfactant therapy the “group × time” interaction was statistically significant for ACQ-5, rescue medication use, and most lung function parameters (p &lt; 0.05), indicating the superiority of surfactant therapy. Blood leukocyte and eosinophil levels showed no significant intergroup differences. Factors associated with the effectiveness of surfactant therapy were baseline MEF25% (OR = 0.963; p = 0.048), baseline MEF50% (OR = 0.948; p = 0.040), and baseline blood leukocyte count (OR = 0.446; p = 0.021). The number of exacerbations over 6 months was significantly lower in the surfactant group, with a median of 0.0 (0.0–1.0), compared with 1.0 (1.0–1.0) in the control group (p = 0.003).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Inhaled surfactant therapy in patients with severe bronchial asthma exacerbation leads to a statistically significant improvement in asthma control, reduction in rescue medication use, positive changes in lung function parameters, and a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations within 6 months after treatment. The highest chance of treatment effectiveness is observed in patients with lower baseline MEF25%, MEF50% and lower blood leukocyte count.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>обострение</kwd><kwd>ингаляционный сурфактант</kwd><kwd>эффективность терапии</kwd><kwd>частота обострений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>exacerbation</kwd><kwd>inhaled surfactant</kwd><kwd>treatment effectiveness</kwd><kwd>exacerbation frequency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zou W, Liu Z, Wu Y et al. Global trends in the incidence and mortality of asthma from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis using the global burden of disease study 2019. 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