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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2026-144</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-10110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИИ В ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIONS IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антибиотикорезистентность при инфекциях верхних дыхательных путей в оториноларингологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiotic resistance in upper respiratory tract infections in otorhinolaryngology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-1167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивохин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivokhin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивохин Дмитрий Алексеевич - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Sivokhin - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sivokhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-2648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Струве</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Struve</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Струве Андрей Викторович - ассистент кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Struve - Assistant Professor of the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">struve_a_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1788-7969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Икаева</surname><given-names>Л. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ikaeva</surname><given-names>E. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Икаева Елизавета Тимуровна - студент Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta T. Ikaeva, Student, Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health.</p><p>6, Bldg. 1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lizaikaeva@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сивохин Д.А., Струве А.В., Икаева Л.Т., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сивохин Д.А., Струве А.В., Икаева Л.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sivokhin D.A., Struve A.V., Ikaeva E.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10110">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10110</self-uri><abstract><p>Инфекции верхних дыхательных путей остаются одной из наиболее распространенных причин обращения за медицинской помощью в амбулаторной практике. Острый риносинусит, тонзиллофарингит и острый средний отит занимают значимое место в структуре лор-патологии и характеризуются высокой частотой назначения антибактериальной терапии. При этом большинство острых воспалительных заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей имеют вирусную этиологию, что делает проблему необоснованного применения антибиотиков особенно актуальной. Чрезмерное и нерациональное использование антибактериальных препаратов способствует формированию и распространению антибиотикорезистентности среди ключевых респираторных патогенов, включая Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae и Streptococcus pyogenes. Цель исследования – систематизировать современные данные о клинически значимых проявлениях антибиотикорезистентности при наиболее распространенных инфекциях верхних дыхательных путей в оториноларингологической практике. Проведен анализ публикаций последних лет, представленных в международных и российских научных базах данных, включая PubMed, Cochrane Library и «КиберЛенинку». В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о показаниях к назначению антибактериальной терапии при остром бактериальном риносинусите, стрептококковом тонзиллофарингите и остром среднем отите, а также обсуждаются особенности антибиотикорезистентности основных бактериальных возбудителей данных заболеваний. Дополнительно представлен клинический случай острого среднего отита у взрослого пациента, сопровождавшийся неэффективностью стартовой β-лактамной терапии и потребовавший микробиологической верификации возбудителя и коррекции антибактериального лечения на основании результатов антибиотикограммы. Полученные данные подчеркивают важность рационального применения антибактериальных препаратов, микробиологической диагностики и индивидуализированного подхода к терапии инфекций лор-органов в условиях растущей антибиотикорезистентности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Upper respiratory tract infections remain one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care in outpatient practice. Acute rhinosinusitis, pharyngotonsillitis, and acute otitis media occupy a significant place in the structure of otorhinolaryngological diseases and are associated with a high rate of antibiotic prescriptions. At the same time, the majority of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract are of viral origin, which makes the problem of inappropriate antibiotic use particularly relevant. Excessive and irrational administration of antibacterial agents contributes to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance among key respiratory pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The aim of this study was to systematize current evidence on clinically significant manifestations of antibiotic resistance in the most common upper respiratory tract infections encountered in otorhinolaryngological practice. A literature analysis of recent publications indexed in international and Russian scientific databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Cyberleninka, was conducted. The review summarizes current approaches to antibiotic prescribing in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, and acute otitis media, and discusses patterns of antimicrobial resistance among the main bacterial pathogens responsible for these conditions. In addition, a clinical case of acute otitis media in an adult patient is presented. The case was characterized by the lack of clinical response to initial β-lactam therapy and required microbiological verification of the pathogen followed by adjustment of antimicrobial treatment according to the antibiotic susceptibility profile. The presented data emphasize the importance of rational antibiotic use, microbiological diagnostics, and an individualized therapeutic approach in the management of ENT infections in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый риносинусит</kwd><kwd>острый средний отит</kwd><kwd>острый тонзиллофарингит</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>кларитромицин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute rhinosinusitis</kwd><kwd>acute otitis media</kwd><kwd>acute pharyngotonsillitis</kwd><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>clarithromycin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дайхес НА, Баранов АА, Лобзин ЮВ, Намазова-Баранова ЛС, Козлов РС, Поляков ДП и др. Современные клинические рекомендации по ведению пациентов с острыми тонзиллитом и фарингитом. 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