medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2026-160medsovet-10174Research ArticleКОМОРБИДНЫЕ СОСТОЯНИЯCOMORBID CONDITIONSВниманию педиатра: почему наши дети толстеют?Pediatricians, attention! Why are our children getting fat?https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598ЗахароваИ. Н.ZakharovaI. N.

Захарова Ирина Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Irina N. Zakharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-9601ОсмановИ. М.OsmanovI. M.

Османов Исмаил Магомедович, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, заслуженный врач Москвы, главный врач, Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой; 1директор Университетской педиатрической клиники, Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова

125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28; 117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Ismail M. Osmanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Honored Doctor of Moscow, Chief Physician, Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital; Director of the University Pediatric Clinic, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117513

osmanovim@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-4550-1502АнисимоваП. Д.AnisimovaP. D.

Анисимова Полина Дмитриевна, аспирант кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Polina D. Anisimova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow

amstaffanis@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-9227-9378СкоробогатоваЕ. В.SkorobogatovaE. V.

Скоробогатова Екатерина Владимировна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского, Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования;  заведующая гастроэнтерологическим отделением, Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1; 125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28

Ekaterina V. Skorobogatova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Head of the Department of Gastroenterology, Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow; 28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373

katrinscor@mail.ruРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian FederationДетская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаРоссияBashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования; Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. БашляевойРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical HospitalRussian Federation20262506202607124134Copyright © Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Анисимова П.Д., Скоробогатова Е.В., 20262026Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Анисимова П.Д., Скоробогатова Е.В.Zakharova I.N., Osmanov I.M., Anisimova P.D., Skorobogatova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10174

Распространенность ожирения растет большими темпами. Нарушение жирового обмена опасно своими последствиями: избыток жировой ткани ассоциирован с метаболическими расстройствами, сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, поражением дыхательной и опорно-двигательной систем, почек, гепатобилиарного и желудочно-кишечного тракта и даже с онкологическими заболеваниями. К сожалению, многие из этих заболеваний в настоящее время встречаются среди пациентов детского возраста. Ожирение – это заболевание, требующее лечения. Зачастую проблема лишнего веса берет начало в детстве и сопровождает многих людей на протяжении жизни, поэтому особенно тревожным является увеличение встречаемости ожирения среди детей и подростков. Ожирение в первую очередь обусловлено преобладанием поступления энергетических ресурсов над энергозатратами. Существует множество факторов, влияющих на риск развития ожирения. К ним относятся биологические, поведенческие, экологические, социально-экономические, культурно-географические и психологические факторы. Вклад вносят сопутствующие заболевания, прием некоторых лекарственных препаратов и изменения микробиоты кишечника. Быстрая урбанизация и глобализация общества усугубляют потребление высококалорийной пищи и способствуют малоподвижному образу жизни, формируя среду, благоприятную для развития ожирения. Но все же не каждый человек, живущий в таких условиях, будет страдать ожирением. Существует пул модифицируемых факторов риска, влияние на которые позволяет успешно контролировать массу тела. Повышение уровня знаний как у врачей, так и у пациентов может существенно облегчить борьбу с таким непростым заболеванием, как ожирение. В настоящей статье, предназначенной для врачей-педиатров, изложены факторы риска развития ожирения у детей и подростков. В обзор включены результаты более 80 систематических обзоров, метаанализов и клинических исследований, отобранных из баз Google Scholar, PubMed и Web of Science по ключевым словам «ожирение», «избыток массы тела», «индекс массы тела», «факторы риска», «питание», «микробиота» с исключением дубликатов и публикаций, описывающих клинические случаи и не соответствующих тематике.

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing. Impaired fat metabolism has dangerous consequences: excess adipose tissue is associated with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, damage to the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, kidneys, hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal tracts, and even cancer. Unfortunately, many of these diseases are now common among pediatric patients. Obesity is a disease that requires treatment. Often, the problem of excess weight begins in childhood and continues throughout life, so the increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is particularly alarming. Obesity is primarily caused by an excess of energy intake over energy expenditure. Many factors influence the risk of obesity, including biological, behavioral, environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, geographical, and psychological factors. Contributing factors include comorbidities, the use of certain medications, and changes in the gut microbiota. Rapid urbanization and globalization of society exacerbate the consumption of high-calorie foods and a sedentary lifestyle, fostering an environment conducive to the development of obesity. However, not everyone living in such conditions will become obese. There are a number of modifiable risk factors that, if addressed, can successfully manage body weight. Improving the knowledge of both physicians and patients can significantly facilitate the fight against such a complex disease as obesity. This article, intended for pediatricians, outlines the risk factors for obesity in children and adolescents. The review includes the results of over 80 systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical studies, selected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science using the keywords “obesity”, “overweight”, “body mass index”, “risk factors”, “nutrition”, and “microbiota”. Duplicates and publications describing clinical cases and off-topic issues were excluded.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.