medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2026-201medsovet-10223Research ArticleПРАКТИКАPRACTICEОсобенности течения первичного билиарного холангита у женщин в разные возрастные периоды: обзор литературыFeatures of the course of primary biliary cholangitis in women at different age periods: Literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-4796БулатоваИ. А.BulatovaI. A.

Булатова Ирина Анатольевна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры факультетской терапии №1, заведующая кафедрой нормальной физиологии.

614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, д. 26

Irina A. Bulatova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy No. 1, Head of the Department of Normal Physiology.

26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990

bula.1977@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-6630ШевлюковаТ. П.ShevlyukovaT. P.

Шевлюкова Татьяна Петровна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии.

625023, Тюмень, ул. Одесская, д. 54

Tatyana P. Shevlyukova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

54, Odesskaya St., Tyumen, 625023

tata21.01@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-2928ЩекотоваА. П.ShchekotovaA. P.

Щекотова Алевтина Павловна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры факультетской терапии №2, профессиональной патологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики.

614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, д. 26

Alevtina P. Shchekotova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Occupational Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics.

26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990

al_shchekotova@mail.ruЩекотоваИ. В.ShchekotovaI. V.

Щекотова Ирина Владимировна - врач клинической лабораторной диагностики, руководитель отдела по работе с клиентами.

119048, Москва, ул. Усачева, д. 33

Irina V. Shchekotova, Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Head of the Customer Relations Department.

33, Usachev St., Moscow, 119048

shchekotirina@mail.ruПоповаЕ. Е.PopovaE. E.

Попова Екатерина Евгеньевна - ординатор кафедры факультетской терапии №2, профессиональной патологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики.

614990, Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, д. 26

Ekaterina E. Popova - Resident of the Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Occupational Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics.

26, Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990

maaska97@gmail.comПермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. ВагнераРоссияPerm State Medical University named after E.A. WagnerRussian FederationТюменский государственный медицинский университетРоссияTyumen State Medical UniversityRussian FederationООО «Синерджи»РоссияSynergy Research Group LLCRussian Federation20260107202608209216Copyright © Булатова И.А., Шевлюкова Т.П., Щекотова А.П., Щекотова И.В., Попова Е.Е., 20262026Булатова И.А., Шевлюкова Т.П., Щекотова А.П., Щекотова И.В., Попова Е.Е.Bulatova I.A., Shevlyukova T.P., Shchekotova A.P., Shchekotova I.V., Popova E.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10223

В обзоре рассмотрены вопросы эпидемиологии, этиологические факторы, патогенетические механизмы, клинико-диагностические подходы и принципы терапии первичного билиарного холангита (ПБХ) у женщин. Распространенность ПБХ очень вариабельна и колеблется от 0,9 до 58,2 на 100 000 человек. На долю женщин приходится до 90% всех случаев ПБХ, поэтому важным аспектом является характеристика течения этого заболевания в зависимости от возрастного периода. Эпидемиологические данные свидетельствуют о том, что ПБХ преимущественно поражает женщин постменопаузального возраста и чаще диагностируется в этой группе на более поздних стадиях. Развитие и прогрессирование ПБХ связывают с рядом генетических, аутоиммунных и экологических факторов. Более половины пациентов, наряду с ПБХ, имеют еще одно аутоиммунное заболевание. В репродуктивном возрасте пациентки часто имеют длительный латентный период без выраженной клинической симптоматики ПБХ, повышенный риск ановуляторных циклов и нарушения менструального цикла. Беременность у женщин с ПБХ связана с повышенным риском гестационной гипертензии, преэклампсии и преждевременных родов. После наступления менопаузы клиническая картина ПБХ часто становится более выраженной, возрастает вероятность развития цирроза и печеночной недостаточности. Существуют половые различия в распространенности, факторах риска и клинических исходах ПБХ. Заболеваемость ПБХ достигает пиковых значений среди женщин постменопаузального возраста. У беременных женщин ПБХ встречается относительно редко, однако имеет значительные клинические последствия как для матери, так и для плода.

The review examines the issues of epidemiology, etiological factors, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical and diagnostic approaches and principles of treatment of primary biliary cholangitis in women. The prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis is very variable and ranges from 0.9 to 58.2 per 100,000 people. Women account for up to 90% of all cases, so an important aspect is to characterize the course of this disease depending on the age period. Epidemiological data suggest that primary biliary cholangitis predominantly affects postmenopausal women and is more often diagnosed in this group at later stages. The development and progression of this pathology is associated with a number of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors. More than half of the patients have another autoimmune disease along with primary biliary cholangitis. During the reproductive age, patients often have a long latency period without pronounced clinical symptoms, an increased risk of anovulatory cycles and menstrual irregularities. Pregnancy in women with primary biliary cholangitis is associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and premature birth. After menopause, the clinical picture of this disease often becomes more pronounced, and the likelihood of developing cirrhosis and liver failure increases. There are gender differences in the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of primary biliary cholangitis. The incidence reaches its peak among postmenopausal women. In pregnant women, this pathology is relatively rare, but it has significant clinical consequences for both the mother and the fetus.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.