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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2026-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-10246</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ЛЕГКИХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Астма с поздним дебютом: эндотипы, фенотипы, клинико-функциональные особенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and functional characteristics, endotypes, and phenotypes of lateand very late-onset asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0348-1772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырева</surname><given-names>Т. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyreva</surname><given-names>T. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богатырева Тамара Умаровна - аспирант кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara U. Bogatyreva - Postgraduate Student, Department of Pulmonology.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogatireva001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-926X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнитдинова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaynitdinova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнитдинова Вилия Вилевна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viliya V. Gaynitdinova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Pulmonology.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivv_08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мержоева</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merzhoeva</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мержоева Замира Магомедовна = к.м.н., заведующий пульмонологическим отделением, Университетская клиническая больница №4; доцент кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zamira M. Merzhoeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pulmonology Department, UCH No.4; Assistant, Department of Pulmonology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov FMSMU (Sechenov University).</p><p>15, Bldg. 2, Dovatora St., Moscow, 119991; 8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zamira.merzoeva@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7986-8010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айнетдинова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aynetdinova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айнетдинова Елизавета Сергеевна - аспирант кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Aynetdinova - Postgraduate Student, Department of Pulmonology.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e-li1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-707X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravlev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журавлев Андрей Сергеевич - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры интервенционной кардиоангиологии Института профессионального образования, Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); младший научный сотрудник отделения рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии, Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2; 129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Zhuravlev - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Interventional Cardioangiology, Sechenov FMSMU (Sechenov University); Junior Research Fellow, Department of X-ray Endovascular Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”).</p><p>Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048; 61/2, Schepkin St., Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhuravlev_and@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3922-0186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванг</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ван Хуэйсинь, аспирант кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Huixin Wang - Postgraduate Student, Department of Pulmonology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wang2982334674@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акталиева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aktalieva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акталиева Асет Амерхановна - ординатор кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aset A. Aktalieva - Resident, Department of Pulmonology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asetaktalieva2001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Университетская клиническая больница №4</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (“MONIKI”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богатырева Т.У., Гайнитдинова В.В., Мержоева З.М., Айнетдинова Е.С., Журавлев А.С., Ванг Х., Акталиева А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богатырева Т.У., Гайнитдинова В.В., Мержоева З.М., Айнетдинова Е.С., Журавлев А.С., Ванг Х., Акталиева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogatyreva T.U., Gaynitdinova V.V., Merzhoeva Z.M., Aynetdinova E.S., Zhuravlev A.S., Wang H., Aktalieva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10246">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10246</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Ведение</title><p>Ведение. Одним из наиболее распространенных фенотипов в России является эозинофильная бронхиальная астма (БА) с поздним дебютом. Термин «астма с поздним дебютом» обозначает состояние, при котором симптомы, схожие с БА, впервые проявляются у человека старше 40 лет. Высокая распространенность коморбидных состояний существенно осложняет диагностику и лечение БА с поздним дебютом.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить особенности клинического течения и лабораторно-функциональных показателей у пациентов с БА с поздним и очень поздним дебютом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное наблюдательное исследование было включено 130 госпитализированных пациентов с БА с поздним дебютом. Все пациенты имели документально подтвержденный диагноз БА на основании клинических критериев GINA. Фенотип БА с поздним дебютом определялся в случае появления симптомов БА в возрасте старше 40 лет. Фенотип БА с очень поздним дебютом определялся в случае появления симптомов БА в пожилом возрасте (старше 60 лет, ВОЗ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Средний возраст пациентов составил 63,5 ± 11,3 года, возраст дебюта БА – 51,5 (42–62) года. Среди пациентов преобладали женщины (71,5%). Большинство (88,5%) имели T2-эндотип БА, который включал аллергический и/или эозинофильный фенотип, характеризовался обратимой обструкцией (53,9 против 0% в группе неT2, p &lt; 0,001) и более высокой диффузионной способностью легких (p = 0,035). Для неT2-эндотипа были характерны неаллергический фенотип, более высокая частота сочетания с ХОБЛ (46,7 vs 20,0%, p = 0,044) и бронхоэктазами (46,7 vs 19,1%, p = 0,041). Течение астмы было преимущественно неконтролируемым (86,2%) с частыми обострениями. Пациенты с очень поздним дебютом (≥60 лет) имели более выраженные нарушения функции внешнего дыхания, снижение скорости воздушного потока в малых дыхательных путях (снижение МОС₅₀, МОС₇₅, ПОС; p &lt; 0,05) и статистически значимо чаще страдали ишемической болезнью сердца (66,7 против 42,9%, p = 0,013).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. БА с поздним дебютом характеризуется преобладанием T2-эндотипа, тяжелым неконтролируемым течением и высокой коморбидностью. Бронхиальная астма с очень поздним дебютом (≥60 лет) имеет более выраженные нарушения функции внешнего дыхания, признаки системного воспаления, меньшую частоту обострений в течение года и более частое сочетание с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. One of the most common phenotypes in Russia is eosinophilic bronchial asthma (BA) with late onset. The term “asthma with late onset” refers to a condition where symptoms similar to BA first appear in a person over 40 years of age. The high prevalence of comorbid conditions significantly complicates the diagnosis and treatment of late-onset asthma.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the features of the clinical course and laboratory-functional indicators in patients with bronchial asthma of late and very late onset.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective observational study included 130 hospitalized patients with late-onset bronchial asthma. All patients had a documented diagnosis of “bronchial asthma” based on GINA clinical criteria. The late-onset bronchial asthma phenotype was defined as the onset of BA symptoms at an age older than 40 years. The very late-onset bronchial asthma phenotype was defined as the onset of BA symptoms at an elderly age (older than 60 years, according to WHO).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The mean age of the patients was 63.5 ± 11.3 years, and the age of BA onset was 51.5 (42–62) years. Women predominated among the patients (71.5%). The majority (88.5%) had a T2 endotype of BA, which included allergic and/or eosinophilic phenotypes, was characterized by reversible obstruction (53.9% vs. 0% in the non-T2 group, p &lt; 0.001) and higher lung diffusing capacity (p = 0.035). The non-T2 endotype was characterized by a non-allergic phenotype, a higher frequency of combination with COPD (46.7 vs 20.0%, p = 0.044) and bronchiectasis (46.7 vs 19.1%, p = 0.041). The course of asthma was predominantly uncontrolled (86.2%) with frequent exacerbations. Patients with very late onset (≥60 years) had more pronounced impairments in external respiratory function, a decrease in air flow rate in the small airways (decrease in MEF₅₀, MEF₇₅, PEF; p &lt; 0.05), and statistically significantly more often suffered from coronary artery disease (66.7 vs 42.9%, p = 0.013).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Late-onset BA is characterized by a predominance of the T2 endotype, a severe uncontrolled course, and high comorbidity. Bronchial asthma with a very late onset (≥60 years) has more pronounced impairments in external respiratory function, signs of systemic inflammation, a lower frequency of exacerbations during the year, and a more frequent combination with cardiovascular diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>поздний дебют</kwd><kwd>эндотипы</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>T2-воспаление</kwd><kwd>функция внешнего дыхания</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>late onset</kwd><kwd>endotypes</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>T2 inflammation</kwd><kwd>external respiratory function</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин АГ, Авдеев СН, Айсанов ЗР, Белевский АС, Васильева ОС, Геппе НА и др. 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