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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2026-200</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-10258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНТЕРСТИЦИАЛЬНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ ЛЕГКИХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коморбидные заболевания и предикторы неблагоприятного прогноза при гиперчувствительном пневмоните</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comorbidities and predictors of unfavorable prognosis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-4133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушенко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трушенко Наталья Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); научный сотрудник, Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2; 115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Trushenko - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Pulmonology of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First MSMU (Sechenov University); Research Associate, Research Institute for Pulmonology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048; 28, Bldg. 10, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trushenko.natalia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавгинова</surname><given-names>Б. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavginova</surname><given-names>B. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лавгинова Баина Баатровна - аспирант кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baina B. Lavginova - Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pulmonology at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bapus15@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-2900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левина Юлия Алексеевна - аспирант кафедры пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iuliia A. Levina - Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pulmonology of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yu1999levina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-6865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Першина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pershina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Першина Екатерина Сергеевна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры кардиологии, функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики лечебного факультета Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); заместитель главного врача по перспективному развитию, ГКБ №1 имени Н.И. Пирогова.</p><p>119048, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2; 119049, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Pershina - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First MSMU (Sechenov University); Deputy Chief Physician for Strategic Development, Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1.</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119048; 8, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pershina86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Research Institute for Pulmonology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Городская клиническая больница №1 имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трушенко Н.В., Лавгинова Б.Б., Левина Ю.А., Першина Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трушенко Н.В., Лавгинова Б.Б., Левина Ю.А., Першина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trushenko N.V., Lavginova B.B., Levina I.A., Pershina E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10258">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10258</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Гиперчувствительный пневмонит (ГП) – иммуноопосредованное интерстициальное заболевание легких, характеризующееся развитием воспаления и/или легочного фиброза. Фибротический тип ГП (фГП) ассоциирован с неблагоприятным прогнозом, однако влияние коморбидных заболеваний на течение и исходы ГП изучено недостаточно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить распространенность и клиническую значимость коморбидных заболеваний, а также определить предикторы прогрессирования и летального исхода у пациентов с фибротическим и нефибротическим вариантами ГП (нфГП).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное наблюдательное исследование включены 392 пациента с ГП, верифицированным мультидисциплинарной комиссией. Период наблюдения составил 12 мес. Анализировались клинические, функциональные и рентгенологические характеристики, спектр коморбидных заболеваний с расчетом индекса Чарльсона, показатели теста с 6-минутной ходьбой (6-МТ), данные эхокардиографии и газового состава крови. Прогрессирование определялось согласно критериям ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2022 г. Для выявления предикторов прогрессирования и летального исхода использовались методы логистического регрессионного и ROC-анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В анализ включены 339 пациентов: 89,9% – с фГП и 11,1% – с нфГП. Пациенты с фГП были старше, характеризовались более высокими значениями GAP, большей выраженностью одышки и кашля, худшими показателями 6-МТ и более высокой летальностью по сравнению с нфГП. У пациентов с фГП также отмечались более высокие значения индекса Чарльсона (4 (2-5) vs 2 (1-4), p = 0,003) и большая распространенность сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Независимым предиктором прогрессирования являлся паттерн обычной интерстициальной пневмонии (ОИП) по данным ВРКТ (ОШ 3,16, 95% ДИ: 1,06–9,46). Предикторами летального исхода были отсутствие установленного причинно-значимого антигена, десатурация в конце 6-МТ, индекс Чарльсона ≥ 4 баллов и фракция выброса левого желудочка ≤ 55%. Наличие сахарного диабета также ассоциировалось с повышением риска прогрессирования и летального исхода (ОШ 2,58; 95% ДИ: 1,19–5,56; p = 0,016).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Пациенты с фГП характеризуются высокой распространенностью коморбидных заболеваний, прежде всего сердечно-сосудистой патологии и сахарного диабета. Наличие паттерна ОИП, выраженной десатурации при 6-МТ, отсутствие сведений о причине заболевания и высокий индекса Чарльсона оказывают значимое влияние на течение и прогноз заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease characterized by inflammation and/or pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrotic HP (fHP) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis, however, the impact of comorbidities on disease progression and outcomes remains insufficiently studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the prevalence and clinical significance of comorbidities and to identify predictors of disease progression and mortality in patients with fibrotic and non-fibrotic HP (non-fHP).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This prospective observational study included 392 patients with multidisciplinary-confirmed HP. The follow-up period was 12 months. Clinical, functional, and radiological characteristics, Charlson comorbidity index, 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), echocardiographic parameters were evaluated. Disease progression was assessed according to the ATS/ ERS/JRS/ALAT 2022 criteria. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were used to identify predictors of progression and mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A total of 339 patients were included in the analysis: 89.9% with fHP and 11.1% with non-fHP. Patients with fHP were older and demonstrated higher GAP scores, more severe dyspnea and cough, poorer 6-MWT performance, and higher mortality compared with non-fHP. Patients with fHP also had higher Charlson comorbidity index values (4 (2-5) vs 2 (1-4), p = 0.003) and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. A usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on high-resolution computed tomography was an independent predictor of progression (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.06–9.46). Predictors of mortality included unidentified causative antigen exposure, oxygen desaturation at the end of the 6-MWT, Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 4, and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 55%. Diabetes mellitus was also associated with an increased risk of progression and mortality (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.19–5.56, p = 0.016).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with fHP are characterized by a high burden of comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. UIP pattern, unidentified causative antigen exposure, significant oxygen desaturation during the 6-MWT, and a high Charlson comorbidity index have a substantial impact on disease prognosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперчувствительный пневмонит</kwd><kwd>фибротический гиперчувствительный пневмонит</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>предикторы прогноза</kwd><kwd>обычная интерстициальная пневмония</kwd><kwd>прогрессирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypersensitivity pneumonitis</kwd><kwd>fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>prognostic predictors</kwd><kwd>UIP pattern</kwd><kwd>progression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Myers JL, Kreuter M, Vasakova M et al. Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Adults. 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