medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2026-124medsovet-10270Research ArticleПРАКТИКАPRACTICEПовреждение легких, вызванное использованием электронных сигарет или вейп-продуктов (EVALI): неопознанный убийца современной молодежиE-cigarette and Vaping use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI): The unidentified killer of modern youthhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-6434-3253ИгонинаМ. Ю.IgoninaM. Yu.

Игонина Марина Юрьевна, врач – акушер-гинеколог, клинический ординатор.

390013, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9

Marina Yu. Igonina - Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Clinical Resident

9, Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan, 390013

jasparinka@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0910-4256КрыловаТ. В.KrylovaT. V.

Крылова Татьяна Вячеславовна - врач приемного отделения.

399900, Липецкая обл., Чаплыгин, ул. Крупской, д. 52

Tatiana V. Krylova - Doctor of the Admission Department.

52, Krupskaya St., Chaplygin, Lipetsk Region, 399900

krylovatatiana23062001@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-4696УрясьевО. М.UryasevO. M.

Урясьев Олег Михайлович - д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии имени профессора В.Я. Гармаша.

390013, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9

Oleg M. Uryasev - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy.

9, Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan, 390013

uryasev08@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-9418ШахановА. В.ShakhanovA. V.

Шаханов Антон Валерьевич - к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии имени профессора В.Я. Гармаша.

390013, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9

Anton V. Shakhanov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy.

9, Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan, 390013

shakhanovav@gmail.comРязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. ПавловаРоссияRyazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. PavlovRussian FederationДанковская центральная районная больницаРоссияDankov Central District HospitalRussian Federation20261407202609225233Copyright © Игонина М.Ю., Крылова Т.В., Урясьев О.М., Шаханов А.В., 20262026Игонина М.Ю., Крылова Т.В., Урясьев О.М., Шаханов А.В.Igonina M.Y., Krylova T.V., Uryasev O.M., Shakhanov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10270

Использование электронных сигарет является неотъемлемой частью в жизни современной молодежи, которая изначально приобретала их в качестве более безопасной альтернативы традиционному табакокурению в связи с активным маркетингом, большей доступностью и убеждением о том, что электронную систему доставки никотина разрешено употреблять в любом общественном месте. Курение электронных сигарет связано с растущим числом серьезных легочных осложнений, таких как повреждение легких, вызванное использованием электронных сигарет (EVALI). В статье представлен обзор, преимущественно американских литературных источников из поисковой системы PubMed по EVALI за период 2019–2023 гг., включая историю возникновения вспышки повреждения легких, связанную с использованием электронных систем доставки никотина в Соединенных Штатах Америки (США), определение понятия EVALI как диагноза, его эпидемиологию, патофизиологические механизмы, типичные клинические симптомы основных вариантов, повреждения легких, подтверждаемые методами визуализации, диагностические критерии, а также описание связанных с ними потенциальных исходов. Типичные клинические симптомы EVALI можно разделить на следующие группы: системные, респираторные и симптомы со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта. Среди всех пациентов с клиническими проявлениями EVALI могут быть выделены несколько форм: организующаяся пневмония, диффузное альвеолярное повреждение, гиперчувствительный пневмонит, острая эозинофильная пневмония, острый респираторный дистресс-синдром, респираторный бронхиолит, ассоциированный с интерстициальным заболеванием легких, острая фибринозная организующаяся пневмония, гранулематозный пневмонит. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что наиболее распространенными гистологическими паттернами в биоптатах легких пациентов с EVALI являются организующаяся пневмония и диффузное альвеолярное повреждение. На данный момент считается, что механизм развития EVALI – это результат окислительного стресса, вызванного ингредиентами, обычно содержащимися в жидкостях для электронных сигарет. Данные исследования могут быть полезны клиницистам разной специализации, которые послужили бы ключом к более быстрому установлению диагноза и началу лечения.

The use of electronic cigarettes has become an integral part of modern youth culture, initially adopted as a safer alternative to traditional tobacco smoking. This shift was driven by active marketing, increased accessibility, and the perception that electronic nicotine delivery systems are permitted for use in any public place. However, electronic cigarette use has been associated with a growing number of severe lung complications, such as lung damage caused by E-cigarette or Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI). This article presents a review primarily based on American literature sources from the PubMed database on EVALI for the period 2019–2023. It includes the history of the lung injury outbreak related to electronic nicotine delivery systems in The United States of America (USA), the definition of EVALI as a diagnosis, its epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, typical clinical symptoms of main variants, lung damage confirmed by imaging methods, diagnostic criteria, and potential outcomes. Clinical manifestations of EVALI can be divided into three groups: systemic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Several forms of EVALI are identified among patients, including organizing pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, hypersensitive pneumonitis, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory bronchiolitis, interstitial lung disease-associated, acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia, and granulomatous pneumonitis. Histological patterns most commonly observed in lung biopsies of EVALI patients are organizing pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage. The current understanding suggests that EVALI develops due to oxidative stress caused by ingredients in e-cigarette liquids. These findings can aid clinicians of various specialties in rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.