Введение

medsovet

Медицинский Совет

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council

2079-701X2658-5790

REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.

10.21518/ms2026-236

medsovet-10368

Research Article

ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИЯ

ENDOCRINOLOGY

Эпидемиологический тренд ожирения у детей и подростков в мире и Российской Федерации (систематический обзор)

Epidemiological trends of obesity in children and adolescents worldwide and in the Russian Federation (systematic review)

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-8674

Грицинская

В. Л.

Gritsinskaya

V. L.

Грицинская Вера Людвиговна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры общей медицинской практики.

194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2

Vera L. Gritsinskaya - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of General Medical Practice.

2, Litovskaya St., St Petersburg, 194100

tryfive@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-1709

Новикова

В. П.

Novikova

V. P.

Новикова Валерия Павловна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой пропедевтики детских болезней с курсом общего ухода за детьми, заведующая лабораторией медико-социальных проблем в педиатрии.

194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2

Valeria P. Novikova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Propedeutics of Pediatric Diseases with a Course in General Pediatric Care, Head of the Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics.

2, Litovskaya St., St Petersburg, 194100

novikova-vp@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-4759

Гурова

М. М.

Gurova

M. M.

Гурова Маргарита Михайловна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней с курсом общего ухода за детьми, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории медико-социальных проблем в педиатрии.

194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2

Margarita М. Gurova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Propedeutics of Pediatric Diseases with a Course in General Pediatric Care, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems in Pediatrics.

2, Litovskaya St., St Petersburg, 194100

itely@mail.ru

Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияSaint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2026

11092026

0118592

2026

Грицинская В.Л., Новикова В.П., Гурова М.М.

Gritsinskaya V.L., Novikova V.P., Gurova M.M.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10368

Введение

Введение. К началу XXI в. заболеваемость неинфекционными заболеваниями, обусловленными неполноценным питанием, включая ожирение, достигла эпидемического уровня. Результаты многочисленных исследований по всему миру демонстрируют высокую распространенность избыточной массы тела и ожирения у детей и подростков. Однако опубликованные данные разрознены, что затрудняет проведение сравнительного анализа показателей исследований в различных регионах и странах.

Цель

Цель. Провести систематический анализ и обобщение результатов отечественных и зарубежных исследований, данных национальных мониторингов по заболеваемости ожирением детей и подростков в возрасте от 2 до 18 лет.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Основой исследования послужили научные публикации по распространенности заболеваний, обусловленных неполноценным питанием. Поиск публикаций проводили по базам данных eLIBRARY.RU, КиберЛенинка, PubMed и MEDLINE, содержащих российские и зарубежные источники результатов национальных, популяционных эпидемиологических исследований и метаанализа научной информации. Всего в анализ включено 57 публикаций за период с 2007 по 2025 г. К искомому типу источников информации отнесли публикации, содержащие в названии и аннотации слова «избыточная масса тела», «ожирение», «дети», «подростки». Критерием включения было проведение авторами оценки нутритивного статуса в соответствии с методикой и нормативами Child Growth Standards (2006 г.) и WHO Growth Reference 2007 (2007 г.)

Заключение

Заключение. Проведенный анализ опубликованных исследований показал, что, несмотря на региональную вариативность распространенности избыточного веса, в большинстве стран мира, включая Российскую Федерацию, продолжается рост заболеваемости детского населения ожирением, что свидетельствует о недостаточной эффективности профилактических мер.

Introduction

Introduction. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases caused by malnutrition, including obesity, has reached epidemic levels by the beginning of the 21st century. Numerous studies worldwide demonstrate a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. However, published data are scattered, making it difficult to conduct a comparative analysis of research indicators in different regions and countries.

Aim

Aim. To conduct a systematically analyze and generalization of the results of domestic and foreign studies, data from national monitoring on the incidence of obesity in children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The study material was scientific publications on the prevalence of diseases caused by malnutrition. The search for publications was carried out in the eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka.ru, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases. These databases contain Russian and foreign sources of results of national, population-based epidemiological studies and meta-analysis of scientific information. A total of 57 publications from 2007 to 2025 were analyzed. Publications containing the keywords “overweight”, “obesity”, “children” and “adolescents” in the title and abstract were selected as sources of information. The inclusion criterion was that the authors had assessed the nutritional status in accordance with the methods and standards of Child Growth Standards (2006) and WHO Growth Reference (2007).

Conclusion

Conclusion. An analysis of published studies has shown that, despite regional variations in the prevalence of excess weight, in most countries, including the Russian Federation, the prevalence of childhood obesity continues to rise, indicating the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures.

ожирениеизбыточная масса телараспространенностьзаболеваемостьдетиподростки

obesityoverweightprevalenceincidencechildrenadolescents

References1

Branca F, Nikogosian H, Lobstein T. The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response: summary. Denmark: World Health Organization; 2007. Available at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/327979.

de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi Е, Siyam A, Nishidaa C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(9):660–667. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.043497.

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.

Jebeile H, Kelly AS, O’Malley G, Baur LA. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(5):351–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00047-X.

Zhang X, Liu J, Ni Y, Yi C, Fang Y, Ning Q et al. Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(8):800–813. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1576.

Inchley Jo, Dorothy C, Jewell Jo, Breda João. Adolescent obesity and related behaviours: trends and inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002–2014: observations from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) WHO collaborative cross-national study. World Health Organization; 2017. 87 p. Available at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/329417.

Rakić JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P. A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Vol. 4. 49 p. Available at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/376772.

Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Moreno LA, Ruiz JR et al. Prevalence and Trends of Overweight and Obesity in European Children From 1999 to 2016: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(10):e192430. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2430.

Nittari G, Scuri S, Petrelli F, Pirillo I, di Luca NM, Grappasonni I. Fighting obesity in children from European World Health Organization member states. Epidemiological data, medical-social aspects, and prevention programs. Clin Ter. 2019;170(3):e223–e230. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2019.2137.

Tambalis KD, Panagiotakos DB, Psarra G, Sidossis LS. Current data in Greek children indicate decreasing trends of obesity in the transition from childhood to adolescence; results from the National Action for Children’s Health (EYZHN) program. J Prev Med Hyg. 2018;59(1):E36–E47. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.1.797.

Fiori F, Bravo G, Parpinel M, Messina G, Malavolta R, Lazzer S. Relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in Italian prepubertal schoolchildren. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0233362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233362.

Rodrigues D, Padez C, Machado-Rodrigues AM. Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Excess Weight among Portuguese Children and Why Abdominal Obesity Should Be Included in Clinical Practice. Acta Med Port. 2018;31(3):159–164. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.9000.

Raufi А, Konstantinova MK. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children: Variation in Different Ethnicities, Age, and Sex in North Macedonia. Prilozi. 2022;43(2):23–31. https://doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2022-0015.

O’Donnell A, Buffini M, Kehoe L, Nugent A, Kearney J, Walton J et al. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children between 1990 and 2019. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(14):2512–2520. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020000920.

Noiman AN, Fryar CD, Saif NT, Afful J. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among children and adolescents ages 2–19 years: United States, 1963–1965 through August 2021 – August 2023. NCHS Health E-Stat No. 112. 2025.s 7 p. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/174645.

Tsoi MF, Li HL, Feng Q, Cheung CL, Cheung TT, Cheung BMY. Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States in 1999–2018: A 20-Year Analysis. Obes Facts. 2022;15(4):560–569. https://doi.org/10.1159/000524261.

Deng Y, Yli-Piipari S, El-Shahawy O, Tamura K. Trends and key disparities of obesity among US adolescents: The NHANES from 2007 to 2020. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(10):e0290211. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290211.

Yang B, Tang C, Shi Z, Gao L. Association of Macronutrients Intake with Body Composition and Sarcopenic Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. Nutrients. 2023;15(10):2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102307.

Mande J, Flaherty G. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program as a health intervention. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2023;35(1):33–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000001192.

GBD 2021 US Obesity Forecasting Collaborators. National-level and statelevel prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990–2021, and forecasts up to 2050. Lancet. 2024;404(10469):2278–2298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01548-4.

Chaput JP, Colley RC, Aubert S, Carson V, Janssen I, Roberts KC, Tremblay MS. Proportion of preschool-aged children meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and associations with adiposity: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(Suppl. 5):829. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4854-y.

Bancej C, Jayabalasingham B, Wall RW, Rao DP, Do MT, de Groh M, Jayaraman GC. Evidence Brief – Trends and projections of obesity among Canadians. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2015;35(7):109–112. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.35.7.02.

Маматхужаева Г. Современное состояние изучения эпидемиологии и диагностики ожирения у детей и подростков (обзор литературы). Международный журнал научной педиатрии. 2022;1(3):23–24. https://doi.org/10.56121/2181-2926-2022-3-23-34.

Mamathuzhaeva G. Current status of research on the features of epidemiology and diagnosis of obesity in children and adolescents (literature review). International Journal of Scientific Pediatrics. 2022;1(3):23–24. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.56121/2181-2926-2022-3-23-34.

Pinto R, Nunes A, de Mello L. Analysis of factors associated with excess weight in school children. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2016;34(4):460–468. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27321919.

Tello B, Ocaña J, García-Zambrano P, Enríque-Moreira B, Dueñas-Espín I. Determinants of overweight and obesity among children between 5 to 11 years in Ecuador: A secondary analysis from the National Health Survey 2018. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(4):e0296538. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296538.

Shamah-Levy T, Cuevas-Nasu L, Gaona-Pineda EB, Valenzuela-Bravo DG, Méndez Gómez-Humarán I, Ávila-Arcos MA. Childhood obesity in Mexico: Influencing factors and prevention strategies. Front Public Health. 2022;10:949893. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.949893.

Lin X, Li H. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12:706978. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.706978.

Novotny R, Li F, Fialkowski MK, Bersamin A, Tufa A, Deenik J et al. Prevalence of obesity and acanthosis nigricans among young children in the children’s healthy living program in the United States Affiliated Pacific. Medicine. 2016;95(37):e4711. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004711.

Osei Bonsu E, Addo IY. Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among under-five children in Egypt. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1067522. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067522.

Hadhood SESA, Ali RAE, Mohamed MM. Hrevalence and Correlates of Overweight and Obesity among School Children in Sohad, Egypt. Open J Gastroenterol. 2017;7(2):75–88 https://doi.org/10.4236/ojgas.2017.72009.

Ayele BA, Tiruneh SA, Ayele AA, Zemene MA, Chanie ES, Hailemeskel HS. Prevalence and determinants of overweight/obesity among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22(1):585. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03645-z.

Sserwanja Q, Mutisya LM, Olal E, Musaba MW, Mukunya D. Factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity in Uganda: a national survey. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1494. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11567-1.

Kruger HS, Visser M, Malan L, Zandberg L, Wicks M, Ricci C, Faber M. Anthropometric nutritional status of children (0–18 years) in South Africa 1997–2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2023;26(11):2226–2242. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023001994.

Mussa I, Debella A, Maruta MB, Getachew T, Gamachu M, Deressa A et al. Overweight and obesity trends and association with household wealth index among children aged 5 to 19 years in Ethiopia a multilevel analysis of 2016 EDHS data. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):10788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83773-x.

de Onis M, Blossner M, Borghi E. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:1257–1264. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20861173.

Gupta N, Goel K, Shah P, Misra A. Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(1):48–70. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2010-0028.

Le GB, Dinh DX. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in Thanhhoa City, Vietnam. BMJ Open. 2022;12(4):e058504. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058504.

Ng SW, Zaghloul S, Ali HI, Harrison G, Popkin BM. The prevalence and trends of overweight, obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in the Arabian Gulf States. Obes Rev. 2011;12(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00750.x.

Hong Y, Ullah R, Wang JB, Fu JF. Trends of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in China. World J Pediatr. 2023;19(12):1115–1126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-023-00709-7.

Xu Y, Mei M, Wang H, Yan Q, He G. Association between Weight Status and Physical Fitness in Chinese Mainland Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7):2468. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072468.

Fan H, Zhang X. Alarming Trends in Severe Obesity in Chinese Children from 1991 to 2015. Child Obes. 2020;16(4):244–249. https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2019.0171.

Yang Y, Zhang M, Yu J, Pei Z, Sun C, He J et al. Nationwide Trends of Pediatric Obesity and BMI z-Score From 2017–2021 in China: Comparable Findings From Real-World Mobileand Hospital-Based Data. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:859245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.859245.

Li Y, Zhang F, Chen Q, Yin X, Bi C, Yang X et al. Levels of Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison between China and Japan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):9569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249569.

Olds TS, Tomkinson GR, Ferrar KE, Maher CA. Trends in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Australia between 1985 and 2008. Int J Obes. 2010;34(10):57–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.211.

Olds T, Maher C, Zumin S, Péneau S. Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011;6(5-6):342–360. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21838570.

Картелишев АВ, Румянцев АГ, Смирнова НС. Ожирение у детей и подростков. Причины и современные технологии терапии и профилактики. М.: Бином; 2020. 280 с.

Конь ИЯ, Волкова ЛЮ, Коростелева ММ, Шилина НМ, Алешина ИВ, Тоболева МА. Распространенность ожирения у детей дошкольного и школьного возраста в Российской Федерации. Вопросы детской диетологии. 2011;9(4):5–8. https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2011-4-5-8.

Kon’ IYa, Volkova LYu, Korosteleva MM, Shilina NM., Alyoshina IV, Toboleva MA. Incidence of obesity in children of preschool and school age in the Russian Federation. Pediatric Nutrition. 2011;9(4):5–8. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2011-4-5-8.

Дедов ИИ, Мельниченко ГА, Бутрова СА, Савельева ЛВ. Ожирение в подростковом возрасте. Результаты российского эпидемиологического исследования. Терапевтический архив. 2007;79(10):28–32. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/julclv.

Dedov II, Melnichenko GA, Butrova SA, Savelyeva LV. Obesity in adolescents. Results of Russian epidemiological trial. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2007;79(10):28–32. (In Russ.) Available at: https://elibrary.ru/julclv.

Намазова-Баранова ЛС, Елецкая КА, Кайтукова ЕВ, Макарова СГ. Оценка физического развития детей среднего и старшего школьного возраста: анализ результатов одномоментного исследования. Педиатрическая фармакология. 2018;15(4):333–342. https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v15i4.1948.

Namazova-Baranova LS, Yeletskaya KA, Kaytukova EV, Маkarova SG. Evaluation of the Physical Development of Children of Secondary School Age: аn Analysis of the Results of a Cross-Sectional Study. Pediatric Pharmacology. 2018;15(4):333–342. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v15i4.1948.

Грицинская ВЛ, Губернаторова ТЮ, Пермякова ЕС, Хавкин АИ. Скрининговая оценка нутритивного статуса школьников, проживающих в различных регионах Российской Федерации. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2020;15(1):30–34. https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2020-1-30-34.

Gritsinskaya VL, Gubernatorova TYu, Permyakova ES, Khavkin AI. Assessment of nutritional status of schoolchildren residing in different regions of the Russian Federation. Clinical Practice in Pediatrics. 2020;15(1):30–34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2020-1-30-34.

Грицинская ВЛ, Новикова ВП, Хавкин АИ. К вопросу об эпидемиологии ожирения у детей и подростков (систематический обзор и мета-анализ научных публикаций за 15-летний период). Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2022;17(2):126–135. https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-2-126-135.

Gritsinskaya VL, Novikova VP, Khavkin AI. Epidemiology of obesity in children and adolescents (systematic review and meta-analysis of publications over a 15-year period). Clinical Practice in Pediatrics. 2022;17(2):126–135. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-2-126-135.

Автомонова ТС, Алешина ЕИ, Афончикова ОЛ. Мультидисциплинарные проблемы ожирения у детей. СПб.: СпецЛит; 2019. 594с.

Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Lontchi-Yimagou E. Global, regional, and country estimates of metabolic syndrome burden in children and adolescents in 2020: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6(3):158–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00374-6.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.