medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2026-319medsovet-10444Research ArticleЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИЯENDOCRINOLOGYЙодный дефицит и интеллект: механизмы влияния и возможности профилактикиIodine deficiency and intelligence: Mechanisms of influence and possibilities of preventionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-0289МакароваО. Б.MakarovaO. B.

Макарова Ольга Борисовна, д.м.н., доцент, профессор курса эндокринологии кафедры терапии с курсами эндокринологии, функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики Института клинической медицины

625023, Россия, Тюмень, ул. Одесская, д. 54

ResearcherID: AID-4458-2022

Olga B. Makarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Endocrinology Course of the Institute of CPD with the Courses of Endocrinology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics

54, Odesskaya St., Tyumen, 625023

ResearcherID: AID-4458-2022

dr.makarova@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9253-8075СуплотоваЛ. А.SuplotovaL. A.

Суплотова Людмила Александровна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая курсом эндокринологии кафедры терапии с курсами эндокринологии, функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики Института клинической медицины

625023, Тюмень, ул. Одесская, д. 54

ResearcherID: J-3596-2014

 

Lyudmila A. Suplotova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Endocrinology Course of the Institute of CPD with the Courses of Endocrinology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics

54, Odesskaya St., Tyumen, 625023

ResearcherID: J-3596-2014

suplotovala@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-1686СудницынаА. С.SudnitsynaA. S.

Судницына Анна Сергеевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры терапии с курсами эндокринологии, функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики Института клинической медицины

625023, Тюмень, ул. Одесская, д. 54

Anna S. Sudnitsyna, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Endocrinology Course of the Institute of CPD with the Courses of Endocrinology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics

54, Odesskaya St., Tyumen, 625023

 

dr.sudnitsyna@mail.ruТюменский государственный медицинский университетРоссияTyumen State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202621092026013190197Copyright © Макарова О.Б., Суплотова Л.А., Судницына А.С., 20262026Макарова О.Б., Суплотова Л.А., Судницына А.С.Makarova O.B., Suplotova L.A., Sudnitsyna A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/10444

Йодный дефицит остается глобальной проблемой здравоохранения в мире и признан одной из ведущих предотвратимых причин снижения интеллекта. Вся территория России относится к региону с хроническим дефицитом йода, и, несмотря на проводимые региональные программы профилактики, при отсутствии федерального закона о всеобщем йодировании соли сохраняется легкая йодная недостаточность, которая, помимо увеличения патологии щитовидной железы, ведет к снижению интеллектуального потенциала населения. Цель – обобщить имеющиеся данные о взаимосвязи йодного потребления и уровня коэффициента интеллекта (IQ), уделяя особое внимание критическим периодам развития (внутриутробный и неонатальный периоды, ранний детский возраст). Проведен поиск публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar и eLIBRARY.ru по ключевым словам «йодный дефицит», «интеллект», «головной мозг», «нейроразвитие», «профилактика» за последние 10 лет. Тяжелый дефицит йода связан с глубокими и необратимыми нарушениями нейроразвития (кретинизм). Умеренный дефицит йода приводит к измеримым когнитивным нарушениям у детей, легкий же дефицит ассоциирован с нарушениями внимания, памяти, успеваемости, скорости принятия решений. Групповая и индивидуальная профилактика йодного дефицита в группах риска обеспечивает адекватный йодный статус и положительно влияет на интеллект. Дефицит йода играет критическую роль в формировании когнитивных функций, особенно на ранних этапах нейроразвития, поэтому необходима профилактика в группах риска с использованием фармакологических препаратов калия йодида, содержащих физиологическую дозу йода, необходимую в эти периоды.

Iodine deficiency remains a global public health issue worldwide and is recognized as one of the leading preventable causes of intellectual impairment. The entire territory of Russia is classified as a region with chronic iodine deficiency. Despite ongoing regional prevention programs, the absence of a federal law on universal salt iodization means that mild iodine deficiency persists. This deficiency not only increases thyroid pathology but also leads to a decline in the intellectual potential of the population. The aim is to summarize available data on the relationship between iodine intake and intelligence quotient (IQ) levels, with a particular focus on critical periods of development (intrauterine and neonatal periods, early childhood). A search for publications was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.ru databases using the keywords: iodine deficiency, intelligence, brain, neurodevelopment, prevention for the last 10 years. Severe iodine deficiency is associated with profound and irreversible neurodevelopmental disorders (Cretinism). Moderate iodine deficiency leads to measurable cognitive impairment in children, while mild deficiency is associated with impairments in attention, memory, academic performance, and decision-making speed. Group-based and individual prevention of iodine deficiency in at-risk populations ensures adequate iodine status and positively influences intellectual outcomes. Iodine deficiency plays a critical role in the formation of cognitive functions, especially during the early stages of neurodevelopment. Prevention in at-risk groups using pharmacological preparations of potassium iodide containing the physiological dose of iodine required during these periods is essential.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.