medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2016-10-93-97medsovet-1410Research ArticleКАРДИОЛОГИЯCARDIOLOGYЭпидемиология и особенности терапии хронической сердечной недостаточности в сочетании с фибрилляцией предсердийEPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATIONОСМОЛОВСКАЯЮ. Ф.OSMOLOVSKAYAY. F.

к.м.н.

Москва

PhD in medicine

РОМАНОВАН. В.ROMANOVAN. V.

Москва

ЖИРОВИ. В.ZHIROVI. V.

д.м.н.

Москва

MD

ТЕРЕЩЕНКОС. Н.TERESCHENKOS . N.

д.м.н., профессор

Москва

MD

Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплексРоссияRussian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Russian Ministry of HealthRussian Federation2016301220160109397Copyright © ОСМОЛОВСКАЯ Ю.Ф., РОМАНОВА Н.В., ЖИРОВ И.В., ТЕРЕЩЕНКО С.Н., 20162016ОСМОЛОВСКАЯ Ю.Ф., РОМАНОВА Н.В., ЖИРОВ И.В., ТЕРЕЩЕНКО С.Н.OSMOLOVSKAYA Y.F., ROMANOVA N.V., ZHIROV I.V., TERESCHENKO S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1410

Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) и фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) являются наиболее распространенными состояниями в клинической практике. ХСН и ФП часто сочетаются друг с другом. Количество пациентов с ХСН и ФП неуклонно растет с каждым годом. До настоящего времени ряд вопросов, касающихся тактики антикоагулянтной терапии этой группы пациентов, остается нерешенным. В данном обзоре представлены данные об уровне соблюдения клинических рекомендаций, распространенности длительной антикоагулянтной терапии у данной группы больных.

Heart failure and atrial fibrillation are the most common cardiovascular conditions in clinical practice and frequently coexist. The number of patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation is increasing every year. Nowadays the question of anticoagulant therapy for this category of patients is being discussed. In our review we summarized data on the guideline adherence and prevalence of long-term anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

хроническая сердечная недостаточностьфибрилляция предсердийэпидемиологияантикоагулянтная терапияheart failureatrial fibrillationepidemiologyanticoagulation therapyReferencesHo KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am CollCardiol, 1993, 22: 6A-13A.Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am CollCardiol, 1993, 22: 6A-13A.MacIntyre K, Capewell S, Stewart S, Chalmers JW, Boyd J, Finlayson A, Redpath A, Pell JP, McMurray JJ. Evidence of improving prognosis in heart failure: Trends in case fatality in 66 547 patients hospitalized between 1986 and 1995. Circulation, 2000, 102: 1126-1131.MacIntyre K, Capewell S, Stewart S, Chalmers JW, Boyd J, Finlayson A, Redpath A, Pell JP, McMurray JJ. Evidence of improving prognosis in heart failure: Trends in case fatality in 66 547 patients hospitalized between 1986 and 1995. Circulation, 2000, 102: 1126-1131.Mosterd A, Cost B, Hoes AW, de Bruijne MC, Deckers JW, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. The prognosis of heart failure in the general population: The rotterdam study. Eur Heart J, 2001, 22: 1318-1327.Mosterd A, Cost B, Hoes AW, de Bruijne MC, Deckers JW, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. The prognosis of heart failure in the general population: The rotterdam study. Eur Heart J, 2001, 22: 1318-1327.Cowie MR, Wood DA, Coats AJ, Thompson SG, Suresh V, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC. Survival of patients with a new diagnosis of heart failure: A population based study. Heart, 2000, 83: 505-510. 5. Агеев Ф.Т., Даниелян М.О., Мареев В.Ю. и др. Больные с хронической сердечной недостаточностью в российской амбулаторной практике: особенности контингента, диагностики и лечения (по материалам исследования ЭПОХА-О-ХСН). Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность. 2004, 5 (1): 4-7. / Ageev F.T., Danielyan M.O., Mareyev Y.V. et al. Patients with chronic heart failure in the Russian outpatient practice: group, diagnostic and treatment specifics (based on EPOCH OF CHF study). Serdechnaya Nedostatochnost. 2004, 5 (1): 4-7.Cowie MR, Wood DA, Coats AJ, Thompson SG, Suresh V, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC. Survival of patients with a new diagnosis of heart failure: A population based study. Heart, 2000, 83: 505-510. 5. Агеев Ф.Т., Даниелян М.О., Мареев В.Ю. и др. Больные с хронической сердечной недостаточностью в российской амбулаторной практике: особенности контингента, диагностики и лечения (по материалам исследования ЭПОХА-О-ХСН). Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность. 2004, 5 (1): 4-7. / Ageev F.T., Danielyan M.O., Mareyev Y.V. et al. Patients with chronic heart failure in the Russian outpatient practice: group, diagnostic and treatment specifics (based on EPOCH OF CHF study). Serdechnaya Nedostatochnost. 2004, 5 (1): 4-7.Агеев Ф.Т., Беленков Ю.Н., Фомин И.В. и др. Распространенность хронической сердечной недостаточности в Европейской части Российской Федерации – данные ЭПОХА-ХСН. Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность, 2006, 7(1): 112-115. / Ageev F.T., Belenkov Y.N., Fomin I.V. et al. Prevalence of chronic heart failure in the European part of the Russian Federation: data from the EPOCH OF CHF. Serdechnaya Nedostatochnost, 2006, 7(1): 112-115.Агеев Ф.Т., Беленков Ю.Н., Фомин И.В. и др. Распространенность хронической сердечной недостаточности в Европейской части Российской Федерации – данные ЭПОХА-ХСН. Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность, 2006, 7(1): 112-115. / Ageev F.T., Belenkov Y.N., Fomin I.V. et al. Prevalence of chronic heart failure in the European part of the Russian Federation: data from the EPOCH OF CHF. Serdechnaya Nedostatochnost, 2006, 7(1): 112-115.Фомин И.В. Артериальная гипертония в Российской Федерации – последние 10 лет. Что дальше? Сердце, 2007, 6(3): 1-6. / Fomin I.V. Arterial hypertension in the Russian Federation: the last 10 years. What’s next? Serdtse, 2007, 6(3): 1-6.Фомин И.В. Артериальная гипертония в Российской Федерации – последние 10 лет. Что дальше? Сердце, 2007, 6(3): 1-6. / Fomin I.V. Arterial hypertension in the Russian Federation: the last 10 years. What’s next? Serdtse, 2007, 6(3): 1-6.Chugh S, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation, 2014, 129: 837-47.Chugh S, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation, 2014, 129: 837-47.Lloyd-Jones D, Wang T, Leip E. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 2004, 110: 1042-6.Lloyd-Jones D, Wang T, Leip E. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 2004, 110: 1042-6.Benjamin E, Wolf P, D’Agostino R, Silbershatz H, Kannel W, Levy D. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 1998, 98: 946-52.Benjamin E, Wolf P, D’Agostino R, Silbershatz H, Kannel W, Levy D. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 1998, 98: 946-52.Wang T, Larson M, Levy D. Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 2003, 107: 2920-5.Wang T, Larson M, Levy D. Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 2003, 107: 2920-5.The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med, 1992, 327: 685-691.The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med, 1992, 327: 685-691.CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med, 1987, 316: 1429-1435.CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med, 1987, 316: 1429-1435.Gomez-Outes A, Terleira-Fernandez AI, Calvo-Rojas G, Suarez-Gea ML & Vargas- astrillon E. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban versus warfarinin patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of subgroups. Thrombosis, 2013, 2013: 640-723.Gomez-Outes A, Terleira-Fernandez AI, Calvo-Rojas G, Suarez-Gea ML & Vargas- astrillon E. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban versus warfarinin patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of subgroups. Thrombosis, 2013, 2013: 640-723.Maisel W, Stevenson L. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol, 2003 91(6A): 2D-8D.Maisel W, Stevenson L. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol, 2003 91(6A): 2D-8D.Savelieva I, John Camm A. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: natural history and pharmacological treatment. Europace, 2004, 5: S5-S19.Savelieva I, John Camm A. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: natural history and pharmacological treatment. Europace, 2004, 5: S5-S19.Heist E, Ruskin J. Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure: risk factors, mechanisms nd treatment. ProgCardiovasc Dis., 2006, 48: 256-269.Heist E, Ruskin J. Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure: risk factors, mechanisms nd treatment. ProgCardiovasc Dis., 2006, 48: 256-269.Anter E, Jessup M, Callans D. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Treatment considerations for a dual epidemic. Circulation, 2009, 119: 2516-2525.Anter E, Jessup M, Callans D. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Treatment considerations for a dual epidemic. Circulation, 2009, 119: 2516-2525.Sanoski C. Prevalence, pathogenesis, and impact of atrial fibrillation. Am J Health Syst Pharm., 2010, 67: S11-S16.Sanoski C. Prevalence, pathogenesis, and impact of atrial fibrillation. Am J Health Syst Pharm., 2010, 67: S11-S16.Potpara T, Stankovic G, Beleslin B. A12- yearfollow-upstudy of patients with newly diagnosed lone atrial fibrillation: implications of arrhythmia progression on prognosis: The Belgrade Atrial Fibrillation study. Chest, 2012, 141: 339-347.Potpara T, Stankovic G, Beleslin B. A12- yearfollow-upstudy of patients with newly diagnosed lone atrial fibrillation: implications of arrhythmia progression on prognosis: The Belgrade Atrial Fibrillation study. Chest, 2012, 141: 339-347.Badano L, Di Lenarda A, Bellotti P. Patients with chronic heart failure encountered in daily clinical practice are different from the “typical” patient enrolled in therapeutic trials. Ital Heart J, 2003 4: 84-91.22. Cleland J, Swedberg K, Follath F. The EuroHeart Failure survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Eur Heart J, 2003, 24: 442-463.Badano L, Di Lenarda A, Bellotti P. Patients with chronic heart failure encountered in daily clinical practice are different from the “typical” patient enrolled in therapeutic trials. Ital Heart J, 2003 4: 84-91.22. Cleland J, Swedberg K, Follath F. The EuroHeart Failure survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Eur Heart J, 2003, 24: 442-463.Nieminen M, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J, 2006, 27: 2725-2736.Nieminen M, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J, 2006, 27: 2725-2736.Maggioni A, Dahlström U, Filippatos G. EURObservational Research Programme: the heart failure pilot survey. Eur J Heart Fail, 2010, 12: 1076-1084.Maggioni A, Dahlström U, Filippatos G. EURObservational Research Programme: the heart failure pilot survey. Eur J Heart Fail, 2010, 12: 1076-1084.Pulignano G, Del Sindaco D, Tavazzi L. IN-CHF Investigators. Clinical features and outcomes of elderly outpatients with heart failure followed up in hospital cardiology units: data from a large nationwide cardiology database (IN-CHF Registry). Am Heart J, 2002, 143: 45-55.Pulignano G, Del Sindaco D, Tavazzi L. IN-CHF Investigators. Clinical features and outcomes of elderly outpatients with heart failure followed up in hospital cardiology units: data from a large nationwide cardiology database (IN-CHF Registry). Am Heart J, 2002, 143: 45-55.Muntwyler J, Cohen-Solal A, Freemantle N. Relation of sex, age and concomitant diseases to drug prescription for heart failure in primary care in Europe. Eur J Heart Fail, 2004, 6: 663-668.Muntwyler J, Cohen-Solal A, Freemantle N. Relation of sex, age and concomitant diseases to drug prescription for heart failure in primary care in Europe. Eur J Heart Fail, 2004, 6: 663-668.Yancy C, Fonarow G, Albert N. Adherence to guideline-recommended adjunctive heart failure therapies among outpatient cardiology practices (findings from IMPROVE HF). Am J Cardiol, 2010, 105: 255-260.Yancy C, Fonarow G, Albert N. Adherence to guideline-recommended adjunctive heart failure therapies among outpatient cardiology practices (findings from IMPROVE HF). Am J Cardiol, 2010, 105: 255-260.Tsutsui H, Tsuchihaschi-Makaya M, Kinugawa S. Characteristics and outcomes of patient with heart failure in general practices and hospitals – Japanese cardiac registry of heart failure in general practice (JCARE-GENERAL). Circ J, 2007, 71: 449-454.Tsutsui H, Tsuchihaschi-Makaya M, Kinugawa S. Characteristics and outcomes of patient with heart failure in general practices and hospitals – Japanese cardiac registry of heart failure in general practice (JCARE-GENERAL). Circ J, 2007, 71: 449-454.Lenzen M, Scholte op Reimer W, Boersma E. Differences between patients with a reserved and a depressed left ventricular function: a report from the EuroHeart Failure Survey. Eur Heart J, 2004, 25: 1214-20.Lenzen M, Scholte op Reimer W, Boersma E. Differences between patients with a reserved and a depressed left ventricular function: a report from the EuroHeart Failure Survey. Eur Heart J, 2004, 25: 1214-20.Yancy C, Lopatin M, Stevenson L, De Marco T, Fonarow G. Clinical presentation, management, and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved systolic function: a report from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) database. J Am CollCardiol, 2006, 47: 76-84.Yancy C, Lopatin M, Stevenson L, De Marco T, Fonarow G. Clinical presentation, management, and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved systolic function: a report from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) database. J Am CollCardiol, 2006, 47: 76-84.Nieuwlaat R, Eurlings L, Cleland J, Cobbe S, Vardas P, Capucci A, López-Sendòn J, Meeder J, Pinto Y, Crijns H. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure in cardiology practice: reciprocal impact and combined management from the perspective of atrial fibrillation: results of the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. J Am CollCardiol, 2009 May 5, 53(18): 1690-8.Nieuwlaat R, Eurlings L, Cleland J, Cobbe S, Vardas P, Capucci A, López-Sendòn J, Meeder J, Pinto Y, Crijns H. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure in cardiology practice: reciprocal impact and combined management from the perspective of atrial fibrillation: results of the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. J Am CollCardiol, 2009 May 5, 53(18): 1690-8.De Ferrari G, Klersy C, Ferrero P. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients: prevalence in daily practice and effect on the severity of symptoms. Data from the ALPHA study registry. Eur J Heart Fail, 2007, 9: 502-509.De Ferrari G, Klersy C, Ferrero P. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients: prevalence in daily practice and effect on the severity of symptoms. Data from the ALPHA study registry. Eur J Heart Fail, 2007, 9: 502-509.Hamaguchi S, Yokoshiki H, Kinugawa S. Effects of atrial fibrillation on longterm outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan – a report from the Japanese Cardiac Registry of heart failure in cardiology (JCARECARD). Circ J, 2009, 73: 2084-2090.Hamaguchi S, Yokoshiki H, Kinugawa S. Effects of atrial fibrillation on longterm outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan – a report from the Japanese Cardiac Registry of heart failure in cardiology (JCARECARD). Circ J, 2009, 73: 2084-2090.Rewiuk K, Wizner B, Fedyk-Łukasik M, Zdrojewski T, Opolski G, Dubiel J, Gąsowski J, Grodzicki T. Epidemiology and management of coexisting heart failure and atrial fibrillation in an outpatient setting. Pol Arch Med Wewn, 2011 Nov, 121(11): 392-9.Rewiuk K, Wizner B, Fedyk-Łukasik M, Zdrojewski T, Opolski G, Dubiel J, Gąsowski J, Grodzicki T. Epidemiology and management of coexisting heart failure and atrial fibrillation in an outpatient setting. Pol Arch Med Wewn, 2011 Nov, 121(11): 392-9.Ceia F, Fonseca C, Mota T. Aetiology, comorbitidy and drug therapy of chronic heart failure in the real world: the EPICA substudy. Eur J Heart Fail, 2004, 6: 801-806.Ceia F, Fonseca C, Mota T. Aetiology, comorbitidy and drug therapy of chronic heart failure in the real world: the EPICA substudy. Eur J Heart Fail, 2004, 6: 801-806.Baldasseroni S, Orso F, Fabbri G. Age-dependent prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation on outpatients with chronic heart failure: data from the Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure Registry. Cardiology, 2010, 116: 79-88.Baldasseroni S, Orso F, Fabbri G. Age-dependent prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation on outpatients with chronic heart failure: data from the Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure Registry. Cardiology, 2010, 116: 79-88.Sturm H, Haaijer-Ruskamp F, Veeger N. The relevance of comorbidities for heart failure treatment in primary care: a European survey. Eur Heart J, 2006, 8: 31-37.Sturm H, Haaijer-Ruskamp F, Veeger N. The relevance of comorbidities for heart failure treatment in primary care: a European survey. Eur Heart J, 2006, 8: 31-37.Терещенко С.Н., Жиров И.В., Романова Н.В., Осмоловская Ю.Ф., Голицын С.П. Первый Российский Регистр больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью и фибрилляцией предсердий (РИФ-ХСН): дизайн исследования. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии, 2015, 11(6): 577-581. / Tereschenko S.N., Zhirov I.V., Romanova N.V., Osmolovskaya Y.F., Golitsyn S.P. The first Russian register of patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation (RIF-CHF): study design. Ratsionalnaya Farmakoterapiya v Kardiologii, 2015, 11(6): 577-581.Терещенко С.Н., Жиров И.В., Романова Н.В., Осмоловская Ю.Ф., Голицын С.П. Первый Российский Регистр больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью и фибрилляцией предсердий (РИФ-ХСН): дизайн исследования. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии, 2015, 11(6): 577-581. / Tereschenko S.N., Zhirov I.V., Romanova N.V., Osmolovskaya Y.F., Golitsyn S.P. The first Russian register of patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation (RIF-CHF): study design. Ratsionalnaya Farmakoterapiya v Kardiologii, 2015, 11(6): 577-581.Lau YC, Lane DA, Lip GY. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a bad combination. Am J Cardiol, 2014, 113: 1196-1197.Lau YC, Lane DA, Lip GY. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a bad combination. Am J Cardiol, 2014, 113: 1196-1197.Swedberg K, Olsson LG, Charlesworth A, Cleland J, Hanrath P, Komajda M, Metra M, Torp- Pedersen C, Poole-Wilson P. Prognostic relevance of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure on long-term treatment with betablockers: results from COMET. Eur Heart J, 2005, 26: 1303-1308.Swedberg K, Olsson LG, Charlesworth A, Cleland J, Hanrath P, Komajda M, Metra M, Torp- Pedersen C, Poole-Wilson P. Prognostic relevance of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure on long-term treatment with betablockers: results from COMET. Eur Heart J, 2005, 26: 1303-1308.Hoppe UC, Casares JM, Eiskjaer H, Hagemann A, Cleland JGF, Freemantle N, Erdmann E. Effect of cardiac resynchronization on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe heart failure. Circulation, 2006, 114: 18-25.Hoppe UC, Casares JM, Eiskjaer H, Hagemann A, Cleland JGF, Freemantle N, Erdmann E. Effect of cardiac resynchronization on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe heart failure. Circulation, 2006, 114: 18-25.Lip GYH, Laroche C, Popescu MI, Rasmussen LH, Laura Vitali-Serdoz, Gheorghe-Andrei Dan, ZbigniewKalarus, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Mario M. Oliveira, Luigi Tavazzi, Aldo P. Maggioni. Heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the URObservational Research Programme Pilot survey on Atrial Fibrillation. European Journal of Heart Failure, 2015, 17: 570-582.Lip GYH, Laroche C, Popescu MI, Rasmussen LH, Laura Vitali-Serdoz, Gheorghe-Andrei Dan, ZbigniewKalarus, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Mario M. Oliveira, Luigi Tavazzi, Aldo P. Maggioni. Heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the URObservational Research Programme Pilot survey on Atrial Fibrillation. European Journal of Heart Failure, 2015, 17: 570-582.Zakeri R, Borlaug BA, McNulty SE, Mohammed SF, Lewis GD, Semigran MJ et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on exercise capacity in heart failure with preservedejection fraction: a RELAX trial ancillary study. Circ Heart Fail, 2014, 7: 123-30.Zakeri R, Borlaug BA, McNulty SE, Mohammed SF, Lewis GD, Semigran MJ et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on exercise capacity in heart failure with preservedejection fraction: a RELAX trial ancillary study. Circ Heart Fail, 2014, 7: 123-30.Kakkar A, Mueller I, Bassand J, Fitzmaurice D, Goldhaber S, Goto S et al. GARFIELD Registry Investigators. Risk profiles and antithrombotic treatment of patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke: perspectives from the international, observational, prospective GARFIELD registry. PLoS One, 2013 May 21, 8(5): e63479.Kakkar A, Mueller I, Bassand J, Fitzmaurice D, Goldhaber S, Goto S et al. GARFIELD Registry Investigators. Risk profiles and antithrombotic treatment of patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke: perspectives from the international, observational, prospective GARFIELD registry. PLoS One, 2013 May 21, 8(5): e63479.Nelson WW, Choi JC, Vanderpoel J, Damaraju CV, Wildgoose P, Fields LE, Schein JR. Impact of comorbidities and patient characteristics on international normalized ratio control over time in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol, 2013, 112: 509-512.Nelson WW, Choi JC, Vanderpoel J, Damaraju CV, Wildgoose P, Fields LE, Schein JR. Impact of comorbidities and patient characteristics on international normalized ratio control over time in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol, 2013, 112: 509-512.Xiong Q, Lau YC, Senoo K, Lane DA, Hong K, Lip GY. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Heart Fail, 2015 Nov, 17(11): 1192-200.Xiong Q, Lau YC, Senoo K, Lane DA, Hong K, Lip GY. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Heart Fail, 2015 Nov, 17(11): 1192-200.Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 2011 Sep 15, 365(11): 981-92.Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 2011 Sep 15, 365(11): 981-92.McMurray JJ, Ezekowitz JA, Lewis BS, Gersh BJ, van Diepen S, Amerena J et al. ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure, and the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Circ Heart Fail? 2013 May, 6(3): 451-60.McMurray JJ, Ezekowitz JA, Lewis BS, Gersh BJ, van Diepen S, Amerena J et al. ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure, and the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Circ Heart Fail? 2013 May, 6(3): 451-60.Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J, 2016 May 20.Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J, 2016 May 20.Corley SD, Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Domanski MJ, Geller N, Greene HL et al. Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Circulation, 2004, 109: 509-13.Corley SD, Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Domanski MJ, Geller N, Greene HL et al. Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Circulation, 2004, 109: 509-13.Ionescu-Ittu R, Abrahamowicz M, Jackevicius CA, Essebag V, Eisenberg MJ, Wynant W et al. Comparative effectiveness of rhythm control vs rate control drug treatment effect on mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med, 2012, 172: 997-1004.Ionescu-Ittu R, Abrahamowicz M, Jackevicius CA, Essebag V, Eisenberg MJ, Wynant W et al. Comparative effectiveness of rhythm control vs rate control drug treatment effect on mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med, 2012, 172: 997-1004.Li S-J, Sartipy U, Lund LH, Dahlstro¨m U, Adiels M, Petzold M, Fu M. Prognostic significance of resting heart rate and use of b-blockers in atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: findings from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Circ Heart Fail, 2015, 8: 871-879.Li S-J, Sartipy U, Lund LH, Dahlstro¨m U, Adiels M, Petzold M, Fu M. Prognostic significance of resting heart rate and use of b-blockers in atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: findings from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Circ Heart Fail, 2015, 8: 871-879.Lip GY, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JR, Le Heuzey JY. European Heart Rhythm Association/ Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Eur J Heart Fail, 2015 Sep, 17: 848-874.Lip GY, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JR, Le Heuzey JY. European Heart Rhythm Association/ Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Eur J Heart Fail, 2015 Sep, 17: 848-874.Rienstra M, Damman K, Mulder B. Beta- Blockers and Outcome in Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation. A Meta-Analysis. JCHF, 2013, 1(1): 21-28.Rienstra M, Damman K, Mulder B. Beta- Blockers and Outcome in Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation. A Meta-Analysis. JCHF, 2013, 1(1): 21-28.Kotecha D, Holmes J, Krum H, Altman D, Manzano L. Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet, 2014, S0140-6736(14): 61373-8.Kotecha D, Holmes J, Krum H, Altman D, Manzano L. Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet, 2014, S0140-6736(14): 61373-8.Van Gelder I, Groenveld H, Crijns H. Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362: 1363-73.Van Gelder I, Groenveld H, Crijns H. Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362: 1363-73.Daoud E, Weiss R, Bahu M. Effect of an irregular ventricular rhythm on cardiac output. Am J Cardiol, 1996, 78: 1433-6.Daoud E, Weiss R, Bahu M. Effect of an irregular ventricular rhythm on cardiac output. Am J Cardiol, 1996, 78: 1433-6.Whitbeck M, Charnigo R, Khairy P, Ziada K, Bailey A, Zegarra M et al. Increased mortality among patients taking digoxin–analysis from the AFFIRM study. Eur Heart J, 2013, 34(20): 1481-8.Whitbeck M, Charnigo R, Khairy P, Ziada K, Bailey A, Zegarra M et al. Increased mortality among patients taking digoxin–analysis from the AFFIRM study. Eur Heart J, 2013, 34(20): 1481-8.Køber L, Swedberg K, McMurray J, Pfeffer M, Velazquez E, Diaz R et al. Previously nown and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: a major risk indicator after a myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail, 2006, 8: 591-598.Køber L, Swedberg K, McMurray J, Pfeffer M, Velazquez E, Diaz R et al. Previously nown and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: a major risk indicator after a myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail, 2006, 8: 591-598.Gheorghiade M, Fonarow G, van Veldhuisen D. Lack of evidence of increased mortality mong patients with atrial fibrillation taking digoxin: findings from post hoc propensity- matched analysis of the AFFIRM trial. Eur Heart J, 2013, 34(20): 1489-97.Gheorghiade M, Fonarow G, van Veldhuisen D. Lack of evidence of increased mortality mong patients with atrial fibrillation taking digoxin: findings from post hoc propensity- matched analysis of the AFFIRM trial. Eur Heart J, 2013, 34(20): 1489-97.Жиров И.В., Романова Н.В., Терещенко С.Н., Осмоловская Ю.Ф. Эпидемиология и особенности терапии хронической сердечной недостаточности в сочетании с ибрилляцией предсердий. Кардиология, 2015, 3: 91-96. / Zhirov I.V., Romanova N.V., Tereschenko S.N., Osmolovskaya Y.F. Epidemiology and characteristics of therapy of chronic heart failure in combination with atrial fibrillation. Kardiologiya, 2015, 3: 91-96.Жиров И.В., Романова Н.В., Терещенко С.Н., Осмоловская Ю.Ф. Эпидемиология и особенности терапии хронической сердечной недостаточности в сочетании с ибрилляцией предсердий. Кардиология, 2015, 3: 91-96. / Zhirov I.V., Romanova N.V., Tereschenko S.N., Osmolovskaya Y.F. Epidemiology and characteristics of therapy of chronic heart failure in combination with atrial fibrillation. Kardiologiya, 2015, 3: 91-96.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.