<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2016-17-38-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-1579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Терапия постинсультных когнитивных нарушений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Therapy of poststroke cognitive impairment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>17</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Емелин А.Ю., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Емелин А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Emelin A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1579">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1579</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены основные вопросы этиологии и патогенеза постинсультных сосудистых когнитивных нарушений. Представлены исторические этапы формирования концепции постинсультной деменции. Обсуждены подходы к профилактике и терапевтической коррекции постинсультных когнитивных нарушений. Рассмотрены возможности нейротрофической терапии на примере цитиколина. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main issues of poststroke cognitive impairment’s etiology and pathogenesis are considered in this article. Historical stages of the poststroke dementia definition are presented. Approaches to prevention and therapeutic correction of poststroke cognitive impairment are discussed. Opportunities of neurotrophic therapy by the example of citicoline are considered. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>постинсультные когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>постинсультная деменция</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>цитиколин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>poststroke cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>poststroke dementia</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>citicoline</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferri C et al. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet, 2005, 366(9503): 2112-2117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferri C et al. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet, 2005, 366(9503): 2112-2117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iemolo F et al. Pathophysiology of vascular dementia. Immun Ageing, 2009, 6: 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iemolo F et al. Pathophysiology of vascular dementia. Immun Ageing, 2009, 6: 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емелин А.Ю. Когнитивные нарушения при цереброваскулярной болезни. Неврология. Нейропсихиатрия. Психосоматика, 2014, 4: 11-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Емелин А.Ю. Когнитивные нарушения при цереброваскулярной болезни. Неврология. Нейропсихиатрия. Психосоматика, 2014, 4: 11-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jellinger K. Morphologic diagnosis of «vascular dementia» – a critical update. J. Neurol. Sci., 2008, 270(1–2): 1-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jellinger K. Morphologic diagnosis of «vascular dementia» – a critical update. J. Neurol. Sci., 2008, 270(1–2): 1-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomlinson B, Blessed G, Roth M. Observations on the brains of demented old people. J. Neurol. Sci., 1970, 11(3): 205-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomlinson B, Blessed G, Roth M. Observations on the brains of demented old people. J. Neurol. Sci., 1970, 11(3): 205-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hachinski V, Lassen N, Marshall J. Multi-infarct dementia. A case of mental deterioration in the elderly. Lancet, 1974, 2(7874): 207-210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hachinski V, Lassen N, Marshall J. Multi-infarct dementia. A case of mental deterioration in the elderly. Lancet, 1974, 2(7874): 207-210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatemichi T et al. Cognitive impairment after stroke: frequency, patterns, and relationship to functional abilities. J. neurol. neurosurg. psychiatry, 1994, 57(2): 202-207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatemichi T et al. Cognitive impairment after stroke: frequency, patterns, and relationship to functional abilities. J. neurol. neurosurg. psychiatry, 1994, 57(2): 202-207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorelick P et al. Risk factors for dementia associated with multiple cerebral infarcts: a case– control analysis in predominantly African– American hospital–based patients. Arch. Neurol., 1993, 50(7): 714-720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorelick P et al. Risk factors for dementia associated with multiple cerebral infarcts: a case– control analysis in predominantly African– American hospital–based patients. Arch. Neurol., 1993, 50(7): 714-720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivan C et al. Dementia after stroke. The Framing ham Study. Stroke, 2004, 35(6): 1264-1268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivan C et al. Dementia after stroke. The Framing ham Study. Stroke, 2004, 35(6): 1264-1268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Censori B et al. Dementia after first stroke. Stroke, 1996, 27(7): 1205-1210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Censori B et al. Dementia after first stroke. Stroke, 1996, 27(7): 1205-1210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pohjasvaara T et al. Dementia three months after stroke: baseline frequency and effect of different definitions of dementia in the Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory Study (SAM) cohort. Stroke, 1997, 28(4): 785-792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pohjasvaara T et al. Dementia three months after stroke: baseline frequency and effect of different definitions of dementia in the Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory Study (SAM) cohort. Stroke, 1997, 28(4): 785-792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leys D et al. Poststroke dementia. Neurology, 2005, 4(Is.11): 752-759.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leys D et al. Poststroke dementia. Neurology, 2005, 4(Is.11): 752-759.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breteler M еt al. Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam Study. BMJ, 1994, 308(6944): 1604-1608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breteler M еt al. Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam Study. BMJ, 1994, 308(6944): 1604-1608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altieri M et al. Delayed poststroke dementia A 4-year follow-up study. Neurology, 2004, 62: 2193-2197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altieri M et al. Delayed poststroke dementia A 4-year follow-up study. Neurology, 2004, 62: 2193-2197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емелин А.Ю. и др. Постинсультные расстройства когнитивных функций (клинико-нейровизуализационное исследование). Неврология. Нейропсихиатрия. Психосоматика, Специ- альный выпуск: Инсульт, 2013, 2: 9-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Емелин А.Ю. и др. Постинсультные расстройства когнитивных функций (клинико-нейровизуализационное исследование). Неврология. Нейропсихиатрия. Психосоматика, Специ- альный выпуск: Инсульт, 2013, 2: 9-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hénon H et al. Poststroke dementia. Incidence and relationship to prestroke cognitive decline / H. Hénon. Neurology, 2001, 57(7): 1216-1222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hénon H et al. Poststroke dementia. Incidence and relationship to prestroke cognitive decline / H. Hénon. Neurology, 2001, 57(7): 1216-1222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbott R et al. Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA, 2004, 292(12): 1447-1453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbott R et al. Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA, 2004, 292(12): 1447-1453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan A et al. Efficacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: a 1-year, open-label pilot study with an 16-month caregiver extension. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen.,– 2008, 23(6): 571-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan A et al. Efficacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease: a 1-year, open-label pilot study with an 16-month caregiver extension. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen.,– 2008, 23(6): 571-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scrameas N et al. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer`s disease. Ann. Neurol., 2006, 59(6): 877-879.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scrameas N et al. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer`s disease. Ann. Neurol., 2006, 59(6): 877-879.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forette F et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double–blind placebo–controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst–Eur) trial. Lancet, 1998, 352: 1347-1351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forette F et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double–blind placebo–controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst–Eur) trial. Lancet, 1998, 352: 1347-1351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tzourio C et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch. Intern. Med., 2003, 163(9): 1069-1075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tzourio C et al. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch. Intern. Med., 2003, 163(9): 1069-1075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erkinjuntti T et al. Emerging Therapies for Vascular Dementia and Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Stroke, 2004, 35: 1010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erkinjuntti T et al. Emerging Therapies for Vascular Dementia and Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Stroke, 2004, 35: 1010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mellon L et al.Cognitive impairment six months after ischaemic stroke: a profile from the ASPIRE-S study. BMC Neurol., 2015, 15(1): 288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mellon L et al.Cognitive impairment six months after ischaemic stroke: a profile from the ASPIRE-S study. BMC Neurol., 2015, 15(1): 288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winblad B et al. Therapeutic use of nicergoline. Clin Drug Investig, 2008, 28(9): 533-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winblad B et al. Therapeutic use of nicergoline. Clin Drug Investig, 2008, 28(9): 533-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pantoni, L. Treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from trials with non-cholinergic drugs. J Neurol Sci., 2004, 226(1–2): 67-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pantoni, L. Treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from trials with non-cholinergic drugs. J Neurol Sci., 2004, 226(1–2): 67-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Bars P et al. A placebo–controlled, double– blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. JAMA, 1997, 278: 1327-1332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Bars P et al. A placebo–controlled, double– blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. JAMA, 1997, 278: 1327-1332.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkinson D et al. Donepezil in vascular dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurology, 2003, 61(4): 479-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkinson D et al. Donepezil in vascular dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurology, 2003, 61(4): 479-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craig D, Birks J. Galantamine for vascular cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, 25(1): CD004746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craig D, Birks J. Galantamine for vascular cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006, 25(1): CD004746.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballard C et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in patients with probable vascular dementia: the VantagE study. Curr. Med. Res Opin., 2008, 9: 2561-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballard C et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in patients with probable vascular dementia: the VantagE study. Curr. Med. Res Opin., 2008, 9: 2561-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orgogozo J-M et al. Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial (MMM 300). Stroke, 2002, 33: 1834-1839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orgogozo J-M et al. Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial (MMM 300). Stroke, 2002, 33: 1834-1839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005, 18(2): CD000269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005, 18(2): CD000269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grieb P. Neuroprotective Properties of Citicoline: Facts, Doubts and Unresolved Issues. CNS Drugs, 2014, 28(3): 185-193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grieb P. Neuroprotective Properties of Citicoline: Facts, Doubts and Unresolved Issues. CNS Drugs, 2014, 28(3): 185-193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Secades J, Lorenzo J. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 2006, 28(Suppl. B): 1-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Secades J, Lorenzo J. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 2006, 28(Suppl. B): 1-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conant R, Schauss AG. Therapeutic Applications of Citicoline for Stroke and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Review of the Literature. Alternative Medicine Review, 2004, 9(1): 17-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conant R, Schauss AG. Therapeutic Applications of Citicoline for Stroke and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Review of the Literature. Alternative Medicine Review, 2004, 9(1): 17-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Overgaard K. The Effects of Citicoline on Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2014, 23(7): 1764-1769.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Overgaard K. The Effects of Citicoline on Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2014, 23(7): 1764-1769.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amenta F, Tullio MDi, Tomassoni D.The cholinergic approach for the treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Clin. Exp. Hypertens., 2002, 24: 697-713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amenta F, Tullio MDi, Tomassoni D.The cholinergic approach for the treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Clin. Exp. Hypertens., 2002, 24: 697-713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez-Sabin J, Roman G. Citicoline in vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia after stroke. Stroke, 2011, 42(Suppl. 1): 40-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarez-Sabin J, Roman G. Citicoline in vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia after stroke. Stroke, 2011, 42(Suppl. 1): 40-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez X et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer’s disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 1999, 9: 633-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarez X et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer’s disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 1999, 9: 633-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clark W et al. A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurology, 1997, 49: 671-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clark W et al. A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurology, 1997, 49: 671-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dаvalos A. et al. Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: an individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials. Stroke, 2002, 33: 2850-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dаvalos A. et al. Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: an individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials. Stroke, 2002, 33: 2850-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А., Фатеева Т.Г., Косивцова О.В. Клинический опыт применения Цераксона при ишемическом инсульте. Неврология. Нейропсихиатрия. Психосоматика, 2010, 3: 67-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов В.А., Фатеева Т.Г., Косивцова О.В. Клинический опыт применения Цераксона при ишемическом инсульте. Неврология. Нейропсихиатрия. Психосоматика, 2010, 3: 67-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dávalos A et al. Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). Lancet, 2012, 380(9839): 349-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dávalos A et al. Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). Lancet, 2012, 380(9839): 349-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cotroneo A et al. Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study. Clin. Interv. Aging., 2013, 8: 131-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cotroneo A et al. Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study. Clin. Interv. Aging., 2013, 8: 131-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
