<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2017-0-6-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-1653</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОГНИТИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ И ДЕМЕНЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КОГНИТИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ И ИХ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ПРИ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COGNITIVE DISORDERS AND THEIR TREATMENT IN HYPERTENSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Prof.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахнина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhnina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in medicine</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Prof.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1S</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров В.В., Вахнина Н.В., Парфенов В.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.В., Вахнина Н.В., Парфенов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.V., Vakhnina N.V., Parfenov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1653">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1653</self-uri><abstract><p>Головной мозг является одним из закономерных органов-мишеней артериальной гипертензии (АГ). По данным многочисленных исследований, наиболее ранний и частый признак поражения головного мозга при АГ – когнитивные нарушения (КН). Обычно они носят подкорково-лобный характер, что выражается в уменьшении темпа познавательной деятельности, колебаниях концентрации внимания, недостаточности планирования и контроля, умеренных нарушениях памяти и конструктивного праксиса. Развитие более выраженных и прогрессирующих мнестических расстройств, недостаточность номинативной функции речи может указывать на присоединение сопутствующего нейродегенеративного процесса, риск которого при АГ также повышен. Своевременное начало и корректное лечение основного заболевания достоверно уменьшает вероятность прогрессирования КН у пациентов с АГ. Для профилактики прогрессирования КН также активно используются немедикаментозные методы, такие как когнитивный тренинг, систематические физические упражнения, оптимизация питания. Медикаментозное лечение включает нейрометаболические препараты с нейропротективными и нейротрофическими свойствами (Церебролизин и др.), мемантин, ингибиторы ацетилхолинэстеразы и некоторые другие лекарственные средства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The brain is one of the natural target organs of arterial hypertension (AH). According to the data of numerous studies, the most early and common signs of brain damage in hypertension is cognitive disorder (CD). These are usually subcorticalfrontal in nature, which is expressed in reducing the rate of cognitive activity, fluctuations of concentration, lack of planning and control, moderate memory impairment and constructive praxis. Development of more severe and progressive mental disorders, lack of nominative speech function may indicate the accession of a concomitant neurodegenerative process, the risk of which in hypertension is increased as well. Early and correct treatment of the underlying disease significantly reduces the probability of CD progression in patients with hypertension. For the prevention of CD progression non-pharmacological methods are widely used such as cognitive training, systematic exercise, optimization of diet. Medication includes neurometabolic drugs with neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties (Cerebrolysin, etc.), memantine, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and some other drugs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нейрометаболическая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>cognitive disorders</kwd><kwd>neurometabolic therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуковский Г.С., Константинов В.В., Варламова Т.А. и соавт. Артериальная гипертензия: эпидемиологическая ситуация в России и других странах. РМЖ, 1997, 9: 551-558.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Жуковский Г.С., Константинов В.В., Варламова Т.А. и соавт. Артериальная гипертензия: эпидемиологическая ситуация в России и других странах. РМЖ, 1997, 9: 551-558.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Longstreth W, Bernick C, Manolio TA et al. Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: cardiovascular health study. Arch Neurol, 1998, 55: 1217-1225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Longstreth W, Bernick C, Manolio TA et al. Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: cardiovascular health study. Arch Neurol, 1998, 55: 1217-1225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Желтищев Р.Р., Камчатнов П.Р., Михайлова Н.А., Иващенко Р.А. Распространенность и факторы риска асимптомного инфаркта головного мозга. Клиницист, 2015, 1: 13-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Желтищев Р.Р., Камчатнов П.Р., Михайлова Н.А., Иващенко Р.А. Распространенность и факторы риска асимптомного инфаркта головного мозга. Клиницист, 2015, 1: 13-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basile AM, Pantoni L, Pracucci G et al. Age, hypertension, and lacunar stroke are the major determinants of the severity of age-related white matter changes. The LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability in the Elderly). Study Cerebrovasc Dis, 2006, 21(5–6): 315-322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basile AM, Pantoni L, Pracucci G et al. Age, hypertension, and lacunar stroke are the major determinants of the severity of age-related white matter changes. The LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability in the Elderly). Study Cerebrovasc Dis, 2006, 21(5–6): 315-322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skoog I, Anreasson LA, Landahl S et al. A population-based study on blood pressure and brain atrophy in 85-year-olds. Hypertension, 1998, 32(3): 404-409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoog I, Anreasson LA, Landahl S et al. A population-based study on blood pressure and brain atrophy in 85-year-olds. Hypertension, 1998, 32(3): 404-409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S. Lancet. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet, 1996, 347: 1141-1145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S. Lancet. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet, 1996, 347: 1141-1145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging, 2000, 21: 49-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging, 2000, 21: 49-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruitenberg A, Skoog I, Ott A et al. Blood pressure and risk of dementia: the risk of Rotterdam study and the Gettherburg H-70 study. Dementia Geriatr Cogn Disorders, 2001, 12(1): 33-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruitenberg A, Skoog I, Ott A et al. Blood pressure and risk of dementia: the risk of Rotterdam study and the Gettherburg H-70 study. Dementia Geriatr Cogn Disorders, 2001, 12(1): 33-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso M et al. Middle life vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal population based study. Br Med J, 2001, 322: 1447-1451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso M et al. Middle life vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal population based study. Br Med J, 2001, 322: 1447-1451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старчина Ю.А., Парфенов В.А., Чазова И.Е. и соавт. Когнитивные расстройства у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. Журнал неврологии</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Старчина Ю.А., Парфенов В.А., Чазова И.Е. и соавт. Когнитивные расстройства у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. Журнал неврологии</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова, 2008, 4: 19-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова, 2008, 4: 19-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А., Старчина Ю.А. Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией – начальные проявления сосудистой патологии головного мозга. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика, 2011, 1: 27-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов В.А., Старчина Ю.А. Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией – начальные проявления сосудистой патологии головного мозга. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика, 2011, 1: 27-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А., Захаров В.В., Преображенская И.С. Когнитивные расстройства. М.: «Ремедиум», 2014. 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов В.А., Захаров В.В., Преображенская И.С. Когнитивные расстройства. М.: «Ремедиум», 2014. 192 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно Н.Н., Захаров В.В., Локшина А.Б., Коберская Н.Н., Мхитарян Э.А. Деменции. Практическое руководство для врачей. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2010. 272 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно Н.Н., Захаров В.В., Локшина А.Б., Коберская Н.Н., Мхитарян Э.А. Деменции. Практическое руководство для врачей. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2010. 272 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Преображенская И.С., Яхно Н.Н. Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения: клинические проявления, диагностика, лечение. Неврологический журнал, 2007, 12(5): 45-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Преображенская И.С., Яхно Н.Н. Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения: клинические проявления, диагностика, лечение. Неврологический журнал, 2007, 12(5): 45-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.В., Вознесенская Т.Г. Нервно-психические нарушения: диагностические тесты. М.: МЕДпресс. 2013. 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захаров В.В., Вознесенская Т.Г. Нервно-психические нарушения: диагностические тесты. М.: МЕДпресс. 2013. 320 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.В., Яхно Н.Н. Нарушения памяти. Москва: ГеотарМед. 2003. С. 150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захаров В.В., Яхно Н.Н. Нарушения памяти. Москва: ГеотарМед. 2003. С. 150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенская Т.Г. Некогнитивные нервно-психические расстройства при когнитивных нарушениях в пожилом возрасте. Неврологический журнал, 2010, 2: 4-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вознесенская Т.Г. Некогнитивные нервно-психические расстройства при когнитивных нарушениях в пожилом возрасте. Неврологический журнал, 2010, 2: 4-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вознесенская Т.Г. Депрессия при цереброваскулярных заболеваниях. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2009, 2: 9-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вознесенская Т.Г. Депрессия при цереброваскулярных заболеваниях. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2009, 2: 9-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexopoulos GS, Meners BS, Young RC et al. Clinically defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry, 1997, 9: 22-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexopoulos GS, Meners BS, Young RC et al. Clinically defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry, 1997, 9: 22-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexopoulos GS, Meners BS, Young RC et al. «Vascular depression» hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1997, 54: 915–922.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexopoulos GS, Meners BS, Young RC et al. «Vascular depression» hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1997, 54: 915–922.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnan KRR, Hays JC, Blazer DG. MRI-defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry, 1997, 154: 497-501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnan KRR, Hays JC, Blazer DG. MRI-defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry, 1997, 154: 497-501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно Н.Н., Левин О.С., Дамулин И.В. Сопоставление клинических и МРТ-данных при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Сообщение 1: двигательные нарушения. Неврологический журнал, 2001, 6(2): 10-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно Н.Н., Левин О.С., Дамулин И.В. Сопоставление клинических и МРТ-данных при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Сообщение 1: двигательные нарушения. Неврологический журнал, 2001, 6(2): 10-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брыжахина В.Г., Дамулин И.В. Статолоко-моторные нарушения у пожилых больных с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией и деменцией. Вестн. практ. неврологии, 2003, 7: 17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брыжахина В.Г., Дамулин И.В. Статолоко-моторные нарушения у пожилых больных с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией и деменцией. Вестн. практ. неврологии, 2003, 7: 17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брыжахина В.Г., Дамулин И.В., Яхно Н.Н. Нарушения ходьбы и равновесия при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Сообщение 1. Неврологический журнал, 2004, 9(2): 11-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брыжахина В.Г., Дамулин И.В., Яхно Н.Н. Нарушения ходьбы и равновесия при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Сообщение 1. Неврологический журнал, 2004, 9(2): 11-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дамулин И.В., Брыжахина В.Г., Шашкова Е.В., Яхно Н.Н. Нарушения ходьбы и равновесия при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Сообщение 2. Клинико-морфологические и МРТ сопоставления. Неврологический журнал, 2004, 9(4): 13-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дамулин И.В., Брыжахина В.Г., Шашкова Е.В., Яхно Н.Н. Нарушения ходьбы и равновесия при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Сообщение 2. Клинико-морфологические и МРТ сопоставления. Неврологический журнал, 2004, 9(4): 13-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso M et al. Middle life vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal population based study. Br Med J, 2001, 322: 1447-1451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso M et al. Middle life vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal population based study. Br Med J, 2001, 322: 1447-1451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA et al. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer’s disease. The Nun Study. JAMA, 1997, 277(10): 813-817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA et al. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer’s disease. The Nun Study. JAMA, 1997, 277(10): 813-817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно Н.Н., Захаров В.В., Локшина А.Б. Синдром умеренных когнитивных нарушений при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Журнал неврол психиатр, 2005, 105(2): 13-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно Н.Н., Захаров В.В., Локшина А.Б. Синдром умеренных когнитивных нарушений при дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии. Журнал неврол психиатр, 2005, 105(2): 13-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ et al. Duration of antihypertensive drug use and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study. Neurology, 2009, 72: 1727-1234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ et al. Duration of antihypertensive drug use and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study. Neurology, 2009, 72: 1727-1234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perila R, White LR, Masaki K et al. Reducing the risk of dementia: efficacy of long term treatment of hypertension. Stroke, 2006, 37: 1165-1170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perila R, White LR, Masaki K et al. Reducing the risk of dementia: efficacy of long term treatment of hypertension. Stroke, 2006, 37: 1165-1170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Zhu L et al. Occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and older: relationship of antihypertensive medication use. Arch Neurol, 1999, 56: 991-996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Zhu L et al. Occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and older: relationship of antihypertensive medication use. Arch Neurol, 1999, 56: 991-996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketos CG et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol, 2006, 63: 686-692.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketos CG et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol, 2006, 63: 686-692.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qui C, von Strauss E, Fastbom J et al. Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungholmen study: a 6 years follow-up study. Arch Neurol, 2003, 60: 223-228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qui C, von Strauss E, Fastbom J et al. Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungholmen study: a 6 years follow-up study. Arch Neurol, 2003, 60: 223-228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veld BA, Ruitenberg A, Hofman A et al. Antihyper tensive drugs and incidence of dementia in the Rotterdam study. Neurobiol. Aging., 2001, 22: 407-412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veld BA, Ruitenberg A, Hofman A et al. Antihyper tensive drugs and incidence of dementia in the Rotterdam study. Neurobiol. Aging., 2001, 22: 407-412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian study of health and aging. Am J Epidemiol, 2002, 152: 445-456.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian study of health and aging. Am J Epidemiol, 2002, 152: 445-456.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris MC, Scherr PA, Hebert LE et al. Association of incident Alzheimer’s disease and blood pressure measured from 1еyears after diagnosis in the large community study. Arch Neurol, 2001: 1640-1646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris MC, Scherr PA, Hebert LE et al. Association of incident Alzheimer’s disease and blood pressure measured from 1еyears after diagnosis in the large community study. Arch Neurol, 2001: 1640-1646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA et al. Preven tion of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet, 1998, 352: 1347–1351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA et al. Preven tion of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet, 1998, 352: 1347–1351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N et al. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indap-amide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med, 2003, 163: 1069–1075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N et al. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indap-amide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med, 2003, 163: 1069–1075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SHEP Cooperative Research group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertention.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SHEP Cooperative Research group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertention.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diener HC, Sacco RL, Yusuf S et al. Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) Study Group. Effects of aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel and telmisartan on disability and cognitive function after recurrent stroke in patients with ischaemic stroke in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial: a double-blind, active and placebo controlled study. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7: 875–884.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diener HC, Sacco RL, Yusuf S et al. Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) Study Group. Effects of aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel and telmisartan on disability and cognitive function after recurrent stroke in patients with ischaemic stroke in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial: a double-blind, active and placebo controlled study. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7: 875–884.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I et al. SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a ran-domized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens, 2003, 21: 875–886.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I et al. SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a ran-domized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens, 2003, 21: 875–886.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F et al. HYVET Investigators. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7: 683–689.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F et al. HYVET Investigators. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7: 683–689.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL et al. PRoFESS Study Group. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359: 1225–1237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL et al. PRoFESS Study Group. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359: 1225–1237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чазова И.Е., Ратова Л.Г., Бойцов С.А., Нибериедзе Д.В. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии. Рекомендации Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертензии и Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов. Системные гипертензии, 2010, 3: 5-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чазова И.Е., Ратова Л.Г., Бойцов С.А., Нибериедзе Д.В. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии. Рекомендации Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертензии и Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов. Системные гипертензии, 2010, 3: 5-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scrameas N, Stern Y, Tang MX et al. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol, 2006, 59(6): 877-879.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scrameas N, Stern Y, Tang MX et al. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol, 2006, 59(6): 877-879.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solfrizzi V, Colacicco AM, D’Inttrono A et al. Dietary intake of unsaturated fatty acids and age-related cognitive decline : a 8,5 year follow-up of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurobiol Aging, 2006, 27(11): 1694-1704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solfrizzi V, Colacicco AM, D’Inttrono A et al. Dietary intake of unsaturated fatty acids and age-related cognitive decline : a 8,5 year follow-up of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurobiol Aging, 2006, 27(11): 1694-1704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbott RD, White RD, Ross GW et al. Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA, 2004, 292(12): 1447-1453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbott RD, White RD, Ross GW et al. Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA, 2004, 292(12): 1447-1453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laurin D, Verreault R, Linsay J et al. Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol, 2001, 58(3): 498-504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laurin D, Verreault R, Linsay J et al. Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol, 2001, 58(3): 498-504.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rovio S, Kareholt I, Helkala EL et al. Leisure-time physi cal activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol, 2005, 4(11): 705-711.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rovio S, Kareholt I, Helkala EL et al. Leisure-time physi cal activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol, 2005, 4(11): 705-711.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker LD, Frank LL, Foster-Schubert K et al. Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial. Arch Neurol, 2010, 67: 71–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker LD, Frank LL, Foster-Schubert K et al. Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial. Arch Neurol, 2010, 67: 71–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clare L, Woods RT, Moniz Cook ED et al. Cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive training for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003, 4: CD003260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clare L, Woods RT, Moniz Cook ED et al. Cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive training for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003, 4: CD003260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quayhagen MP, Quayhagen M, Corbeil RR et al. Coping with dementia: evaluation of four non-pharmacologic interventions. Int Psychogeriatr, 2000, 12: 249–265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quayhagen MP, Quayhagen M, Corbeil RR et al. Coping with dementia: evaluation of four non-pharmacologic interventions. Int Psychogeriatr, 2000, 12: 249–265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomized control trial. Lancet, 2015, 385(9984): 2255-2263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomized control trial. Lancet, 2015, 385(9984): 2255-2263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roman GC, Wilkinson DG, Doody RS et al. Donepezil in vascular dementia: combined analysis of two large-scale clinical trials. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2005, 20: 338–344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roman GC, Wilkinson DG, Doody RS et al. Donepezil in vascular dementia: combined analysis of two large-scale clinical trials. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2005, 20: 338–344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auchus AP, Brashear HR, Salloway S et al. GAL-INT-26 Study Group. Galantamine treatment of vascular dementia: a randomized trial. Neurology, 2007, 69: 448–458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auchus AP, Brashear HR, Salloway S et al. GAL-INT-26 Study Group. Galantamine treatment of vascular dementia: a randomized trial. Neurology, 2007, 69: 448–458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballard C, Sauter M, Sheltens P et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in patients with vascular dementia: the VantagE study. Curr Med Res Opin, 2008, 24(9): 2561-2574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballard C, Sauter M, Sheltens P et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in patients with vascular dementia: the VantagE study. Curr Med Res Opin, 2008, 24(9): 2561-2574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orgogozo JM, Rigaud AS, Stoffler A et al. Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (MMM 300). Stroke, 2002, 33: 1834-1839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orgogozo JM, Rigaud AS, Stoffler A et al. Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (MMM 300). Stroke, 2002, 33: 1834-1839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilcock G, Mobius HJ, Stoffler A. MMM 500 Group. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-centre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500). Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 2002, 17: 297-300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilcock G, Mobius HJ, Stoffler A. MMM 500 Group. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-centre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500). Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 2002, 17: 297-300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen H, Tung YC, Li B et al. Trophic factors counteract elevated FGF-2-induced inhibition of adult neurogenesis. Neurobiology of Aging, 2007, 28(8): 1148-11623.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen H, Tung YC, Li B et al. Trophic factors counteract elevated FGF-2-induced inhibition of adult neurogenesis. Neurobiology of Aging, 2007, 28(8): 1148-11623.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А., Третьяков В.Е., Мошковский В.А. и соавт, Олигопептидная мембранная фракция Церебролизина. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии, 2006, 7: 68-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Громова О.А., Третьяков В.Е., Мошковский В.А. и соавт, Олигопептидная мембранная фракция Церебролизина. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии, 2006, 7: 68-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Гоголева И.В Механизмы нейротрофического и нейропротекторного действия препарата Церебролизин при ишемии головного мозга. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии, 2014, 3(2): 43-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Гоголева И.В Механизмы нейротрофического и нейропротекторного действия препарата Церебролизин при ишемии головного мозга. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии, 2014, 3(2): 43-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen N, Yang M, Guo J, Zhou M, Zhu C, He L. Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, 31 January, 1: CD008900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen N, Yang M, Guo J, Zhou M, Zhu C, He L. Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, 31 January, 1: CD008900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guekht AB, Moessler H, Novak PH, Gusev EI. Cerebrolysin in vascular dementia: improvement of clinical outcome in randomized double blind placebo controlled multicenter trial. J Stroke Cerebrovascular disease, 2010, 20(4): 310-318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guekht AB, Moessler H, Novak PH, Gusev EI. Cerebrolysin in vascular dementia: improvement of clinical outcome in randomized double blind placebo controlled multicenter trial. J Stroke Cerebrovascular disease, 2010, 20(4): 310-318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев Е.И., Боголепова А.Н., Когнитивные нарушения при цереброваскулярных заболеваниях, М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2013. 176 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гусев Е.И., Боголепова А.Н., Когнитивные нарушения при цереброваскулярных заболеваниях, М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2013. 176 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуканова Е.И. Сравнительный анализ Церебролизина при лечении пациентов с хронической ишемией мозга. Фармакоэкономические аспекты. Трудный пациент, 2011, 9: 19-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чуканова Е.И. Сравнительный анализ Церебролизина при лечении пациентов с хронической ишемией мозга. Фармакоэкономические аспекты. Трудный пациент, 2011, 9: 19-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
