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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2017-5-10-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-1783</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ  СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ: ЗА И ПРОТИВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ASPECTS  OF MODERN COMBINATION  SPECIFIC THERAPY OF PULMONARY  ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION:  THE PROS  AND CONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынюк</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynyuk</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наконечников</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nakonechnikov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук,  профессор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Prof.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чазова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chazova</surname><given-names>I. Ye.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Академик РАН, профессор, доктор медицинских наук.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. RAS, Prof., MD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клинической кардиологии имени А.Л. Мясникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартынюк Т.В., Наконечников С.Н., Чазова И.Е., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартынюк Т.В., Наконечников С.Н., Чазова И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynyuk T.V., Nakonechnikov S.N., Chazova I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1783">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1783</self-uri><abstract><p>Алгоритм лечения легочной артериальной гипертензии (ЛАГ) включает три основных этапа: общие мероприятия; начальная лекарственная терапия; комбинированная лекарственная терапия и интервенционные методы при недостижении адекватного ответа на начальную терапию. Специфическая терапия включает антагонисты рецепторов эндотелина (АРЭ), простаноиды, ингибиторы фосфодиэстеразы типа 5 (ИФДЭ5) и стимуляторы растворимой гуанилатциклазы  (рГЦ). Комбинированная специфическая терапия – одновременное применение более чем одного класса специфических лекарственных средств – является привлекательным подходом, учитывая злокачественный характер течения и сложность патогенеза ЛАГ, а также успешный опыт применения комбинации препаратов в лечении системной артериальной гипертонии и сердечной  недостаточности. В статье показано, что до  настоящего времени вопросы о необходимости  и своевременности назначения комбинированной ЛАГ-специфической терапии, а также выборе рациональных комбинаций требуют дальнейшего изучения. Результаты рандомизированного  исследования СOMPASS-2 не доказали, что присоединение бозентана к стабильной терапии силденафилом более  эффективно, чем монотерапия силденафилом, увеличивает время до развития первого события заболеваемости/смертности  у больных ЛАГ. В метаанализе H.l. Liu и соавт. показали, что монотерапия приводит к значительному снижению смертности у пациентов ЛАГ, функционального и гемодинамического статуса по сравнению с плацебо или стандартной терапией. Комбинированная терапия связана со значительным улучшением функционального и гемодинамического статуса, но смертность больных по сравнению с монотерапией значимо не снижалась. Комбинированная терапия по сравнению с монотерапией сопряжена со значительным увеличением частоты отмены из-за неблагоприятных эффектов.</p><p>Концепция преимущества стимуляторов рГЦ над ИФДЭ5 изучалась в международном  многоцентровом открытом исследовании IIIb фазы RESPITE (RiociguatClinicalEffectsStudiedinPatientsWithInsufficientTreatmentResponsetoPDE5) по оценке безопасности и эффективности перехода  с терапии ИФДЭ5 на терапию риоцигуатом у пациентов ЛАГ, не достигших целей лечения при применении ИФДЭ5. В исследование включались больные с функциональным классом III (ВОЗ),  дистанцией в тесте 6-минутной ходьбы (Д6МХ) 165–440 м, сердечным индексом &lt;3,0 л/мин/м2, легочным сосудистым сопротивлением &gt;400  дин*с*см-5, средним давлением в легочной артерии &gt;30 мм рт. ст., ДЗЛК ≤ 15 мм рт. ст, несмотря на прием стабильных доз силденафила в максимальной дозе 80 мг 3 р/сут или тадалафила в максимальной дозе 40 мг 1 р/сут. Часть больных получали также АРЭ. Конечными точками явились Д6МХ, гемодинамические параметры к 24 неделе; динамика ФК (ВОЗ), уровень NT-proBNP, также оценка качества жизни, % больных с развитием клинического ухудшения к 12 и 24 неделе наблюдения.</p><p>После отмены ИФДЭ5 больные получали риоцигуат. По данным промежуточного  анализа, к 24-й неделе у 50% пациентов отмечалось улучшение ФК с III (ВОЗ) до II (ВОЗ),  увеличение Д6МХ с 353 ± 78 до 392 ± 112 м (n = 25); улучшение гемодинамических параметров и уровня NT-proBNP, что может указывать на то, что замена терапии ИФДЭ5 на риоцигуат у пациентов с недостаточным ответом является перспективной. Этот аспект требует дальнейшего изучения, как подчеркивается  в Российских рекомендациях по легочной гипертензии 2016  г.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The treatment algorithm for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) includes three main stages: general measures; induction drug therapy; combined drug therapy and intervention  methods  for patients  who fail to respond adequately  to induction therapy. The specific therapy includes endothelin receptor antagonists  (ARE), prostanoids, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PT5I) and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators (rGCS). The combined specific therapy, which means the simultaneous  use of more than one class of specific drugs, is an attractive approach, taking into account the malignancy and complexity of PAH pathogenesis, and the successful experience  in using medication combinations in the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension  and heart failure. The article shows that down to recent times the issues  of necessity and timeliness of the combined PAH-specific therapy, and the choice of rational combinations, require further study. The COMPASS-2 randomized study did not prove that the adding bosentan to the stable sildenafil therapy is more effective than sildenafil monotherapy, and extends  the time to the development  of the first morbidity event/ mortality in PAH patients. The meta-analysis  of H.l. Liu et al. showed that the monotherapy leads to a significant reduction in mortality in patients with PAH, improvement of functional and hemodynamic status compared with the placebo or standard therapy. The combined therapy is associated  with a significant improvement in functional and hemodynamic status, but the mortality of patients did not decrease reliably compared with the monotherapy. The combined therapy is associated with a significant increase in cancellation frequency due to adverse effects as compared with the monotherapy.</p><p>The concept  of the advantage  of rGC stimulants  over PT5I was studied  in an international multicentre  open-label  IIIb phase  RESPITE (Riociguatum Сlinical Effects Studied in Patients With Insufficient Treatment Response  to PDE5) study of the safety and efficacy of the transition from the PT5I therapy to riociguatum therapy in patients with PAH who did not achieve the treatment goals when using PT5I. The study included patients with functional capacity III (WHO),  a distance of 165–440 m in the 6-min walk distance (6MWD), cardiac index &lt;3.0  l/min/m2, pulmonary vascular resistance&gt;  400  dyne*s *cm-5, the average pressure in the pulmonary artery &gt; 30  Hg mm despite receiving stable doses  of sildenafil in the highest  dose of 80 mg 3 times a day or tadalafil in the highest  dose of 40 mg 1 once a day. A part of patients also received an endothelin  receptor antagonist  (ERA). The clinical endpoints included changes in 6MWD, hemodynamics from baseline  to Week 24  of therapy, WHO FC, the NT-proBNP levels,  the quality of life evaluation, and % patients  developing  clinical worsening from baseline to Week 12 and 24 of therapy.</p><p>After cancellation of PDE5i, the patients received riociguat. The interim analysis of the study showed that 50% of patients had improved to WHO FC II from III, increased 6MWD from 353  ± 78 to 392  ± 112  m (n = 25); improved hemodynamic parameters and NT-proBNP levels by Week 24, which may indicate that patients with an insufficient response  to PDE5i therapy may benefit  from a transition to riociguat. This approach should be further investigated,  as suggested by 2016 Russian Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>легочная артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>комбинированная специфическая терапия</kwd><kwd>СOMPASS-2</kwd><kwd>RESPITE</kwd><kwd>силденафил</kwd><kwd>риоцигуат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>combined  specific therapy</kwd><kwd>COMPASS-2</kwd><kwd>RESPITE</kwd><kwd>sildenafil</kwd><kwd>riociguatum</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартынюк Т.В., Наконечников С.Н., Чазова И.Е. Современные подходы к лечению пациентов с легочной гипертензией в свете рекомендаций Европейского общества кардиологов. 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