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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2015-6-24-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРОНХОПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЯ И ЛОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRONCHIAL PULMONOLOGY AND ENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антибактериальная терапия острых респираторных заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiotic therapy of acute respiratory diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гадлия</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadliya</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlova</surname></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакрадзе</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakradze</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таточенко</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatochenko</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Center of Children's Health, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полякова А.С., Гадлия Д.Д., Хохлова Т.А., Рогова О.А., Бакрадзе М.Д., Таточенко В.К., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полякова А.С., Гадлия Д.Д., Хохлова Т.А., Рогова О.А., Бакрадзе М.Д., Таточенко В.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakova А.S., Gadliya D.D., Хохлова Т.А., Rogova O.A., Bakradze M.D., Tatochenko V.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/187">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/187</self-uri><abstract><p>Этиологическая структура респираторных заболеваний (ОРЗ) представлена как вирусными, так и бактериальными возбудителями [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Очевидно, что вирусные инфекции у детей вызывают большинство заболеваний дыхательных путей, при этом лечение антибиотиками по меньшей мере бесполезно, а чаще всего представляется нерациональным из-за развития множества нежелательных явлений. Антибиотикотерапия может вызывать аллергические реакции, нарушение биоценоза дыхательных путей и заселение их слизистой оболочки несвойственной, чаще кишечной, флорой, а самую главную опасность представляет развитие глобальной антибиотикорезистентности микробной флоры, которая в настоящее время является одной из серьезнейших проблем здравоохранения [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>]. Однако бактериальная инфекция при несвоевременном выявлении и неадекватном лечении представляет большую угрозу развития серьезных осложнений, поэтому требует осмысленного назначения системной антибактериальной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The etiology of respiratory diseases (RD) is represented by viral and bacterial pathogens [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Obviously, viral infections cause most of respiratory diseases in children, while antibiotic treatment is at least useless and often considered inefficient due to a multitude of adverse events. Antibiotics may cause allergic reactions, impair biocenosis of the respiratory tract and colonization of its mucous membranes with unwanted, often intestinal, flora. The greatest danger, however, is the development of overall antibiotic resistance of microbial flora which currently is one of the most serious public healthcare problems [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>]. At the same time, bacterial infection, in case of late detection and inadequate treatment, poses a greater risk for serious complications and therefore requires reasonable prescription of systemic antibiotic therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ОРЗ</kwd><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>острый средний отит</kwd><kwd>острый риносинусит</kwd><kwd>тонзиллит</kwd><kwd>антибиотикотерапия</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>ARD</kwd><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>acute otitis media</kwd><kwd>acute rhinosinusitis</kwd><kwd>tonsillitis</kwd><kwd>antibiotic therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Применения антибиотиков у детей в амбулаторной практике. Практические рекомендации. Под ред. А.А. Баранова, Л.С. Страчунского. 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