medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2017-9-97-102medsovet-1962Research ArticleНЕВРОЛОГИЯNEUROLOGYСОН У ДЕТЕЙ: ОТ ФИЗИОЛОГИИ К ПАТОЛОГИИSLEEP IN CHILDREN: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOLOGYПОЛУЭКТОВM. Г.POLUEKTOVM. G.

к.м.н

PhD in medicine

ПЧЕЛИНАП. В.PCHELINAP. V.Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. СеченоваРоссияSechenov First Moscow State University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation2017200720170997102Copyright © ПОЛУЭКТОВ M.Г., ПЧЕЛИНА П.В., 20172017ПОЛУЭКТОВ M.Г., ПЧЕЛИНА П.В.POLUEKTOV M.G., PCHELINA P.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1962

Циркадианные ритмы и механизмы сна и бодрствования начинают формироваться в эмбриональном периоде и проходят множество этапов развития, прежде чем пр иобретают характеристики, типичные для взрослого человека. Структура нарушений сна у детей также отличается от таковой во взрослой популяции. Большинство расстройств сна у детей являютсярезультатом незрелости определенных мозговых структур и механизмов: первичное апноэ сна, детская поведенческая инсомния, снохождение, ночные страхи, энурез. Эти нарушения носят доброкачественный характер и, как правило, исчезают к взрослому возрасту. Лечение доброкачественных нарушений сна у детей должно в первую очередь основываться на методах поведенческой терапии, правилах гигиены сна и назначении легкой седативной терапии

Circadian rhythms and the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness begin to form in the embryonic period and undergo many stages of development before acquire characteristics typical for an adult. Structure of sleep disturbances in children also differs from that in the adult population. Most sleep disorders in children are the result of immaturity of certain brain structures and mechanisms: primary sleep disorders, pediatric behavioral insomnia, sleepwalking, night terrors, enuresis. These disorders are benign, and usually disappear by adulthood. Treatment of benign sleep disorders in children should primarily be based on the methods of behavioral therapy, the rules of sleep hygiene and the purpose of light sedation.

сонциркадианные ритмыинсомнияапноэ снадетская поведенческая инсомнияпарасомнияповеденческая терапиямедикаментозная терапияsleepcircadian rhythmsinsomniasleep apneapediatric behavioral insomniaparasomniasbehavioral therapyand pharmacotherapy.ReferencesКельмансон И.А. Перинатология и перинатальная психология. Учебное пособие. С-П:СпецЛит, 2015, 343 с.Vanhatalo S, Kaila K. Development of neonatal EEG activity: From phenomenology to physiology. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2006, 11: 471-478.Полуэктов М.Г. Диагностика и лечениерасстройств сна. М:МЕДпресс-информ, 2016. 256 с.Serón-Ferré M, Torres C, Parraguez VH, Vergara M, Valladares L, Forcelledo ML, et.al. Perinatal neuroendocrine regulation. Development of the circadian time-keeping system. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2002, 186(2): 169-73.Пигарев И.Н., Пигарева М.Л. Асинхронное развитие сна как вероятная причина снижения когнитивных функций и возникновения ряда патологических состояний, связанных с циклом «сон – бодрствование». Эффек тивная фармакотерапия. Неврология спецвыпуск, 2014, 2.Piontelli A. Development of Normal Fetal Movements The First 25 Weeks of Gestation. Milan: Springer, 2010. P.146.Корабельникова Е.А. Детский сон. Зеркало развития ребенка. М.: Владос-Пресс, 2009.Piontelli A. Development of Normal Fetal Movements The Last 15 Weeks of Gestation. Milan: Springer, 2015. P.152.Полуэктов М.Г. (ред). Сомнология и медицина сна. Национальное руководство памяти А.М.Вейна и Я.И. Левина. М.: Медфорум, 2016, c.660.Balaban E, Desco M, Vaquero J.Waking-like Brain Function in Embryos. Current Biology, 2012, 22(10): 852-861.Mindell J, Owens J. A clinical guide to pediatric sleep. Diagnosis and management of sleep problems. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. P. 232.Mindell J, Owens J. A clinical guide to pediatric sleep. Diagnosis and management of sleep problems. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. P. 232.Kelmanson I.A. Natural course of sleep disturbances in the infancy. Somnologie, 2008, 12(Suppl. 1): 54.Kelmanson I.A. Natural course of sleep disturbances in the infancy. Somnologie, 2008, 12(Suppl. 1): 54.Scher A, Cohen D. Locomotion and nightwaking. Child care health dev, 2005, 32: 685-91.Scher A, Cohen D. Locomotion and nightwaking. Child care health dev, 2005, 32: 685-91.Brazelton TB Touchpoints: opportunities forpreventingproblemsintheparent-child relationship. Acta paediatr suppl, 1994, 394: 35-9.Brazelton TB Touchpoints: opportunities forpreventingproblemsintheparent-child relationship. Acta paediatr suppl, 1994, 394: 35-9.Kelmanson I.A. Separation anxiety and bedtime resistance in eight-month-old infants. Early Child Development and Care, 2012, 182(11): 1455-1464.Kelmanson I.A. Separation anxiety and bedtime resistance in eight-month-old infants. Early Child Development and Care, 2012, 182(11): 1455-1464.Kosch PC, Stark AR. Dynamic maintenance of end-expiratory lung volume in full-term infants. J Appl Physiol: Respirat Environ Exercise Physiol, 1984, 57: 1126-33.Kosch PC, Stark AR. Dynamic maintenance of end-expiratory lung volume in full-term infants. J Appl Physiol: Respirat Environ Exercise Physiol, 1984, 57: 1126-33.The International classification of sleep disorders. Diagnostic and coding manual. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. U.S.A.: Darien, 2014.The International classification of sleep disorders. Diagnostic and coding manual. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. U.S.A.: Darien, 2014.Daly M. Interactions between respiration and circulation. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, 1986: 529-94.Daly M. Interactions between respiration and circulation. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, 1986: 529-94.Sheldon S.H., Ferber R., Kryger M.H., Gozal D. Principles and practice of pediatric sleep medicine. C: Elsevier Inc, 2014, p. 404.Sheldon S.H., Ferber R., Kryger M.H., Gozal D. Principles and practice of pediatric sleep medicine. C: Elsevier Inc, 2014, p. 404.Kianicka I, Diaz V, Dorion D, Praud JP. Coordination between glottic adductor muscle and diaphragm EMG activity in fetal lambs in utero. J Appl Physiol, 1998, 84(5): 1560-5.17.Kianicka I, Diaz V, Dorion D, Praud JP. Coordination between glottic adductor muscle and diaphragm EMG activity in fetal lambs in utero. J Appl Physiol, 1998, 84(5): 1560-5.17.Weissbluth M. Sleep and the colicky infant. In Guilleminault C (ed): Sleep and its disorders in children. New York: Raven Press, 1987: 129-141.Weissbluth M. Sleep and the colicky infant. In Guilleminault C (ed): Sleep and its disorders in children. New York: Raven Press, 1987: 129-141.Kirjavainen J, Kirjavainen T, Huhtala V, Lehtonen L, Korvenranta H, Kero P. Infants with colic have a normal sleep structure at 2 and 7 months of age. J Pediatr, 2001, 138(2): 218-23.Kirjavainen J, Kirjavainen T, Huhtala V, Lehtonen L, Korvenranta H, Kero P. Infants with colic have a normal sleep structure at 2 and 7 months of age. J Pediatr, 2001, 138(2): 218-23.Muris P, Merckelbach H, Ollendick TH, King NJ, Bogie N. Children’s nighttime fears: parentchild ratings of frequency, content, origins, coping behaviors and severity. Behav Res Ther, 2001, 39(1): 13-28.Muris P, Merckelbach H, Ollendick TH, King NJ, Bogie N. Children’s nighttime fears: parentchild ratings of frequency, content, origins, coping behaviors and severity. Behav Res Ther, 2001, 39(1): 13-28.American Academy of Pediatrics SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment. Pediatrics, 2011, 128(5): 1030-1039.American Academy of Pediatrics SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment. Pediatrics, 2011, 128(5): 1030-1039.Weissbluth M. Healthy sleep habits, happy child. USA: Ballantine Books, 2005. P. 544.Weissbluth M. Healthy sleep habits, happy child. USA: Ballantine Books, 2005. P. 544.Ferber R. Solve your child’s sleep problems. USA: Prentice Hall & IBD, 2006. P. 251.Ferber R. Solve your child’s sleep problems. USA: Prentice Hall & IBD, 2006. P. 251.Skuladottir A, Thome M. Changes in infant sleep problems after a family-centered intervention. Pediatr Nurs, 2003, 29(5): 375-8.Skuladottir A, Thome M. Changes in infant sleep problems after a family-centered intervention. Pediatr Nurs, 2003, 29(5): 375-8.Adams LA, Rickert VI. Reducing bedtime tantrums: Comparison between positive bedtime routines and graduated extinction. Pediatrics, 1989, 84(5): 756-761.Adams LA, Rickert VI. Reducing bedtime tantrums: Comparison between positive bedtime routines and graduated extinction. Pediatrics, 1989, 84(5): 756-761.Jong MC, Ilyenko L, Kholodova I et al. A Comparative Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of a Homeopathic Medicinal Product in Children with Sleep Disorders and Restlessness. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 2016: ID 9539030, 11 pages.Jong MC, Ilyenko L, Kholodova I et al. A Comparative Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of a Homeopathic Medicinal Product in Children with Sleep Disorders and Restlessness. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 2016: ID 9539030, 11 pages.Zhang J, Lam SP, Li SX, Li AM, Lai KYC, Wing YK.Longitudinal course and outcome of chronic insomnia in Hong Kong Chinese children: a 5-year follow-up study of a community-based cohort. Sleep, 2011, 34(10): 1395-1402.Zhang J, Lam SP, Li SX, Li AM, Lai KYC, Wing YK.Longitudinal course and outcome of chronic insomnia in Hong Kong Chinese children: a 5-year follow-up study of a community-based cohort. Sleep, 2011, 34(10): 1395-1402.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.