medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2017-12-105-111medsovet-2018Research ArticleДислипидемияDyslipidemiaСОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ЛЕЧЕНИЮ ДИСЛИПИДЕМИЙ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕMODERN APPROACHES TO DYSLIPIDEMIA TREATMENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICEЯкушинС. С.YakushinS. S.

д.м.н.,профессор

MD, Prof.

ФилипповЕ. В.FilippovE. V.

д.м.н.

MD

ПетровВ. С.PetrovV. S.

к.м.н.

PhD in medicine

Рязанский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияFGBOU VO RyazMSU of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation201703112017012105111Copyright © Якушин С.С., Филиппов Е.В., Петров В.С., 20172017Якушин С.С., Филиппов Е.В., Петров В.С.Yakushin S.S., Filippov E.V., Petrov V.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2018

Статья посвящена ведению пациентов с дислипидемиями и современным подходам к их терапии. Подробно разобрана роль фармакологических и нефармакологических методов лечения, а также новых групп препаратов для коррекции нарушений липидного обмена. Отмечена роль ингибиторов PCSK9 в первичной и вторичной профилактике дислипидемий.

 

 

 

 

The article deals with the management of patients with dislipidemias and modern approaches to their treatment. The role of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments, as well as new groups of drugs for correcting lipid violations were considered in detail. The role of PCSK9 inhibitors in primary and secondary prevention of dyslipidemias was noted.

дислипидемииэволокумабфакторы рискапрофилактикалечениеdyslipidemiaEvolokumabrisk factorspreventiontreatmentReferencesGlobal Health Estimates: Deaths, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD) by cause, age and sex, 2000–2012. Geneva: World Health Organization. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_ disease/estimates/en/ Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Global Health Estimates: Deaths, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD) by cause, age and sex, 2000–2012. Geneva: World Health Organization. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_ disease/estimates/en/ Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA et al. Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation, 2014, 129: 1483–92.Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA et al. Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation, 2014, 129: 1483–92.Di Cesare M, Bennett JE, Best N et al. The contributions of risk factor trends to cardiometabolic mortality decline in 26 industrialized countries. Int J Epidemiol, 2013, 42: 838-48.Di Cesare M, Bennett JE, Best N et al. The contributions of risk factor trends to cardiometabolic mortality decline in 26 industrialized countries. Int J Epidemiol, 2013, 42: 838-48.World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in tobacco smoking 2000–2025. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.who.int/ tobacco/publications/surveillance/reportontrendstobaccosmoking/en/ Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in tobacco smoking 2000–2025. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.who.int/ tobacco/publications/surveillance/reportontrendstobaccosmoking/en/ Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Rehm J, Shield KD, Roerecke M et al. Modelling the impact of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular disease mortality for comparative risk assessments: an overview. BMC Public. Health, 2016, 16: 363.Rehm J, Shield KD, Roerecke M et al. Modelling the impact of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular disease mortality for comparative risk assessments: an overview. BMC Public. Health, 2016, 16: 363.Allamani A, Prina F. Why the Decrease in Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages in Italy between the 1970s and the 2000s? Shedding Light on an Italian Mystery. Contemporary Drug Problems, 2007, 34: 187–197.Allamani A, Prina F. Why the Decrease in Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages in Italy between the 1970s and the 2000s? Shedding Light on an Italian Mystery. Contemporary Drug Problems, 2007, 34: 187–197.World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. Geneva: WHO, 2014.World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. Geneva: WHO, 2014.Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Shi P et al. Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys. BMJ, 2014, 348: 2272.Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Shi P et al. Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys. BMJ, 2014, 348: 2272.World Health Organization. Global Health Risks. Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: WHO Press, 2009.World Health Organization. Global Health Risks. Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: WHO Press, 2009.Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of the joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 916 (TRS 916). Доступно по ссылке: http:// www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/ trs916/en/ Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of the joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 916 (TRS 916). Доступно по ссылке: http:// www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/ trs916/en/ Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T, Peltonen M et al. Thirty-five-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Finland. Int J Epidemiol, 2010, 39: 504–18.Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T, Peltonen M et al. Thirty-five-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Finland. Int J Epidemiol, 2010, 39: 504–18.World Health Organization. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. Geneva: WHO Press, 2013.World Health Organization. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. Geneva: WHO Press, 2013.Lewington S et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55 000 vascular deaths. Lancet, 2007, 370: 1829–1839.Lewington S et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55 000 vascular deaths. Lancet, 2007, 370: 1829–1839.Ridker РМ et al. HDL cholesterol and residual risk of first cardiovascular events after treatment with potent statin therapy: An analysis from the JUPITER trial. Lancet, 2010, 376: 333–341.Ridker РМ et al. HDL cholesterol and residual risk of first cardiovascular events after treatment with potent statin therapy: An analysis from the JUPITER trial. Lancet, 2010, 376: 333–341.Bollyky TJ et al. Understanding The Relationships Between Noncommunicable Diseases, Unhealthy Lifestyles, And Country Wealth. Health Aff (Millwood), 2015, 34(9): 1464–1471.Bollyky TJ et al. Understanding The Relationships Between Noncommunicable Diseases, Unhealthy Lifestyles, And Country Wealth. Health Aff (Millwood), 2015, 34(9): 1464–1471.Кожевникова О.В., Смирнов И.Е. Факторы риска сердечно-сосудистой патологии у детей: свойства сосудов и атеросклероз. Рос. педиатр. журн., 2015, 18(4): 36–42.Кожевникова О.В., Смирнов И.Е. Факторы риска сердечно-сосудистой патологии у детей: свойства сосудов и атеросклероз. Рос. педиатр. журн., 2015, 18(4): 36–42.Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, on behalf of the INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet, 2004, 364: 937–952.Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, on behalf of the INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet, 2004, 364: 937–952.Джахангиров Т.Ш. Сахарный диабет как проблема современной кардиологии. Кардиология, 2005, 45(10): 55–61.Джахангиров Т.Ш. Сахарный диабет как проблема современной кардиологии. Кардиология, 2005, 45(10): 55–61.Мировая статистика здравоохранения – 2013. Женева: ВОЗ, 2014. 168 с.Мировая статистика здравоохранения – 2013. Женева: ВОЗ, 2014. 168 с.Рекомендации ЕОК/ЕОА по диагностике и лечению дислипидемий 2016 года. Российский кардиологический журнал, 2017, 5 (145): 7–77.Рекомендации ЕОК/ЕОА по диагностике и лечению дислипидемий 2016 года. Российский кардиологический журнал, 2017, 5 (145): 7–77.Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH, Hobbs HH. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med, 2006, 354: 1264–1272.Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH, Hobbs HH. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med, 2006, 354: 1264–1272.Chen Z, Peto R, Collins R, MacMahon S, Lu J, Li W. Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations. BMJ, 1991, 303: 276–282.Chen Z, Peto R, Collins R, MacMahon S, Lu J, Li W. Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations. BMJ, 1991, 303: 276–282.Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA, 1986, 256: 2823–2828.Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA, 1986, 256: 2823–2828.Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174 000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet, 2015, 385(9976): 1397–1405.Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174 000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet, 2015, 385(9976): 1397–1405.Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Gluba-Brzózka A et al. Lipid-modifying effects of nutraceuticals: An evidence-based approach. Nutrition, 2016, 32: 1179–92.Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Gluba-Brzózka A et al. Lipid-modifying effects of nutraceuticals: An evidence-based approach. Nutrition, 2016, 32: 1179–92.Andersson SW, Skinner J, Ellegard L et al. Intake of dietary plant sterols is inversely related to serum cholesterol concentration in men and women in the EPIC Norfolk population: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2004, 58: 1378–85.Andersson SW, Skinner J, Ellegard L et al. Intake of dietary plant sterols is inversely related to serum cholesterol concentration in men and women in the EPIC Norfolk population: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2004, 58: 1378–85.Wang P, Chen YM, He LP et al. Association of natural intake of dietary plant sterols with carotid intima-media thickness and blood lipids in Chinese adults: A cross-section study. PLoS One, 2012, 7: e32736.Wang P, Chen YM, He LP et al. Association of natural intake of dietary plant sterols with carotid intima-media thickness and blood lipids in Chinese adults: A cross-section study. PLoS One, 2012, 7: e32736.Gylling H, Plat J, Turley S et al. for the European atherosclerosis society consensus panel on phytosterols. Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis, 2014, 232: 346–60.Gylling H, Plat J, Turley S et al. for the European atherosclerosis society consensus panel on phytosterols. Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis, 2014, 232: 346–60.De Jong A, Plat J, Mensink RP. Metabolic effects of plant sterols and stanols. J Nutr Biochem, 2003, 14: 362–9.De Jong A, Plat J, Mensink RP. Metabolic effects of plant sterols and stanols. J Nutr Biochem, 2003, 14: 362–9.Amir Shaghaghi M, Abumweis SS, Jones PJ. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols/ stanols provided in capsule and tablet formats: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet, 2013, 113: 1494–503.Amir Shaghaghi M, Abumweis SS, Jones PJ. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols/ stanols provided in capsule and tablet formats: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet, 2013, 113: 1494–503.Ras RT, Geleijnse JM, Trautwein EA. LDL cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. Br J Nutr, 2014, 112: 214–9.Ras RT, Geleijnse JM, Trautwein EA. LDL cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. Br J Nutr, 2014, 112: 214–9.Amir Shaghaghi M, Abumweis SS, Jones PJ. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols/ stanols provided in capsule and tablet formats: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet, 2013, 113: 1494–503.Amir Shaghaghi M, Abumweis SS, Jones PJ. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols/ stanols provided in capsule and tablet formats: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet, 2013, 113: 1494–503.Han S, Jiao J, Xu J et al. Effects of plant stanol or sterol-enriched diets on lipid profiles in patients treated with statins: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 31337.Han S, Jiao J, Xu J et al. Effects of plant stanol or sterol-enriched diets on lipid profiles in patients treated with statins: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 31337.Ras RT, van der Schouw YT, Trautwein EA et al. Intake of phytosterols from natural sources and risk of cardiovascular disease in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition- the Netherlands (EPIC-NL) population. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2015, 22: 1067–75.Ras RT, van der Schouw YT, Trautwein EA et al. Intake of phytosterols from natural sources and risk of cardiovascular disease in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition- the Netherlands (EPIC-NL) population. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2015, 22: 1067–75.Khadem-Ansari MH, Rasmi Y, Ramezani F. Effects of red grape juice consumption on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B and homocysteine in healthy human volunteers. Open Biochem J, 2010, 4: 96–9.Khadem-Ansari MH, Rasmi Y, Ramezani F. Effects of red grape juice consumption on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B and homocysteine in healthy human volunteers. Open Biochem J, 2010, 4: 96–9.Yubero N, Sanz-Buenhombre M, Guadarrama A et al. LDL cholesterol-lowering effects of grape extract used as a dietary supplement on healthy volunteers. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013, 64: 400–6.Yubero N, Sanz-Buenhombre M, Guadarrama A et al. LDL cholesterol-lowering effects of grape extract used as a dietary supplement on healthy volunteers. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013, 64: 400–6.Feringa HH, Laskey DA, Dickson JE et al. The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Diet Assoc, 2011, 111: 1173–81.Feringa HH, Laskey DA, Dickson JE et al. The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Diet Assoc, 2011, 111: 1173–81.Sahebkar A, Serban C, Ursoniu S et al. Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Lack of efficacy of resveratrol on C-reactive protein and selected cardiovascular risk factors–Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cardiol, 2015, 189: 47–55.Sahebkar A, Serban C, Ursoniu S et al. Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Lack of efficacy of resveratrol on C-reactive protein and selected cardiovascular risk factors–Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cardiol, 2015, 189: 47–55.Jia L, Liu X, Bai YY et al. Short-term effect of cocoa product consumption on lipid profile: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr, 2010, 92: 218–25.Jia L, Liu X, Bai YY et al. Short-term effect of cocoa product consumption on lipid profile: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr, 2010, 92: 218–25.Sansone R, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Heuel J et al. Cocoa flavanol intake improves endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in healthy men and women: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial: the Flaviola Health Study. Br J Nutr, 2015, 114: 1246–55.Sansone R, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Heuel J et al. Cocoa flavanol intake improves endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in healthy men and women: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial: the Flaviola Health Study. Br J Nutr, 2015, 114: 1246–55.Zheng XX, Xu YL, Li SH et al. Green tea intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr, 2011, 94: 601–10.Zheng XX, Xu YL, Li SH et al. Green tea intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr, 2011, 94: 601–10.Kim A, Chiu A, Barone MK et al. Green tea cate-chins decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Diet Assoc, 2011, 111: 1720–9.Kim A, Chiu A, Barone MK et al. Green tea cate-chins decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Diet Assoc, 2011, 111: 1720–9.Hartley L, Flowers N, Holmes J et al. Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013, 18: CD009934.Hartley L, Flowers N, Holmes J et al. Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013, 18: CD009934.Zhao Y, Asimi S, Wu K et al. Black tea consumption and serum cholesterol concentration: Systematic review and meta-analysis of rand-omized controlled trials. Clin Nutr, 2015, 34: 612–9.Zhao Y, Asimi S, Wu K et al. Black tea consumption and serum cholesterol concentration: Systematic review and meta-analysis of rand-omized controlled trials. Clin Nutr, 2015, 34: 612–9.Torres-Duran PV, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Juarez-Oropeza MA. Antihyperlipemic and antihyper-tensive effects of Spirulina maxima in an open sample of Mexican population: a preliminary report. Lipids Health Dis, 2007, 6: 33.Torres-Duran PV, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Juarez-Oropeza MA. Antihyperlipemic and antihyper-tensive effects of Spirulina maxima in an open sample of Mexican population: a preliminary report. Lipids Health Dis, 2007, 6: 33.Mazokopakis EE, Starakis IK, Papadomanolaki MG et al. The hypolipidaemic effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation in a Cretan population: a prospective study. J Sci Food Agric, 2014, 94: 432–7.Mazokopakis EE, Starakis IK, Papadomanolaki MG et al. The hypolipidaemic effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation in a Cretan population: a prospective study. J Sci Food Agric, 2014, 94: 432–7.Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Dragan S et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations. Clin Nutr, 2016, 35: 842–51.Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Dragan S et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations. Clin Nutr, 2016, 35: 842–51.Stone NG, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH et al. ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63(25 pt B): 2889–2934.Stone NG, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH et al. ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63(25 pt B): 2889–2934.Collins R, Reith C, Emberson J et al. Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Lancet, 2016, 388(10059): 2532–2561.Collins R, Reith C, Emberson J et al. Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Lancet, 2016, 388(10059): 2532–2561.Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists, Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet, 2010, 376: 1670–1681.Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists, Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet, 2010, 376: 1670–1681.Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet, 2005, 366: 1267–1278.Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet, 2005, 366: 1267–1278.Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists, Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet, 2010, 376: 1670–1681.Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists, Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet, 2010, 376: 1670–1681.Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists, The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet, 2012, 380: 581–590.Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, for the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists, The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet, 2012, 380: 581–590.Fruchart JC, Sacks F, Hermans MP et al. The residual risk reduction initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol. 2008, 102: 1–34.Fruchart JC, Sacks F, Hermans MP et al. The residual risk reduction initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol. 2008, 102: 1–34.Cannon CP, BlazingMA, Giugliano RP et al. IMPROVE-IT Investigators. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(25): 2387–2397.Cannon CP, BlazingMA, Giugliano RP et al. IMPROVE-IT Investigators. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(25): 2387–2397.Murphy SA, Cannon CP, Blazing MA et al. Adding ezetimibe to simvastatin for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: is it useful? J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016, 67: 3025– 3026.Murphy SA, Cannon CP, Blazing MA et al. Adding ezetimibe to simvastatin for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: is it useful? J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016, 67: 3025– 3026.Baum SJ, Toth PP, Underberg JA, Jellinger P, Ross J, Wilemon K. PCSK9 inhibitor access barriers – issues and recommendations: Improving the access process for patients, clinicians and payers. Clinical Cardiology, 2017, 40: 243–254.Baum SJ, Toth PP, Underberg JA, Jellinger P, Ross J, Wilemon K. PCSK9 inhibitor access barriers – issues and recommendations: Improving the access process for patients, clinicians and payers. Clinical Cardiology, 2017, 40: 243–254.Wong ND, Rosenblit PD, Greenfield RS. Advances in dyslipidemia management for prevention of atherosclerosis: PCSK9 monoclonal antibody therapy and beyond. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther, 2017, 7(Suppl 1): 11–20.Wong ND, Rosenblit PD, Greenfield RS. Advances in dyslipidemia management for prevention of atherosclerosis: PCSK9 monoclonal antibody therapy and beyond. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther, 2017, 7(Suppl 1): 11–20.Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD et al. For the Open-Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation against LDL Cholesterol (OSLER) Instigators. Efficacy and safety of evolucumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372: 1500–9.Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD et al. For the Open-Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation against LDL Cholesterol (OSLER) Instigators. Efficacy and safety of evolucumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372: 1500–9.Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC et al. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376: 1713–1722.Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC et al. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376: 1713–1722.Nicholls SJ, Puri R, Anderson T et al. Effect of evolocumab on progression of coronary disease in statin-treated patients: The GLAGOV randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2016, 316: 2373–84.Nicholls SJ, Puri R, Anderson T et al. Effect of evolocumab on progression of coronary disease in statin-treated patients: The GLAGOV randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2016, 316: 2373–84.No Evidence of Cognitive Issues When Evolocumab Added to Statin Therapy. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.acc.org/about-acc/press-releases/2017/03/17/11/11/sat-8am-no-evidence-of-cognitive-issues-when-evolocumab-added-to-statin-therapy. Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.No Evidence of Cognitive Issues When Evolocumab Added to Statin Therapy. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.acc.org/about-acc/press-releases/2017/03/17/11/11/sat-8am-no-evidence-of-cognitive-issues-when-evolocumab-added-to-statin-therapy. Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Ioannidis JPA. Inconsistent Guideline Recommendations for Cardiovascular Prevention and the Debate About Zeroing in on and Zeroing LDL-C Levels With PCSK9 Inhibitors. Доступно по ссылке: http://jamanet-work.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2645741?re sultClick=1. Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Ioannidis JPA. Inconsistent Guideline Recommendations for Cardiovascular Prevention and the Debate About Zeroing in on and Zeroing LDL-C Levels With PCSK9 Inhibitors. Доступно по ссылке: http://jamanet-work.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2645741?re sultClick=1. Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Kazi DS, Moran AE, Coxson PG et al. Cost-effectiveness of PCSK9 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA, 2016, 316: 743–53.Kazi DS, Moran AE, Coxson PG et al. Cost-effectiveness of PCSK9 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA, 2016, 316: 743–53.PCSK9 inhibitors: payer dynamics. Symphony Health Solutions website. Доступно по ссылке: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/232/4746/34.long. Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.PCSK9 inhibitors: payer dynamics. Symphony Health Solutions website. Доступно по ссылке: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/232/4746/34.long. Дата последнего обзора: 30/07/2017.Baum SJ, Toth PP, Underberg JA, Jellinger P, Ross J, Wilemon R. PCSK9 inhibitor access barriers – issues and recommendations: Improving the access process for patients, clinicians and payers. Clinical Cardiology, 2017, 40: 243–254.Baum SJ, Toth PP, Underberg JA, Jellinger P, Ross J, Wilemon R. PCSK9 inhibitor access barriers – issues and recommendations: Improving the access process for patients, clinicians and payers. Clinical Cardiology, 2017, 40: 243–254.Fitzgerald K, White S, Borodovsky A et al. A Highly Durable RNAi Therapeutic Inhibitor of PCSK9. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376: 41–51.Fitzgerald K, White S, Borodovsky A et al. A Highly Durable RNAi Therapeutic Inhibitor of PCSK9. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376: 41–51.Ray KK, Landmesser U, Leiter LA et al. LBCT.03: Insights from new therapeutic trials for lipids. ORION-1. Inclisiran inhibits PCSK9 synthesis by RNA interference. Planned interim analysis of a multi-center randomized controlled dose-finding trial. American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2016. November 12–16, 2016, New Orleans, LA.Ray KK, Landmesser U, Leiter LA et al. LBCT.03: Insights from new therapeutic trials for lipids. ORION-1. Inclisiran inhibits PCSK9 synthesis by RNA interference. Planned interim analysis of a multi-center randomized controlled dose-finding trial. American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2016. November 12–16, 2016, New Orleans, LA.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.