<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2017-12-176-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-2051</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Practice</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СПОСОБЫ ТРОМБОПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ВЕНОЗНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ: АКЦЕНТ – КОМПРЕССИОННАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MECHANICAL WAYS OF THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS AND THERAPY OF CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY: ACCENT – COMPRESSION THERAPY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудыкин</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudykin</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Fake@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Приволжский федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр Минздрава России, Нижний Новгород</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Federal Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудыкин М.Н., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудыкин М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudykin M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2051">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2051</self-uri><abstract><p>В представленном обзоре рассмотрены современное состояние и исторические аспекты использования компрессионного лечения для проведения профилактики тромбоэмболических осложнений и лечения симптомов хронической венозной недостаточности, связанных с хроническими заболеваниями вен. Обсуждаются патогенетические аспекты терапии градуированной компрессией, основы использования аппаратных механических средств профилактики и лечения, основы воздействия этих методов на состояние венозного возврата, движения тканевой жидкости. Акцентируется внимание на  доказательствах эффективности компрессионного лечения.</p><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review considers a modern state and historic aspects of the compression use therapy for prevention of thromboembolic complications and therapy of symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency related to chronic vein diseases. Pathogenetic aspects of the therapy by graduated compression, fundamentals of use of mechanical means of prevention and therapy, fundamentals of these methods effect on the state of venous return, movement of tissue liquid are discussed. The attention is focused on evidence of effectiveness of compression therapy. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компрессионный трикотаж</kwd><kwd>перемежающая компрессия</kwd><kwd>аппаратный пневмомассаж</kwd><kwd>градуированная компрессия</kwd><kwd>госпитальный трикотаж</kwd><kwd>компрессионная терапия</kwd><kwd>профилактика тромбоэмболических осложнений</kwd><kwd>хроническая венозная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>хронические заболевания вен</kwd><kwd>тромбоз</kwd><kwd>эмболия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>compression hosiery</kwd><kwd>intermittent compression</kwd><kwd>mechanical pneumomassage</kwd><kwd>graduated compression</kwd><kwd>hospital hosiery</kwd><kwd>compression therapy</kwd><kwd>prevention of thromboembolic complications</kwd><kwd>chronic venous insufficiency</kwd><kwd>thrombosis</kwd><kwd>embolism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litter J. Thromboembolism; its prophylaxis and medical treatment; recent advances. Med Clin North Am, 1952, 36(5): 1309–1321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litter J. Thromboembolism; its prophylaxis and medical treatment; recent advances. Med Clin North Am, 1952, 36(5): 1309–1321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis CEJr, Antoine J, Mueller C, Talbot W A, Swaroop R, Edwards W S. Elastic compression in the prevention of venous stasis. A critical reevaluation. Am J Surg, 1976, 132(6): 739–743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis CEJr, Antoine J, Mueller C, Talbot W A, Swaroop R, Edwards W S. Elastic compression in the prevention of venous stasis. A critical reevaluation. Am J Surg, 1976, 132(6): 739–743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arcelus JI, Caprini JA, Hoffman KN, Traverso CI, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Modifications of plasma levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor and endothelin-1 induced by a reverse Trendelenburg position: influence of elastic compression – preliminary results. J Vasc Surg, 1995, 22(5): 568–572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arcelus JI, Caprini JA, Hoffman KN, Traverso CI, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Modifications of plasma levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor and endothelin-1 induced by a reverse Trendelenburg position: influence of elastic compression – preliminary results. J Vasc Surg, 1995, 22(5): 568–572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agu O, Hamilton G, Baker D. Graduated compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Br J Surg, 1999, 86(8): 992– 1004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agu O, Hamilton G, Baker D. Graduated compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Br J Surg, 1999, 86(8): 992– 1004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan A, Williams J T, Bolton J P, Le Quesne L P. The use of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Br J Surg, 1983, 70(3): 172–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan A, Williams J T, Bolton J P, Le Quesne L P. The use of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Br J Surg, 1983, 70(3): 172–174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kakkos SK, Daskalopoulou SS, Daskalopoulos ME, Nicolaides AN, Geroulakos G. Review on the value of graduated elastic compression stockings after deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost, 2006, 96(4): 441–445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kakkos SK, Daskalopoulou SS, Daskalopoulos ME, Nicolaides AN, Geroulakos G. Review on the value of graduated elastic compression stockings after deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost, 2006, 96(4): 441–445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amaragiri SV, Lees TA. Elastic compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000, (3): CD001484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amaragiri SV, Lees TA. Elastic compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000, (3): CD001484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allwood MJ. The effect of an increased local pressure gradient on blood flow in the foot. Clin Sci (Lond), 1957, 16(2): 231–239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allwood MJ. The effect of an increased local pressure gradient on blood flow in the foot. Clin Sci (Lond), 1957, 16(2): 231–239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen AH, Frangos SG, Kilaru S, Sumpio BE. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices – physiological mechanisms of action. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2001, 21(5): 383–392.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen AH, Frangos SG, Kilaru S, Sumpio BE. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices – physiological mechanisms of action. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2001, 21(5): 383–392.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comerota AJ, Chouhan V, Harada RN, Sun L, Hosking J, Veermansunemi R, et al. The fibrinolytic effects of intermittent pneumatic compression: mechanism of enhanced fibrinolysis. Annals of Surgery, 1997, 226(3): 306-13, discussion 313-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comerota AJ, Chouhan V, Harada RN, Sun L, Hosking J, Veermansunemi R, et al. The fibrinolytic effects of intermittent pneumatic compression: mechanism of enhanced fibrinolysis. Annals of Surgery, 1997, 226(3): 306-13, discussion 313-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris RJ, Woodcock JP. Evidence-based compression: prevention of stasis and deep vein thrombosis. Ann Surg, 2004, 239(2): 162–171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris RJ, Woodcock JP. Evidence-based compression: prevention of stasis and deep vein thrombosis. Ann Surg, 2004, 239(2): 162–171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salzman EW, McManama GP, Shapiro AH et al. Effect of optimization of hemodynamics on fibrinolytic activity and antithrombotic efficacy of external pneumatic calf compression. Ann Surg, 1987, 206(5): 636–641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salzman EW, McManama GP, Shapiro AH et al. Effect of optimization of hemodynamics on fibrinolytic activity and antithrombotic efficacy of external pneumatic calf compression. Ann Surg, 1987, 206(5): 636–641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proctor MC, Greenfield LJ, Wakefield TW, Zajkowski PJ. A clinical comparison of pneumatic compression devices: the basis for selection. J Vasc Surg, 2001, 34: 459-463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proctor MC, Greenfield LJ, Wakefield TW, Zajkowski PJ. A clinical comparison of pneumatic compression devices: the basis for selection. J Vasc Surg, 2001, 34: 459-463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urbankova J, Quiroz R, Kucher N, Goldhaber SZ. Intermittent pneumatic compression and deep vein thrombosis prevention. A meta-analysis in postoperative patients. Thromb Haemost, 2005, 94(6): 1181–1185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urbankova J, Quiroz R, Kucher N, Goldhaber SZ. Intermittent pneumatic compression and deep vein thrombosis prevention. A meta-analysis in postoperative patients. Thromb Haemost, 2005, 94(6): 1181–1185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kakkos SK, Caprini JA, Geroulakos G, Nicolaides AN, Stansby G, Reddy DJ, Ntouvas I. Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016 Sep 7, 9: CD005258. Review.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kakkos SK, Caprini JA, Geroulakos G, Nicolaides AN, Stansby G, Reddy DJ, Ntouvas I. Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016 Sep 7, 9: CD005258. Review.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wille-Jørgensen P, Rasmussen MS, Andersen BR, Borly L. Heparins and mechanical methods for thromboprophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, 1: CD001217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wille-Jørgensen P, Rasmussen MS, Andersen BR, Borly L. Heparins and mechanical methods for thromboprophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, 1: CD001217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffin M, Nicolaides AN, Bond D, Geroulakos G, Kalodiki E. The efficacy of a new stimulation technology to increase venous flow and preventvenous stasis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2010 Dec, 40(6): 766-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.06.019. Epub 2010 Jul 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffin M, Nicolaides AN, Bond D, Geroulakos G, Kalodiki E. The efficacy of a new stimulation technology to increase venous flow and preventvenous stasis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2010 Dec, 40(6): 766-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.06.019. Epub 2010 Jul 22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorfa FSA, Drury FA, Sivyer A. A simple way to combat the venous stasis which occurs in the lower limbs during surgical operations. Br J Surg, 1964, 51: 486. doi: 10.1002/ bjs.1800510705.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorfa FSA, Drury FA, Sivyer A. A simple way to combat the venous stasis which occurs in the lower limbs during surgical operations. Br J Surg, 1964, 51: 486. doi: 10.1002/ bjs.1800510705.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Illingworth CFW, Dick BM. Surgical pathology. 6. London: Churchill, 1949.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Illingworth CFW, Dick BM. Surgical pathology. 6. London: Churchill, 1949.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doran FS, White M, Drury M. A clinical trial designed to test the relative value of two simple methods of reducing the risk of venous stasis in the lower limbs during surgical operations, the danger of thrombosis, and a subsequent pulmonary embolus, with a survey of the problem. Br J Surg, 1970, 57(1): 20–30. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800570105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doran FS, White M, Drury M. A clinical trial designed to test the relative value of two simple methods of reducing the risk of venous stasis in the lower limbs during surgical operations, the danger of thrombosis, and a subsequent pulmonary embolus, with a survey of the problem. Br J Surg, 1970, 57(1): 20–30. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800570105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muñoz FJ, Mismetti P, Poggio R, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: results from the RIETE Registry. Chest, 2008, 133(1): 143. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-1432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muñoz FJ, Mismetti P, Poggio R, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: results from the RIETE Registry. Chest, 2008, 133(1): 143. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-1432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howie C, Hughes H, Watts AC. Venous thromboembolism associated with hip and knee replacement over a ten-year period: a population-based study. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2005, 87: 1675–1680. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.87B12.16298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howie C, Hughes H, Watts AC. Venous thromboembolism associated with hip and knee replacement over a ten-year period: a population-based study. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2005, 87: 1675–1680. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.87B12.16298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicolaides AN, Kakkar VV, Field ES, Fish P Optimal electrical stimulus for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Br Med J, 1972 Sep 23, 3(5829): 756-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicolaides AN, Kakkar VV, Field ES, Fish P Optimal electrical stimulus for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Br Med J, 1972 Sep 23, 3(5829): 756-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broderick BJ, O’Briain DE, Breen PP, Kearns SR, Olaighin G A pilot evaluation of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) based methodology for the prevention of venous stasis during bed rest. Med Eng Phys, 2010 May, 32(4): 349-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broderick BJ, O’Briain DE, Breen PP, Kearns SR, Olaighin G A pilot evaluation of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) based methodology for the prevention of venous stasis during bed rest. Med Eng Phys, 2010 May, 32(4): 349-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kopetzky CD. Combined compression and electric stimulation therapy. Wien Med Wochenschr, 1994, 144(10-11): 238-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopetzky CD. Combined compression and electric stimulation therapy. Wien Med Wochenschr, 1994, 144(10-11): 238-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulz C, Engelmann B, Massberg S Crossroads of coagulation and innate immunity: the case of deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2013 Jun, 11(Suppl 1): 233-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulz C, Engelmann B, Massberg S Crossroads of coagulation and innate immunity: the case of deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost, 2013 Jun, 11(Suppl 1): 233-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Izumi M, Ikeuchi M, Aso K, Sugimura N, Kamimoto Y, Mitani T, Ueta T, Sato T, Yokoyama M, Sugiura T, Tani T Less deep vein thrombosis due to transcutaneous fibular nerve stimulation in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2015 Nov, 23(11): 3317-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izumi M, Ikeuchi M, Aso K, Sugimura N, Kamimoto Y, Mitani T, Ueta T, Sato T, Yokoyama M, Sugiura T, Tani T Less deep vein thrombosis due to transcutaneous fibular nerve stimulation in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2015 Nov, 23(11): 3317-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goyal A, Arora S, Batra S, Sharma R, Mittal MK, Sharma VK Role of calf muscle stimulation in the prevention of DVT in Indian patients undergoing surgeries for fractures around the hip. Indian J Orthop, 2012 Sep, 46(5): 532-541.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goyal A, Arora S, Batra S, Sharma R, Mittal MK, Sharma VK Role of calf muscle stimulation in the prevention of DVT in Indian patients undergoing surgeries for fractures around the hip. Indian J Orthop, 2012 Sep, 46(5): 532-541.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velmahos GC, Petrone P, Chan LS, Hanks SE, Brown CV, Demetriades D Electrostimulation for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in patients with major trauma: a prospective randomized study. Surgery, 2005 May, 137(5): 493-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velmahos GC, Petrone P, Chan LS, Hanks SE, Brown CV, Demetriades D Electrostimulation for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in patients with major trauma: a prospective randomized study. Surgery, 2005 May, 137(5): 493-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лобастов К.В., Бармотин Н.А., Баринов В.Е., Оболенский В.Н., Асратян С.А., Лаберко Л.А., Бояринцев В.В. Гемодинамическая и клиническая эффективность электро-мышечной стимуляции венозного оттока в профилактике послеоперационных венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия, 2013, 19(2): 84-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лобастов К.В., Бармотин Н.А., Баринов В.Е., Оболенский В.Н., Асратян С.А., Лаберко Л.А., Бояринцев В.В. Гемодинамическая и клиническая эффективность электро-мышечной стимуляции венозного оттока в профилактике послеоперационных венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия, 2013, 19(2): 84-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffin M, Nicolaides AN, Bond D, Geroulakos G, Kalodiki E. The efficacy of a new stimulation technology to increase venous flow and prevent venous stasis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2010 Dec, 40(6): 766-771.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffin M, Nicolaides AN, Bond D, Geroulakos G, Kalodiki E. The efficacy of a new stimulation technology to increase venous flow and prevent venous stasis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2010 Dec, 40(6): 766-771.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merli GJ, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF, Weitz HH, Henzes JH, Park CH, Jaweed MM. Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1988 Sep, 69(9): 661-664.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merli GJ, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF, Weitz HH, Henzes JH, Park CH, Jaweed MM. Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1988 Sep, 69(9): 661-664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aito S, Pieri A, D’Andrea M, Marcelli F, Cominelli E. Primary prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord. 2002 Jun;40(6):300-303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aito S, Pieri A, D’Andrea M, Marcelli F, Cominelli E. Primary prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord. 2002 Jun;40(6):300-303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tucker A, Maass A, Bain D, Chen LH, Azzam M, Dawson H, Johnston A Augmentation of venous, arterial and microvascular blood supply in the leg by isometric neuromuscular stimulation via the peroneal nerve. Int J Angiol, 2010 Spring, 19(1): e31-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tucker A, Maass A, Bain D, Chen LH, Azzam M, Dawson H, Johnston A Augmentation of venous, arterial and microvascular blood supply in the leg by isometric neuromuscular stimulation via the peroneal nerve. Int J Angiol, 2010 Spring, 19(1): e31-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polak A, Franek A, Taradaj J High-Voltage Pulsed Current Electrical Stimulation in Wound Treatment. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle), 2014 Feb 1, 3(2): 104-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polak A, Franek A, Taradaj J High-Voltage Pulsed Current Electrical Stimulation in Wound Treatment. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle), 2014 Feb 1, 3(2): 104-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawasaki L, Mushahwar VK, Ho C, Dukelow SP, Chan LL, Chan KM The mechanisms and evidence of efficacy of electrical stimulation for healing of pressure ulcer: a systematic review. Wound Repair Regen, 2014 Mar-Apr, 22(2): 161-173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawasaki L, Mushahwar VK, Ho C, Dukelow SP, Chan LL, Chan KM The mechanisms and evidence of efficacy of electrical stimulation for healing of pressure ulcer: a systematic review. Wound Repair Regen, 2014 Mar-Apr, 22(2): 161-173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneck MJ Venous thromboembolism in neurologic disease. Handb Clin Neurol, 2014, 119: 289-304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneck MJ Venous thromboembolism in neurologic disease. Handb Clin Neurol, 2014, 119: 289-304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gloviczki P et al. Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum. The care of patients with varicose veins and associated chronic venous diseases: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum. J Vasc Surg, 2011 May, 53(5 Suppl): 2S-48S. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gloviczki P et al. Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum. The care of patients with varicose veins and associated chronic venous diseases: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum. J Vasc Surg, 2011 May, 53(5 Suppl): 2S-48S. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронических заболеваний вен. Флебология, 2013, 7(2): 18-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронических заболеваний вен. Флебология, 2013, 7(2): 18-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moneta GL, Partsch H. Compression therapy for venous ulceration. In: Gloviczki P, editor. Handbook of venous disorders: guidelines of the American Venous Forum. 3rd ed. London: Hodder Arnold, 2009: 348-358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moneta GL, Partsch H. Compression therapy for venous ulceration. In: Gloviczki P, editor. Handbook of venous disorders: guidelines of the American Venous Forum. 3rd ed. London: Hodder Arnold, 2009: 348-358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rohan CP, Badel P, Lun B, Rastel D, Avril S. Biomechanical response of varicose veins to elastic compression: a numerical study. J Biomech, 2013, 46(3): 599-603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rohan CP, Badel P, Lun B, Rastel D, Avril S. Biomechanical response of varicose veins to elastic compression: a numerical study. J Biomech, 2013, 46(3): 599-603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariani F (ed.). Compression. Consensus document based on scientific evidence and clinical experiences. Minerva Medica (Torino) 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariani F (ed.). Compression. Consensus document based on scientific evidence and clinical experiences. Minerva Medica (Torino) 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partsch H. Understanding the pathophysio-logical effects of compression. In: ewma position document. Understanding compression therapy. London: Mep Ltd 2003: 2-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partsch H. Understanding the pathophysio-logical effects of compression. In: ewma position document. Understanding compression therapy. London: Mep Ltd 2003: 2-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partsch B, Partsch H. Calf compression pressure required to achieve venous closure from supine to standing positions. J Vasc Surg, 2005, 42: 734-738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partsch B, Partsch H. Calf compression pressure required to achieve venous closure from supine to standing positions. J Vasc Surg, 2005, 42: 734-738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee BB, Nicolaides AN, Myers K, et al Venous hemodynamic changes in lower limb venous disease: the UIP consensus according to scientific evidence. Int Angiol, 2016 Jun, 35(3): 236-352. Epub 2016 Mar 24. PMID: 27013029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee BB, Nicolaides AN, Myers K, et al Venous hemodynamic changes in lower limb venous disease: the UIP consensus according to scientific evidence. Int Angiol, 2016 Jun, 35(3): 236-352. Epub 2016 Mar 24. PMID: 27013029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konschake W, Riebe H, Pediaditi P, Haase H, Jünger M, Lutze S. Compression in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency: Efficacy depending on the length of the stocking. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc, 2016, 64(3): 425-434. doi: 10.3233/CH-168122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konschake W, Riebe H, Pediaditi P, Haase H, Jünger M, Lutze S. Compression in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency: Efficacy depending on the length of the stocking. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc, 2016, 64(3): 425-434. doi: 10.3233/CH-168122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Downie SP, Raynor SM, Firmin DN, Wood NB, Thom SA, Hughes AO, Parker KH, Wolfe YH, Xu XY. Effects of elastic compression stockings on wall shear stress in deep and superficial veins of the calf. Am J Physiol Heart Circulat Phys, 2008, 294: 5: 2112-2120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Downie SP, Raynor SM, Firmin DN, Wood NB, Thom SA, Hughes AO, Parker KH, Wolfe YH, Xu XY. Effects of elastic compression stockings on wall shear stress in deep and superficial veins of the calf. Am J Physiol Heart Circulat Phys, 2008, 294: 5: 2112-2120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partsch B, Partsch H. New aspects of compression therapy. Wien Med Wochenschr, 2016 Jun, 166(9-10): 305-11. doi: 10.1007/s10354-016-0467-9. Epub 2016 Jun 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partsch B, Partsch H. New aspects of compression therapy. Wien Med Wochenschr, 2016 Jun, 166(9-10): 305-11. doi: 10.1007/s10354-016-0467-9. Epub 2016 Jun 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириенко А.И., Кошкин В.М., Богачев В.Ю. Амбулаторная ангиология. М.: Литтера 2007: 162-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кириенко А.И., Кошкин В.М., Богачев В.Ю. Амбулаторная ангиология. М.: Литтера 2007: 162-164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deutsches institut fr gtesicherung und ken-nzeichnung medizinische kompressionsstr̈mpfe RALGZ 387. Berlin: BeuthVerlag, 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deutsches institut fr gtesicherung und ken-nzeichnung medizinische kompressionsstr̈mpfe RALGZ 387. Berlin: BeuthVerlag, 1987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palfreyman SJ, Michaels JA. A systematic review of compression hosiery for uncomplicated varicose veins. Phlebology, 2009, 24(suppl 1): 13-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palfreyman SJ, Michaels JA. A systematic review of compression hosiery for uncomplicated varicose veins. Phlebology, 2009, 24(suppl 1): 13-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amsler F, Blattler W. Compression therapy for occupational leg symptoms and chronic venous disorders: a meta-analysis of ran-domized controlled trials. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2008, 35: 366-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amsler F, Blattler W. Compression therapy for occupational leg symptoms and chronic venous disorders: a meta-analysis of ran-domized controlled trials. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2008, 35: 366-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vandongen YK, Stacey MC. Graduated compression stockings reduce lipodermatosclerosis and ulcer recurrence. Phlebology, 2000, 15: 33-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vandongen YK, Stacey MC. Graduated compression stockings reduce lipodermatosclerosis and ulcer recurrence. Phlebology, 2000, 15: 33-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Meara S, Cullum N, Nelson EA, Dumville YC. Compression for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, 11: CD000265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Meara S, Cullum N, Nelson EA, Dumville YC. Compression for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, 11: CD000265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Motykie GD, Caprini JA, Arcelus JI, Reyna YY, Overom E, Mokhtee D. Evaluation of therapeutic review of compression hosiery for uncomplicated varicose veins. Dermatol Surg, 1999, 25: 116-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Motykie GD, Caprini JA, Arcelus JI, Reyna YY, Overom E, Mokhtee D. Evaluation of therapeutic review of compression hosiery for uncomplicated varicose veins. Dermatol Surg, 1999, 25: 116-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partsch H. Compression therapy: clinical and experimental evidence. Ann Vasc Dis, 2012, 5(4): 416-422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partsch H. Compression therapy: clinical and experimental evidence. Ann Vasc Dis, 2012, 5(4): 416-422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
