<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2018-1-64-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-2270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИЛЕПСИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPILEPSY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Феноменология и терапия аффективных расстройств при эпилепсии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHENOMENOLOGY AND THERAPY OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS IN EPILEPSIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усюкина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usyukina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии им. В.П. Сербского Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Усюкина М.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Усюкина М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Usyukina M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2270">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2270</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложена типология аффективных расстройств при эпилепсии, включающая преиктальные, иктальные, интериктальные и постиктальные состояния. Рассмотрены различные варианты аффективных состояний (депрессивные, дисфорические, маниакальные) при эпилепсии. В зависимости от степени выраженности депрессивной симптоматики выделены легкая, умеренная и тяжелая депрессии при эпилепсии. Представлены клинические наблюдения больных с эпилепсией, в которых показана эффективность антиконвульсантов в отношении аффективных расстройств.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper proposes a typology of affective disorders in epilepsy, including preictal, ictal, interictal and postictal states. It also discusses various variants of affective states (depressive, dysphoric, manic) in epilepsy. Mild, moderate and severe depression has been identified in patients with epilepsy depending on the degree of severity of depressive symptoms. The paper describes the clinical impressions of patients with epilepsy which showed the efficacy of anticonvulsants in affective disorders.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>аффективные расстройства</kwd><kwd>диагностика и лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>affective disorders</kwd><kwd>diagnostics and treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blumer D. Epilepsy and suicide: a neuropsychiatric analysis. The neuropsychiatry of epilepsy, 2002: 107-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blumer D. Epilepsy and suicide: a neuropsychiatric analysis. The neuropsychiatry of epilepsy, 2002: 107-116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. Do epilepsy and psychiatric disorders share common pathogenic mechanisms? A look at depression and epilepsy. Clinical Neuroscience Research, 2004, 4: 31–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. Do epilepsy and psychiatric disorders share common pathogenic mechanisms? A look at depression and epilepsy. Clinical Neuroscience Research, 2004, 4: 31–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. Corrigendum to Depression and epilepsy: Epidemiologic and neurobiologic perspectives that may explain their high comorbid occurrence. Epilepsy &amp; Behavior, 2014, 32: 170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. Corrigendum to Depression and epilepsy: Epidemiologic and neurobiologic perspectives that may explain their high comorbid occurrence. Epilepsy &amp; Behavior, 2014, 32: 170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mula M. The interictal dysphoric disorder of epilepsy: a still open debate. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep., 2013, 13(6): 355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mula M. The interictal dysphoric disorder of epilepsy: a still open debate. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep., 2013, 13(6): 355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phabphal K, Sattawatcharawanich S, Sathirapunya P, Limapichart K. Anxiety and depression in Thai epileptic patients. J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 2007, 90(10): 2010–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phabphal K, Sattawatcharawanich S, Sathirapunya P, Limapichart K. Anxiety and depression in Thai epileptic patients. J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 2007, 90(10): 2010–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazarati A, Siddarth P, Baldwin RA, Shin D, Caplan R, Sankar R. Depression after status epilepticus: behavioural and biochemical deficits and effects of fluoxetine. Brain, 2008, 131(8): 2071–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazarati A, Siddarth P, Baldwin RA, Shin D, Caplan R, Sankar R. Depression after status epilepticus: behavioural and biochemical deficits and effects of fluoxetine. Brain, 2008, 131(8): 2071–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thapar A, Kerr M, Harold G. Stress, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy: investigating the relationship between psychological factors and seizures. Epilepsy Behav, 2009, 14(1): 134–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thapar A, Kerr M, Harold G. Stress, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy: investigating the relationship between psychological factors and seizures. Epilepsy Behav, 2009, 14(1): 134–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehndiratta P, Sajatovic M. Treatments for patients with comorbid epilepsy and depression: a systematic literature review. Epilepsy Behav, 2013, 28(1): 36–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehndiratta P, Sajatovic M. Treatments for patients with comorbid epilepsy and depression: a systematic literature review. Epilepsy Behav, 2013, 28(1): 36–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mula M. Treatment of anxiety disorders in epilepsy: an evidence-based approach. Epilepsia. 2013, 54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mula M. Treatment of anxiety disorders in epilepsy: an evidence-based approach. Epilepsia. 2013, 54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elger CE, Schmidt D. Modern management of epilepsy: a practical approach. Epilepsy Behav, 2008, 12(4): 501–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elger CE, Schmidt D. Modern management of epilepsy: a practical approach. Epilepsy Behav, 2008, 12(4): 501–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. Depression and epilepsy: a new perspective on two closely related disorders. Epilepsy Curr, 2006, 6(5): 141–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. Depression and epilepsy: a new perspective on two closely related disorders. Epilepsy Curr, 2006, 6(5): 141–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher PL, Noble AJ. Anxiety and depression in people with epilepsy. The contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs, 2017, 50: 153-159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher PL, Noble AJ. Anxiety and depression in people with epilepsy. The contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs, 2017, 50: 153-159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. Psychiatric comorbidities in new onset epilepsy: Should they be always investigated? Seizure, 2017, 49: 79-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. Psychiatric comorbidities in new onset epilepsy: Should they be always investigated? Seizure, 2017, 49: 79-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher PL, Noble AJ. Anxiety and depression in people with epilepsy. The contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs, 2017 Aug, 50: 153-159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher PL, Noble AJ. Anxiety and depression in people with epilepsy. The contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs, 2017 Aug, 50: 153-159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. The treatment of depressive disorders in epilepsy: what all neurologists should know. Epilepsia, 2013, 54: 3–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. The treatment of depressive disorders in epilepsy: what all neurologists should know. Epilepsia, 2013, 54: 3–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johannessen SI, Ben-Menachem E. Management of focal-onset seizures: an update on drug treatment. Drugs, 2006, 66(13): 1701–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johannessen SI, Ben-Menachem E. Management of focal-onset seizures: an update on drug treatment. Drugs, 2006, 66(13): 1701–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiglusz MS, Cubała WJ, Gałuszko-Węgielnik M, Jakus z kowiak-Wojten K, Landowski J. Mood disorders in epilepsy - diagnostic and methodological considerations. Psychiatr Danub, 2012 Sep, 24: 44-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiglusz MS, Cubała WJ, Gałuszko-Węgielnik M, Jakus z kowiak-Wojten K, Landowski J. Mood disorders in epilepsy - diagnostic and methodological considerations. Psychiatr Danub, 2012 Sep, 24: 44-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrade-Machado R, Ochoa-Urrea M, Garcia-Espinosa A. Suicidal risk, affective dysphoric disorders, and quality-of-life perception in patients with focal refractoryepilepsy. Epilepsy and Bihavior, 2015, 45: 254-260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrade-Machado R, Ochoa-Urrea M, Garcia-Espinosa A. Suicidal risk, affective dysphoric disorders, and quality-of-life perception in patients with focal refractoryepilepsy. Epilepsy and Bihavior, 2015, 45: 254-260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mula M, Jauch R, Cavanna A, Gaus V, Kretz R, Collimedaglia L, Barbagli D, Cantello R, Monaco F, Schmitz B. Interictal dysphoric disorder and periictal dysphoric symptoms in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(7): 1139–1145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mula M, Jauch R, Cavanna A, Gaus V, Kretz R, Collimedaglia L, Barbagli D, Cantello R, Monaco F, Schmitz B. Interictal dysphoric disorder and periictal dysphoric symptoms in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(7): 1139–1145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beletsky V, Mirsattari SM. Epilepsy, Mental Health Disorder, or Both? Epilepsy Res Treat, 2012, 2012: 163731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beletsky V, Mirsattari SM. Epilepsy, Mental Health Disorder, or Both? Epilepsy Res Treat, 2012, 2012: 163731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrade-Machado R, Ochoa-Urrea M, Garcia-Espi nosa A, Benjumea-Cuartas V, Santos-Santos A. Sui cidal risk, affective dysphoric disorders, and quality-of-life perception in patients with focal refractoryepilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2015, 45: 254-260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrade-Machado R, Ochoa-Urrea M, Garcia-Espi nosa A, Benjumea-Cuartas V, Santos-Santos A. Sui cidal risk, affective dysphoric disorders, and quality-of-life perception in patients with focal refractoryepilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2015, 45: 254-260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Lima C, de Lira CA, Arida RM, Andersen ML, Matos G, de Figueiredo Ferreira Guilhoto LM et al. Association between leisure time, physical activity, and mood disorder levels in individuals with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2013, 28(1): 47–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Lima C, de Lira CA, Arida RM, Andersen ML, Matos G, de Figueiredo Ferreira Guilhoto LM et al. Association between leisure time, physical activity, and mood disorder levels in individuals with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav, 2013, 28(1): 47–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kimiskidis VK, Triantafyllou NI, Kararizou E, Gatzonis SS, Fountoulakis KN, Siatouni A et al. Depression and anxiety in epilepsy: the association with demographic and seizure-related variables. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry., 2007, 6: 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimiskidis VK, Triantafyllou NI, Kararizou E, Gatzonis SS, Fountoulakis KN, Siatouni A et al. Depression and anxiety in epilepsy: the association with demographic and seizure-related variables. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry., 2007, 6: 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ribot R, Ouyang B, Kanner AM. The impact of antidepressants on seizure frequency and depressive and anxietydisorders of patients with epilepsy: Is it worth investigating? Epilepsy Behav, 2017 May, 70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ribot R, Ouyang B, Kanner AM. The impact of antidepressants on seizure frequency and depressive and anxietydisorders of patients with epilepsy: Is it worth investigating? Epilepsy Behav, 2017 May, 70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazarati A et al. Depression after status epilepticus: behavioural and biochemical deficits and effects of fluoxetine. Bain, 2008, 131: 2071-2083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazarati A et al. Depression after status epilepticus: behavioural and biochemical deficits and effects of fluoxetine. Bain, 2008, 131: 2071-2083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. Mood disorder and epilepsy and epilepsy: a neurobiologic perspective of their relationship. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 2008, 10: 39-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. Mood disorder and epilepsy and epilepsy: a neurobiologic perspective of their relationship. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 2008, 10: 39-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koh S, Magid R, Chung H, Stine CD, Wilson DN. Depressive behavior and selective down-regulation of serotonin receptor expression after early-life seizures: reversal by environmental enrichment. Epilepsy Behav, 2007, 10(1): 26–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koh S, Magid R, Chung H, Stine CD, Wilson DN. Depressive behavior and selective down-regulation of serotonin receptor expression after early-life seizures: reversal by environmental enrichment. Epilepsy Behav, 2007, 10(1): 26–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woif P. Praxisbuch Epilepsien. Diagnostik, Behandlung, Rehabilitation. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 2003. 394 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woif P. Praxisbuch Epilepsien. Diagnostik, Behandlung, Rehabilitation. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 2003. 394 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devinsky O. Is Behavior in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Different than in Other Epilepsies? The Jury Is Out. Epilepsy Curr, 2007, 7(4): 95–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devinsky O. Is Behavior in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Different than in Other Epilepsies? The Jury Is Out. Epilepsy Curr, 2007, 7(4): 95–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dudra-Jastrzebska M et al. Mood disorders in patients with epilepsy. Pharmacological reports, 2007, 59: 369–378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudra-Jastrzebska M et al. Mood disorders in patients with epilepsy. Pharmacological reports, 2007, 59: 369–378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зенков Л.Р. Фармакологическое лечение эпилепсии. РМЖ, 2000, 10: 411-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зенков Л.Р. Фармакологическое лечение эпилепсии. РМЖ, 2000, 10: 411-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loring DW, Meador KJ. Cognitive and Behavi oral</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loring DW, Meador KJ. Cognitive and Behavi oral</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ef fects of Epilepsy Treatment. Epilepsia, 2001, 42: 24–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ef fects of Epilepsy Treatment. Epilepsia, 2001, 42: 24–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM. The treatment of depressive disorders in epilepsy: What all neurologists should know. Epilepsia, 2013, 54: 3–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM. The treatment of depressive disorders in epilepsy: What all neurologists should know. Epilepsia, 2013, 54: 3–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mula M, Trimble MR. Pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptic and antideprecant drugs. World J. Biological Psychiftry, 2003, 4: 21-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mula M, Trimble MR. Pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptic and antideprecant drugs. World J. Biological Psychiftry, 2003, 4: 21-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanner AM, Ribot R. Depression. In Neuro psychiatric symptoms of Epilepsy Mula M. Editor. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 2016: 25-41</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanner AM, Ribot R. Depression. In Neuro psychiatric symptoms of Epilepsy Mula M. Editor. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 2016: 25-41</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yilmaz Z, Ceschi A, Rauber-Luthy C et al. Escitalopram causes fewer seizures in human overdose that citalopram. Clin. Toxicol. (Plila), 2010, l48: 207-212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yilmaz Z, Ceschi A, Rauber-Luthy C et al. Escitalopram causes fewer seizures in human overdose that citalopram. Clin. Toxicol. (Plila), 2010, l48: 207-212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Specchio LM, Ludice A, Specchio N. Citalopram as treatment of depression in patients with epilepsy. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2004, 27: 133-136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Specchio LM, Ludice A, Specchio N. Citalopram as treatment of depression in patients with epilepsy. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2004, 27: 133-136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
