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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2018-4-74-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-2336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДРУГИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OTHER PROBLEMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вопросы дифференциальной диагностики и лечения центрального несахарного диабета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of differential diagnosis and management of central diabetes insipidus / differential diagnosis and management of central diabetes insipidus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вагапова</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vagapova</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Академии наук Республики Татарстан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Prof., Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy, Branch, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вагапова Г.Р., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вагапова Г.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vagapova G.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2336">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2336</self-uri><abstract><p>Несахарный диабет (НД) – это синдром, характеризующийся экскрецией большого количества низкоосмолярной мочи, причинами которого являются две группы патологических состояний, имеющих принципиальные различия как в механизмах возникновения, так и в исходах и принципах терапии. Первая группа заболеваний включает центральный НД, имеющий в своей основе дефицит антидиуретического гормона – аргинин-вазопрессина (АВП), и нефрогенный НД, развивающийся вследствие нарушения биологического действия АВП на почки. Вторая группа представлена состояниями, характеризующимися подавлением продукции АВП в ответ на чрезмерное потребление жидкости, – первичная полидипсия. В обзоре представлены методы дифференциальной диагностики НД. В статье делается акцент на необходимости функциональных тестов и МРТ головного мозга для точной диагностики центрального НД. Также обсуждаются общие алгоритмы лечения НД и управления НД у нейрохирургических пациентов. В статье приведены сравнительные данные по эффективности и безопасности различных фармакологических форм десмопрессина при лечении центрального НД.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a syndrome characterized by the excretion of abnormally large volumes of diluted urine. It can be caused by two fundamentally different defects that must be distinguished for safe and effective management. First: central DI, due to inadequate production/secretion of vasopressin (AVP) and nephrogenic DI, due to renal insensitivity to AVP. Second: primary polydipsia, due to suppression of AVP secretion by excessive fluid intake. This review provides methods of differential diagnosis of DI. The article highlights the availability of functional tests and pituitary MRI in correct diagnosis of central DI. Common treatment algorithms of DI and management of DI in the neurosurgical patients are also discussed. The article provides comparative data of the efficacy and safety of various pharmacological forms of desmopressin in the treatment of central DI.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>несахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>десмопрессин</kwd><kwd>дифференциальный диагноз</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>нейрохирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes insipidus</kwd><kwd>desmopressin</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>neurosurgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савин И.А., Горячев А.С. Водно-электролитные нарушения в нейрореанимации. М.: АКСИОМ ГРАФИКС ЮНИОН, 2015. 332 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savin IA, Goryachev AS. Water-electrolyte disorders in neuroreanimation. 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