<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2018-6-85-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-2380</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль дисбиоза кишечника в развитии митохондриальной дисфункции и неалкогольной жировой болезни печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of intestinal disbiosis in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in medicine</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситкин</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitkin</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in medicine</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchenko</surname><given-names>V, G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Prof.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Селиверстов П.В., Ситкин С.И., Радченко В.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Селиверстов П.В., Ситкин С.И., Радченко В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seliverstov P.V., Sitkin S.I., Radchenko V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2380">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2380</self-uri><abstract><p>С учетом многочисленных метаболических функций микрофлоры нарушение ее колонизационной резистентности рассматривается как пусковой фактор развития ряда различных заболеваний. Так, исследования, проведенные в последние годы, демонстрируют значимую связь дисбиотических нарушений кишечной микрофлоры с патогенезом НАЖБП, возникающей вследствие повреждения митохондрий. Доказано, что дисфункция митохондрий играет значительную роль в развитии ПОЛ, которое приводит не только к повреждению мембран, некрозу и апоптозу гепатоцитов, но и к прогрессированию стеатоза. Клинические признаки острых и хронических заболеваний печени свидетельствуют о том, что, независимо от их этиологии, в клинических проявлениях на первый план выходят явления, характерные для митохондриальной дисфункции. Представленные в статье данные демонстрируют значимость дисбиотических изменений в развитии митохондриальной дисфункции, формировании стеатоза при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени с последующей трансформацией его в стеатогепатит и прогрессированием до фиброза и цирроза.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Taking into account the numerous metabolic functions of microflora, violation of its colonization resistance is considered as a trigger factor in the development of a number of different diseases. Thus, studies conducted in recent years demonstrate a significant relationship of dysbiotic intestinal microflora disorders with the pathogenesis of NAFLD, caused by damage to the mitochondria. It is proved that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role not only in the development of SEX, which leads to membrane damage, necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes, but also to the progression of steatosis. Clinical signs of acute and chronic liver disease suggests that, regardless of their etiology, clinical manifestations, come to the fore phenomena are typical for mitochondrial dysfunction. The data presented in the article demonstrate the importance of dysbiotic changes in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction, the formation of steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with its subsequent transformation into steatohepatitis and progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>НАЖБП</kwd><kwd>стеатоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>liver</kwd><kwd>NAFLD</kwd><kwd>steatosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радченко В.Г. и соавт. Алгоритм лечения неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и роль митохондриальной дисфункции в ее развитии. Фарматека, 2017, 6: 14-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radchenko VG. et al. The treatment algorithm for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of NAFLD. Pharmatek, 2017, 6: 14-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В.М. Роль условно-патогенных бактерий при хронических воспалительных процессах различной локализации. Тверь: Триада, 2011. 88 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko VM. The role of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in chronic inflammatory processes of various localizations. Tver: Triada, 2011. 88 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В.М., Мацулевич Т.В. Дисбактериоз кишечника как клинико-лабораторный синдром: современное состояние проблемы: руководство для врачей. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2007. 304 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko VM, Matsulevich ТV. Intestine dysbacteriosis as a clinical and laboratory syndrome: status update on the problem: a guide for practitioners. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. 304 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В.М. Дисбактериоз. М.: Медицина, 1994, с. 334./ Bondarenko VM. Dysbacteriosis. M.: Meditsina, 1994, p. 334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko VM. Dysbacteriosis. M.: Meditsina, 1994, p. 334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев А.А., Лыкова Е.А. Бактерии нормальной микрофлоры: биологические свойства и защитные функции. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии, 1999, 6: 102–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobiev AA, Lykova EA. Normal microflora bacteria: biological properties and protective functions. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii, 1999, 6: 102-105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев А.А., Несвижский Ю.В., Зуденков А.Е. и др. Сравнительное изучение пристеночной и просветной микрофлоры толстой кишки в эксперименте на мышах. Журн. микробиол., эпиде-миол. и иммунобиол., 2001, 1: 62–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobiev AA, Nesvizhsky YuV, Zudenkov AE, et al. A comparative study of parietal and luminal colon micro-flora in an experiment in mice. Zhurn. Mikrobiol., Epidemiol. i Immunobiol., 2001, 1: 62-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Габриелян Н.И., Горская Е.М., Снегова Н.Д. Функции микрофлоры желудочно-кишечного тракта и последствия ее нарушений после хирургических вмешательств. Антибиотики и химиотерапия, 2000, 9: 24–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabrielyan NI, Gorskaya EM, Snegova ND. Functions of the gastrointestinal tract microflora and the consequences of its disorders after surgical interventions. Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya, 2000, 9: 24-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гриневич В.Б., Успенский Ю.П., Добрынин В.М. и др. Клинические аспекты диагностики и лечения дисбиоза кишечника в общетерапевтической практике. СПб., 2003, с. 36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grinevich VB, Uspensky YuP, Dobrynin VМ, et al. Clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in general therapeutic practice. SPb., 2003, p. 36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ситкин С.И. и соавт. Дисбиоз кишечника при язвенном колите и целиакии и его терапевтическая коррекция с помощью масляной кислоты в комбинации с инулином. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология, 2017, 142(6): 77-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitkin SI, et al. Dysbiosis in ulcerative colitis and celiac disease and its therapeutic correction by butyric acid plus inulin. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol, 2017,(6):77–98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерофеев Н.П., Селиверстов П.В., Радченко В.Г. Клиническая физиология толстой кишки. Механизмы действия короткоцепочечных жирных кислот в норме и при патологии. М.: ООО «4ТЕ АРТ», 2012. 56 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erofeev NP, Seliverstov PV, Radchenko VG. Clinical physiology of the colon. Mechanisms of action of short-chain fatty acids in normal and pathological conditions. M .: «4TE ART» LLC, 2012. 56 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закиров И.Г. Дисбактериоз кишечника при хронических вирусных гепатитах. Казань, 2003. 86 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakirov IG. Intestinal dysbacteriosis in chronic viral hepatitis. Kazan, 2003. 86 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т. Болезни печени и желчевыводящих путей. Рук-во для врачей. ИД «М-Вести», 2002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin VT. Liver and bile duct disorders. A guide for practitioners. M-Vesti Publishing House, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коршунов В.М. и др. Качественный состав нормальной микрофлоры кишечника у лиц различных возрастных групп. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии, 2001, 2: 57–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korshunov VM, at al. The qualitative composition of normal intestinal microflora in subjects of various age groups. Zhurnal Mikrobio logii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii, 2001, 2: 57-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгов В.В. и др. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. Национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2012. 928 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgov VV. Clinical laboratory diagnostics. National guidelines. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2012. 928 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корвякова Е.Р. Дисбиоз кишечника после бактериальных инфекций и способы его коррекции. Автореф. дис. … д-ра мед. наук. СПб., 2000, с. 44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korvyakova ER. Intestinal disbiosis after bacterial infections and methods of its correction. Synopsis of thesis. MD. SPb, 2000, p. 44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минушкин О.Н., Ардатская М.Д. Дисбактериоз (дисбиоз) кишечника: современное представлени, диагностика и лечебная коррекция. М., 2008. 50 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minushkin ON, Ardatskaya M.D. Dysbacteri osis (dysbiosis) of the intestine: modern presentation, diagnosis and treatment correction. M., 2008. 50 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ситкин С.И. и соавт. Нарушения микробного и эндогенного метаболизма при язвенном колите и целиакии: метаболомный подход к выявлению потенциальных биомаркеров хронического воспаления в кишечнике, связанного с дисбиозом. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология, 2017, 143(7): 4-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitkin SI, et al. Gut microbial and endogenous metabolism alterations in ulcerative colitis and celiac disease: A metabolomics approach to identify candidate biomarkers of chronic intestinal inflammation associated with dysbiosis. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol, 2017,(7):4–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazebnik LB, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: clinic, diagnostics, treatment (recommendations for therapists, 2nd edition). Eksp Klin Gastroenterol, 2017,(2):22–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазебник Л.Б. и соавт. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: клиника, диагностика, лечение (рекомендации для терапевтов, 2-я вер-сия). Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология, 2017, 2(138): 22–37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Industry standard OST 91500.11.0004-2003 «Protocol of patients management. Dysbacteriosis of the intestine. « Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 231 of 09.06.2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Отраслевой стандарт ОСТ 91500.11.0004-2003 «Протокол ведения больных. Дисбактериоз кишечника». Приказ Министерства здравоохранения РФ №231 от 09.06.2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov LN. Bacterial probiotics: biotechnology, clinic, choice algorithm. SPb: Federal State Unitary Enterprise State Research Institute of Especially Pure Bioproducts. 2008, p. 31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров Л.Н. Бактериальные пробиотики: биотехнология, клиника, алгоритм выбора. СПб.: ФГУП Гос. НИИ ОЧБ. 2008, с. 31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petukhov VA, Sternina LA, Travkin AE. Liver dysfunction and dysbiosis in Saveliev lipid distress syndrome: a modern view of the problem. Consilium Medicum, 2004, 6 (6): 406-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петухов В.А., Стернина Л.А., Травкин А.Е. Нарушения функций печени и дисбиоз при липидном дистресс-синдроме Савельева: современный взгляд на проблему. Consilium Medicum, 2004, 6(6): 406–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radchenko VG, et al. Dietary fiber in clinical practice. Klinicheskie Perspektivy Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii, 2010, 1: 20-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радченко В.Г. и соавт. Пищевые волокна в клинической практике. Клинические перспективы гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, 2010, 1: 20–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chikhacheva EA. Enhancement of therapy efficacy in patients with liver diseases against the background of intestinal dysbiosis associated with altered short-chain fatty acids. Lechashchiy Vrach, 2013, 1: 1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чихачева Е.А. Повышение эффективности терапии больных с заболеваниями печени на фоне дисбиоза кишечника короткоцепочечными жирными кислотами. Лечащий Врач, 2013, 1: 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radchenko VG, Shabrov AV, Zinovieva EN, Sitkin SI. Liver and bile duct diseases: a guide for practitioners. SPb.: SpecLit, 2011. 526 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радченко В.Г., Шабров А.В., Зиновьева Е.Н., Ситкин С.И. Заболевания печени и желчевыводящих путей: руководство для врачей. СПб.: СпецЛит, 2011. 526 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radchenko VG, Safronenkova IG, Seliverstov PV. Clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with chronic liver diseases. St. Petersburg, 2009, 28 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радченко В.Г., Сафроненкова И.Г., Селиверстов П.В. и др. Клинические аспекты диагностики и лечения дисбиоза кишечника у больных хроническими заболеваниями печени. СПб., 2009, 28 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radchenko VG, Sitkin SI, Seliverstov PV. Principles of diagnosis and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with chronic liver diseases. SPb, 2010, 36 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радченко В.Г., Ситкин С.И., Селиверстов П.В. Принципы диагностики и лечения дисбиоза кишечника у больных хроническими заболеваниями печени. СПб., 2010, 36 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teterina LA, et al. The role of the colon microflora in the development of latent hepatic encephalopathy. Lechashchiy Vrach, 2012, 9: 73-78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тетерина Л.А. и соавт. Роль микрофлоры толстой кишки в развитии латентной печеночной энцефалопатии. Лечащий врач, 2012, 9: 73–78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radchenko VG, Suvorov AN, Sitkin SI, Seliverstov PV, Teterina LA. Therapeutic potential of synbiotics in patients with chronic liver diseases. St. Petersburg, 2010, 30 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радченко В.Г., Суворов А.Н., Ситкин С.И., Селиверстов П.В., Тетерина Л.А. Возможности применения синбиотиков у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями печени. СПб., 2010, 30 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seliverstov PV, et al. The role of intestinal microbiocenosis and microbiota exometabo-lites disorders in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterologiya Sankt-Peterburga, 2016, 3–4: M21-M22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селиверстов П.В. и соавт. Роль нарушений микробиоценоза кишечника и экзометаболитов микробиоты в развитии неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Гастро энтерология Санкт-Петербурга, 2016, 3–4: М21–М22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seliverstov PV, Radchenko VG. The role of mitochondrial cytopathy in steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Effektivnaya Farmakoterapiya, 2017, 16: 16-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селиверстов П.В., Радченко В.Г. Роль митохондриальной цитопатии при стеатозе у больных неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Эффективная фармакотерапия, 2017, 16: 16-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seliverstov PV. Intestinal dysbiosis and its correction methods in patients with chronic liver diseases. Synopsis of thesis. PhD in medicine. St. Petersburg, 2011. 23 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селиверстов П.В. Дисбиоз кишечника и пути коррекции у больных с хроническими заболеваниями печени. Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. СПб., 2011. 23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seliverstov PV, Sitkin SI, Radchenko VG, Lazebnik LB, Avalueva EB, Vakhitov TYa, Demyanova EV, Skvortsova TE, Prikhodko EM, Suvorova MA. Saccharomyces boulardii modulates the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), thus preventing the progression of the disease. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol, 2018,(2).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селиверстов П.В., Ситкин С.И., Радченко В.Г., Лазебник Л.Б., Авалуева Е.Б., Вахитов Т.Я., Демьянова Е.В., Скворцова Т.Э., Приходько Е.М., Суворова М.А. Saccharomyces boulardii модулируют состав микробиоты кишечника у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБП), препятствуя прогрессированию заболевания. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология, 2018, 2(150).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachenko EI. Nutrition, human endoecology, health, illness. A modern view of the problem of their interrelations. Terapevticheskiy Arkhiv, 2004, 2: 67-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко Е.И. Питание, эндоэкология человека, здоровье, болезни. Современный взгляд на проблему их взаимосвязей. Терапевтический архив, 2004, 2: 67–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachenko EI. Theory of adequate nutrition and trophology as a methodological basis for the treatment and prevention of internal organs diseases. Rossiyskiy Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, Gepatologii, Kolonoproktologii, 2001, 11 (4): 15-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко Е.И. Теория адекватного питания и трофология как методологическая основа лечения и профилактики заболеваний внутренних органов. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колонопроктологии, 2001, 11(4): 15–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachenko EI, Suvorov AN. Intestinal dysbiosis: a guide on diagnosis and treatment. St. Petersburg, 2009. 35 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко Е. И., Суворов А. Н. Дисбиоз кишечника: руководство по диагностике и лечению. СПб., 2009. 35 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Firsov NN. Microbiology: a glossary of terms. M.: Drofa, 2006. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фирсов Н.Н. Микробиология: словарь терминов. М.: Дрофа, 2006. 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenderov BA. Functional nutrition and its role in the prevention of meta bolic syndrome. Moscow: DeLi-print, 2008. 319 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шендеров Б.А. Функциональное питание и его роль в профилактике метаболического синдрома. М.: ДеЛи-принт, 2008. 319 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellantani S, Saccoccio G, Masutti F et аl. Prevalence and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in northern Italy. An. Intern. Med., 2000, 132: 112–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellantani S, Saccoccio G, Masutti F et аl. Prevalence and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in northern Italy. An. Intern. Med., 2000, 132: 112–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosch J, Garcia-Pagan J. Complications of cirrhosis. Portal hypertenstion. Hepatology, 2000, 32: 141–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosch J, Garcia-Pagan J. Complications of cirrhosis. Portal hypertenstion. Hepatology, 2000, 32: 141–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cebra J. Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 69: 1046–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cebra J. Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 69: 1046–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duboc H et al. Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation ininflammatory bowel diseases. Gut, 2013 Apr, 62(4): 531–9.doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012–302578.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duboc H et al. Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation ininflammatory bowel diseases. Gut, 2013 Apr, 62(4): 531–9.doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012–302578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green DR, Kroemer G. The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Sciences, 2004, 305: 626-629.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Green DR, Kroemer G. The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Sciences, 2004, 305: 626-629.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farnaud S, Evans RW. Lactoferrina multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties. Mol. Immunol., 2003, 40(7): 395-405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farnaud S, Evans RW. Lactoferrina multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties. Mol. Immunol., 2003, 40(7): 395-405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukata M, Arditi M. The role of pattern recognition receptors in intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol, 2013 May, 6(3): 451–63. doi: 10.1038/mi.2013.13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukata M, Arditi M. The role of pattern recognition receptors in intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol, 2013 May, 6(3): 451–63. doi: 10.1038/mi.2013.13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lupetti A, Paulusma-Annema A, Welling MM, Dogterom-Ballering H, Brouwer CP, Senesi S, Van Dissel JT, Nibbering PH. Synergistic activity of the N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin and fluconazole against Candida species. Anti microb. Agents Chemother., 2003, 47(1): 262-267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lupetti A, Paulusma-Annema A, Welling MM, Dogterom-Ballering H, Brouwer CP, Senesi S, Van Dissel JT, Nibbering PH. Synergistic activity of the N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin and fluconazole against Candida species. Anti microb. Agents Chemother., 2003, 47(1): 262-267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibdah JA et al. Lack of mitochondrial trifunctional protein in mice causes neonatal hypoglycemia and sudden death. J. Clin. Invest., 2001, 107: 1403-1409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibdah JA et al. Lack of mitochondrial trifunctional protein in mice causes neonatal hypoglycemia and sudden death. J. Clin. Invest., 2001, 107: 1403-1409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mark N, de Alwis W, Day CP. Current and future therapeuticstrategies in NAFLD. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2010, 16(17): 1958-1962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mark N, de Alwis W, Day CP. Current and future therapeuticstrategies in NAFLD. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2010, 16(17): 1958-1962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsuoka K, Kanai T. The gut microbiota and inflammatorybowel disease. Semin Immunopathol, 2015 Jan, 37(1): 47–55. doi: 10.1007/ s00281–014–0454–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsuoka K, Kanai T. The gut microbiota and inflammatorybowel disease. Semin Immunopathol, 2015 Jan, 37(1): 47–55. doi: 10.1007/ s00281–014–0454–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medina J, Moreno-Otero R. Pathophysiological basis for antioxidant therapy in chronic liver disease. Drugs, 2005, 65(17): 2445-2461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medina J, Moreno-Otero R. Pathophysiological basis for antioxidant therapy in chronic liver disease. Drugs, 2005, 65(17): 2445-2461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morino K, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and their potentiallinks with mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes, 2006, 55(suppl. 2): S9-S15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morino K, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and their potentiallinks with mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes, 2006, 55(suppl. 2): S9-S15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei Y et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mitochondrial dysfunction. World J. Gastroenterol., 2008, 14: 193-199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei Y et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mitochondrial dysfunction. World J. Gastroenterol., 2008, 14: 193-199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Powel EE, Jonsson JR, Clouston AD. Steatosis: co-factor in other liver diseases. Hepatology, 2005, 42: 5-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Powel EE, Jonsson JR, Clouston AD. Steatosis: co-factor in other liver diseases. Hepatology, 2005, 42: 5-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vakhitov TY, Chalisova NI, Sitkin SI, Sall TS, Shalaeva ON, Demyanova EV, Morugina AS, Vinogradova AF, Petrov AV, Nozdrachev AD. Low-molecular-weight components of the metabolome control the proliferative activity in cellular and bacterial cultures. Dokl Biol Sci, 2017 Jan, 472(1): 8-10. doi: 10.1134/S0012496617010069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vakhitov TY, Chalisova NI, Sitkin SI, Sall TS, Shalaeva ON, Demyanova EV, Morugina AS, Vinogradova AF, Petrov AV, Nozdrachev AD. Low-molecular-weight components of the metabolome control the proliferative activity in cellular and bacterial cultures. Dokl Biol Sci, 2017 Jan, 472(1): 8-10. doi: 10.1134/S0012496617010069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swidsinski A, Loening-Baucke V, Herber A. Mucosal flora in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis – an overview. J Physiol Pharmacol, 2009 Dec, 60(Suppl 6): 61–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swidsinski A, Loening-Baucke V, Herber A. Mucosal flora in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis – an overview. J Physiol Pharmacol, 2009 Dec, 60(Suppl 6): 61–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma M, Shukla G. Metabiotics: One Step ahead of Probiotics; an Insight into Mechanisms Involved in Anticancerous Effect in Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol, 2016 Dec 2, 7: 1940. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01940.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma M, Shukla G. Metabiotics: One Step ahead of Probiotics; an Insight into Mechanisms Involved in Anticancerous Effect in Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol, 2016 Dec 2, 7: 1940. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenderov BA. Metabiotics: novel idea or natural development of probiotic conception. Microb Ecol Health Dis, 2013 Apr 12, 24. doi: 10.3402/ mehd.v24i0.20399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shenderov BA. Metabiotics: novel idea or natural development of probiotic conception. Microb Ecol Health Dis, 2013 Apr 12, 24. doi: 10.3402/ mehd.v24i0.20399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quigley EM. Gut microbiome as a clinical tool in gastrointestinal disease management: are we there yet? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017 May, 14(5): 315-320. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quigley EM. Gut microbiome as a clinical tool in gastrointestinal disease management: are we there yet? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017 May, 14(5): 315-320. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang CY et al. Therapy of NAFLD: Antioxidants and Cytoprotective Agents. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 2006, 40: S51-S60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang CY et al. Therapy of NAFLD: Antioxidants and Cytoprotective Agents. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 2006, 40: S51-S60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams LA et al.The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology, 2005, 129: 113-121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams LA et al.The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology, 2005, 129: 113-121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol., 2007, 39(1): 44-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol., 2007, 39(1): 44-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younossi ZM. Review article: current management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2008, 28(1): 2-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younossi ZM. Review article: current management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2008, 28(1): 2-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younossi ZM. Review article: current management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2008, 28(1): 2-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
