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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2018-11-18-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-2495</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕОНАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEONATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>История грудного вскармливания: что препятствовало естественному способу питания младенцев от древних времен до современности?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>History of breastfeeding: what has been preventing the natural way to feed infants from ancient times to modern day?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, д.м.н., заслуженный врач России, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный внештатный детский специалист-нефролог, главный врач Детской клинической больницы им. З.Л. Башляевой ДЗМ, директор Университетской клиники педиатрии ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. И.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ, профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии №1 ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачнева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Machneva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережная</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., окружной детский гастроэнтеролог СЗАО г. Москвы, доцент кафедры педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кольцов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koltsov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедикова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучина</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазанова</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazanova</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартыненко</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynenko</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии им. Г.Н. Сперанского ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО МЗ РФ</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Мачнева Е.Б., Бережная И.В., Кольцов К.А., Дедикова О.В., Кучина А.Е., Сазанова Ю.О., Мартыненко Л.Е., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Мачнева Е.Б., Бережная И.В., Кольцов К.А., Дедикова О.В., Кучина А.Е., Сазанова Ю.О., Мартыненко Л.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Osmanov I.M., Machneva E.B., Berezhnaya I.V., Koltsov K.A., Dedikova O.V., Kuchina A.E., Sazanova Y.O., Martynenko L.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2495">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/2495</self-uri><abstract><p>На сегодняшний день является неоспоримым тот факт, что грудное вскармливание для младенца – это оптимальное питание, обеспечивающее его гармоничные рост и развитие. Этот постулат подтверждается не только современными научными данными, но и всей историей человечества от древнейших времен. Однако история свидетельствует и о том, что во все времена существовали различные факторы, помимо медицинских, препятствующие полноценному и повсеместно распространенному грудному вскармливанию младенцев. Эти факторы носили как религиозный, так и социальный, и даже политический характер; они изменялись от одной эпохи к другой и от одной нации к другой, к сожалению, имея место и в современном обществе. Они нередко носили характер предрассудков и отражались на состоянии здоровья как младенцев, так и их матерей. В данной статье представлен исторический обзор факторов, препятствующих грудному вскармливанию, знание которых может помочь педиатру понять и современные причины недостаточной распространенности естественного вскармливания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Presently, there is solid evidence that breast-feeding is ideal for the nutrition, harmonious physical and psychosocial development of the infants. This postulate is confirmed not only by modern scientific data, but also by the entire history of humanity from ancient times. However, history also shows that at all times there were various factors besides medical ones that prevent the appropriate and widespread breastfeeding of infants. These factors were both religious and social, and even political; they changed from one era to another and from one nation to another, and unfortunately, take place in modern society. They often had a character of prejudice and reflected on the health state of both infants and their mothers. This article presents a historical overview of the factors preventing breastfeeding, which can help the paediatrician understand the current causes of the insufficient prevalence of natural feeding.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грудное вскармливание</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>искусственное вскармливание</kwd><kwd>лактация</kwd><kwd>кормилица</kwd><kwd>питание</kwd><kwd>история</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breastfeeding</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>artificial feeding</kwd><kwd>lactation</kwd><kwd>foster-mother</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd><kwd>history</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Бережная И.В., Мачнева Е.Б., Кучина А.Е., Облогина И.С. 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