<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2019-3-152-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-3022</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИССЕРТАНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISSERTANT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные представления об этиологии синдрома раздраженного кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The modern ideas about the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаутдинова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhautdinova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры поликлинической терапии,</p><p>450000, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of Chair for Polyclinic Therapy,</p><p>450000, Ufa, Lenina St., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">suhoy91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1126-3792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагаева</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagaeva</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-психотерапевт высшей категории отделения реабилитации,</p><p>450015, Уфа, ул. Карла Маркса, д. 59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a psychotherapist of the highest qualification grade, Rehabilitation Unit,</p><p>450015, Ufa, Karl Marx St., 59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koudzumi_chan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-2108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асанбаева</surname><given-names>К. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asanbaeva</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6-го курса лечебного факультета,</p><p>450000, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a 6th year student of General Medicine Faculty,</p><p>450000, Ufa, Lenina St., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liciadesu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bashkir State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное казенное учреждение здравоохранения «Медико-санитарная часть МВД РФ по Республике Башкортостан»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Government Healthcare Institution «Industrial Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Bashkortostan»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сахаутдинова Г.М., Нагаева Р.Р., Асанбаева К.Э., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сахаутдинова Г.М., Нагаева Р.Р., Асанбаева К.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakhautdinova G.M., Nagaeva R.R., Asanbaeva K.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/3022">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/3022</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная статья посвящена теме этиологии синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Освещена такая тема, как сравнение Римских диагностических критерий III и IV пересмотра. Рассматривается: теория нарушенного взаимодействия внутри оси «головной мозг – кишечник» и вызванная таким образом висцеральная гиперчувствительность, а также возможный механизм ее осуществления; связь симптомов СРК с психическим состоянием пациентов: тревожностью, депрессией, расстройствами сна. Рассматривается связь СРК с микробиотой кишечника, генетическая опосредованность СРК, приводятся примеры генов – кандидатов в биомаркеры, а также описываются механизмы работы данных генов; освещается вопрос непереносимости определенных пищевых продуктов (FODMAPs; IgE-опосредованная гиперчувствительность) у пациентов с СРК; иммунологические аспекты, в том числе теория субклинического воспаления (low-grade inflammation) или постинфекционного СРК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to the theme of the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome. This topic is highlighted in comparison with the Roman diagnostic criteria of III and IV revision. The following is considered: the theory of disturbed interaction within the «brain-gut» axis and visceral hypersensitivity induced in this way, as well as a possible mechanism for its implementation; also, the relationship of symptoms of IBS with patients’ mental state: anxiety, depression, sleep disorders. The relationship of IBS with microbiota of the intestine, the genetic mediation of IBS, the examples of candidate genes in biomarkers; the mechanisms of work of these genes are also described; the issue of intolerance to certain foods (FODMAPs, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity) in patients with IBS is highlighted as well; immunological aspects, including the theory of subclinical inflammation (low-grade inflammation) or post-infection IBS.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром раздраженного кишечника</kwd><kwd>СРК</kwd><kwd>висцеральная гиперчувствительность</kwd><kwd>FODMAP</kwd><kwd>субклиническое воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Irritable bowel syndrome</kwd><kwd>IBS</kwd><kwd>visceral hypersensitivity</kwd><kwd>FODMAP</kwd><kwd>subclinical inflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Погромов А.П., Мнацаканян М.Г., Тащян О.В. Распространенность синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Клиническая медицина. 2016;94(11):869-874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pogromov A.P., Mnatsakanyan M.G., Tashyan O.V. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Medicine. 2016;94(11):869-874. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spiller R., Aziz Q., Creed F. Et al. Guidelines on the irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and practical. Gut. 2007 Dec;56(12):1770-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spiller R., Aziz Q., Creed F. Et al. Guidelines on the irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and practical. Gut. 2007 Dec;56(12):1770-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шептулин А.А., Визе-Хрипунова М.А. Римские критерии синдрома раздраженного кишечника IV пересмотра: есть ли принципиальные изменения? Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016;26(5):99-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheptulin A.A., WieseHripunova M.A. Roman criteria for irritable bowel syndrome IV revision: are there any fundamental changes? Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;26(5):99-103. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ардатская М.Д., Топчий Т.Б. Абдоминальная боль и висцеральная гиперчувствительность у пациентов с синдромом раздраженного кишечника. Римские критерии IV и клиническая практика. М.: Прима-Принт, 2017. 63 с.: ил. ISBN 978-5-9907557-9-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardatskaya M.D., Topchiy T.B. Abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rome IV criteria and clinical practice. M .: Prima-Print, 2017. 63 pp., Ill. ISBN 978-5- 9907557-9-6. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poulsen C.H., Eplov L.F., Hjorthøj C. et al. Irritable bowel symptoms, use of healthcare, costs, sickness and disability pension benefits: A long-term population-based study. Scand J. Public Health. 2018 May 1:1403494818776168. doi: 10.1177/1403494818776168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poulsen C.H., Eplov L.F., Hjorthøj C. et al. Irritable bowel symptoms, use of healthcare, costs, sickness and disability pension benefits: A long-term population-based study. Scand J. Public Health. 2018 May 1:1403494818776168. doi: 10.1177/1403494818776168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Визе-Хрипунова М.А., Гноевых Е.В. Оценка современного уровня знаний врачей терапевтического профиля вопросов диагностики и лечения синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион. Медицинские науки. 2015;1(33):54–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiese-Hripunova M.A., Gnoevykh E.V. Assessment of the current level of knowledge of physicians of the therapeutic profile of the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Proceedings of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Medical Sciences. 2015;1(33):54–64. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellini M., Gambaccini D., Stasi C. et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: A disease still searching for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014 Jul 21;20(27):8807–8820.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellini M., Gambaccini D., Stasi C. et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: A disease still searching for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014 Jul 21;20(27):8807–8820.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бубнова Е.А., Фоменко О.Ю., Халиф И.Л. и др. Виды нарушений двигательной функции толстой кишки и висцеральной гиперчувствительности при различных клинических вариантах синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016;26(6):32- 39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bubnova E.A., Fomenko O.Yu., Khalif I.L. and others. Types of disorders of the motor function of the colon and visceral hypersensitivity in various clinical variants of irritable bowel syndrome. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;26(6):32-39. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Плотникова Е.Ю., Захарова Ю.В., Сухих А.С. и др. Синдром раздраженного кишечника и его связь с кишечной микрофлорой. Медицинский совет. 2017;5:85-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotnikova E.Yu., Zakharova Yu.V., Sukhikh A.S. et al. Irritable bowel syndrome and its relationship with intestinal microflora. Medical Council. 2017;5:85-92. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dantzer C., Gauchez A., Emotional overactivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Oct;30(10): Epub 2018 Jun 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dantzer C., Gauchez A., Emotional overactivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Oct;30(10): Epub 2018 Jun 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeh H.W., Chien W.C., Chung C.H. Risk of psychiatric disorders in irritable bowel syndrome-A nationwide, population-based, cohort study. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2018 Jul;72(7).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeh H.W., Chien W.C., Chung C.H. Risk of psychiatric disorders in irritable bowel syndrome-A nationwide, population-based, cohort study. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2018 Jul;72(7).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang B., Duan R., Duan L. Prevalence of sleep disorder in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Saudi J. Gastroenterol. 2018 May-Jun;24(3):141-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang B., Duan R., Duan L. Prevalence of sleep disorder in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Saudi J. Gastroenterol. 2018 May-Jun;24(3):141-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krogsgaard L.R., Andersen L.O., Johannesen T.B. et al. Characteristics of the bacterial microbiome in association with common intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 19;9(6):161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krogsgaard L.R., Andersen L.O., Johannesen T.B. et al. Characteristics of the bacterial microbiome in association with common intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 19;9(6):161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen B., Kim J.J., Zhang Y. et al. Prevalence and predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Gastroenterol. 2018 May 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen B., Kim J.J., Zhang Y. et al. Prevalence and predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Gastroenterol. 2018 May 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Salhy M., Mazzawi T. Fecal microbiota transplantation for managing irritable bowel syndrome Expert Rev. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 May;12(5):439-445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Salhy M., Mazzawi T. Fecal microbiota transplantation for managing irritable bowel syndrome Expert Rev. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 May;12(5):439-445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katsumata R., Shiotani A., Murao T. et al The TPH1 rs211105 gene polymorphism affects abdominal symptoms and quality of life of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 2018 May;62(3):270-276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsumata R., Shiotani A., Murao T. et al The TPH1 rs211105 gene polymorphism affects abdominal symptoms and quality of life of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 2018 May;62(3):270-276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Z.Y., Gua X.X., Zhang R.G. et al. Association of mitochondrial displacement loop polymorphisms with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: А preliminary study. J. Dig. Dis. 2018 May;19(5):295-300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Z.Y., Gua X.X., Zhang R.G. et al. Association of mitochondrial displacement loop polymorphisms with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: А preliminary study. J. Dig. Dis. 2018 May;19(5):295-300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonfiglio F., Zheng T., Garcia-Etxebarria K. et al Female-Specific Association Between Variants on Chromosome 9 and Self-Reported Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J. Gastroenterology. 2018 Jul;155(1):168-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonfiglio F., Zheng T., Garcia-Etxebarria K. et al Female-Specific Association Between Variants on Chromosome 9 and Self-Reported Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J. Gastroenterology. 2018 Jul;155(1):168-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В. и др. Синдром раздраженного кишечника: патофизиологическая роль дисбиоза кишечника и возможности его модуляции. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. 2018;1(1):114-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aitbaev K.A., Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V. and others. Irritable bowel syndrome: the pathophysiological role of intestinal dysbiosis and the possibility of its modulation. Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus. 2018;1(1):114-119. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maagaard L., Ankersen D.V., Végh Z. et al Follow-up f patients with functional bowel symptoms treated with a low FODMAP diet. World J. Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 21;22(15):4009–4019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maagaard L., Ankersen D.V., Végh Z. et al Follow-up f patients with functional bowel symptoms treated with a low FODMAP diet. World J. Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 21;22(15):4009–4019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wathsala S., Nanayakkara, Paula M.L. et al Efficacy of the low FODMAP diet for treating irritable bowel syndrome: the evidence to date. Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol. 2016;9:131–142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wathsala S., Nanayakkara, Paula M.L. et al Efficacy of the low FODMAP diet for treating irritable bowel syndrome: the evidence to date. Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol. 2016;9:131–142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altobelli E., Negro V., Matteo Angeletti P., et al. Low-FODMAP Diet Improves Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2017 Sep;9(9):9401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altobelli E., Negro V., Matteo Angeletti P., et al. Low-FODMAP Diet Improves Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2017 Sep;9(9):9401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei Mon Wong, MBBS, Mmed, Restriction of FODMAP in the management of bloating in irritable bowel syndrome. Singapore Med J. 2016 Sep;57(9):476–484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei Mon Wong, MBBS, Mmed, Restriction of FODMAP in the management of bloating in irritable bowel syndrome. Singapore Med J. 2016 Sep;57(9):476–484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reyes-Huerta J.U., de la Cruz-Patiño E., Ramírez-Gutiérrez de Velasco A. et al Fructose intolerance in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study. Rev. Gastroenterol Mex. 2010 Oct-Dec;75(4):405-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reyes-Huerta J.U., de la Cruz-Patiño E., Ramírez-Gutiérrez de Velasco A. et al Fructose intolerance in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study. Rev. Gastroenterol Mex. 2010 Oct-Dec;75(4):405-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katsumata R., Ishii M., Lee S., et al Cytokine Profile and Immunoglobulin E-mediated Serological Food Hypersensitivity in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea. J. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Jul 30;24(3):415-421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsumata R., Ishii M., Lee S., et al Cytokine Profile and Immunoglobulin E-mediated Serological Food Hypersensitivity in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea. J. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Jul 30;24(3):415-421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aggarwal S., Ahuja V., Paul J. Dysregulation of GABAergic Signalling Contributes in the Pathogenesis of Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Jul 30;24(3):422-430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aggarwal S., Ahuja V., Paul J. Dysregulation of GABAergic Signalling Contributes in the Pathogenesis of Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Jul 30;24(3):422-430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwille-Kiuntke J., Frick J.S., Zanger P. et al. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome – a review of the literature. Z. Gastroenterol. 2011;49:997–1003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwille-Kiuntke J., Frick J.S., Zanger P. et al. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome – a review of the literature. Z. Gastroenterol. 2011;49:997–1003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwille-Kiuntke J., Mazurak N., Enck P. Systematic review with meta-analysis: postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome after travellers’ diarrhoea. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2015;41:1029–1037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwille-Kiuntke J., Mazurak N., Enck P. Systematic review with meta-analysis: postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome after travellers’ diarrhoea. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2015;41:1029–1037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du C., Peng L., Kou G. Assessment of Serum sTREM-1 as a Marker of Subclinical Inflammation in Diarrhea-Predominant Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 May;63(5):1182-1191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du C., Peng L., Kou G. Assessment of Serum sTREM-1 as a Marker of Subclinical Inflammation in Diarrhea-Predominant Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 May;63(5):1182-1191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang F., Liu S., Wu S. et al. Blocking TREM-1 signaling prolongs survival of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced sepsis. Cell. Immun. 2012;272(2):251-258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang F., Liu S., Wu S. et al. Blocking TREM-1 signaling prolongs survival of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced sepsis. Cell. Immun. 2012;272(2):251-258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хуторная М.В., Понасенко А.В., Головкин А.С. Триггерный рецептор, экспрессируемый на миелоидных клетках (tremg1): генетический полиморфизм и роль в реализации иммунного ответа. Медицина в Кузбассе,. 2013;4(12):14- 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khutornaya M.V., Ponasenko A.V., Golovkin A.S. Trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells (tremg1): genetic polymorphism and role in the implementation of the immune response. Medicine in Kuzbass. 2013;4(12):14- 18. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu D.R., Xu X.J., Yao S.K. et al Increased intestinal mucosal leptin levels in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J. Gastroenterol. 2018 Jan 7;24(1):46-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu D.R., Xu X.J., Yao S.K. et al Increased intestinal mucosal leptin levels in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J. Gastroenterol. 2018 Jan 7;24(1):46-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Germanidis G. Current insights into the innate immune system dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018 MarApr;31(2):171-187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Germanidis G. Current insights into the innate immune system dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018 MarApr;31(2):171-187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
