<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2019-11-42-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-3080</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗДОРОВЫЙ РЕБЕНОК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTHY CHILD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обеспеченность витамином D детей первых трех лет жизни, проживающих в Москве. Профилактика и коррекция его недостаточности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vitamin D status in children aged 0 to 3 years living in Moscow. Treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мозжухина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozzhukhina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мозжухина Мария Владимировна – аналитик Управления координации научных исследований</p><p>125993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mozzhukhina Maria Vladimirovna – an analyst, Department of Research Coordination</p><p>125993, Moscow, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, b. 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна – заслуженный врач РФ, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии с курсом поликлинической педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>125993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zakharova Irina Nikolaevna – Honoured Doctor of RF, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Speransky Chair for Paediatrics with a Course of Polyclinic Paediatrics</p><p>125993, Moscow, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, b. 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мозжухина М.В., Захарова И.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мозжухина М.В., Захарова И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mozzhukhina M.V., Zakharova I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/3080">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/3080</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы было проведение оценки обеспеченности витамином D детей грудного и раннего возраста в Москве. Обследовано 211 детей первых трех лет жизни, из которых 103 (48,8%) были в возрасте до 12 мес., 64 (30,3%) ребенка – второго года жизни, 44 (20,9%) – третьего года жизни. Число мальчиков и девочек было практически равным (52,6 и 47,4%). В обследуемой группе детей сывороточное содержание кальцидиола, соответствующее норме (&gt;30 нг/мл), отмечено только у 38,4% детей. В остальных случаях (61,6%) диагностирована та или иная степень недостаточности витамина D: тяжелый дефицит – у 2,4%; дефицит – у 27,5%; недостаточность – у 31,8% пациентов. С возрастом частота регистрации недостаточности или дефицита витамина D существенно увеличивается (R = -0,22, р = 0,0018). При сопоставлении полученных данных с результатами исследования «РОDНИЧОК» выявлено, что показатель дефицита витамина D у детей Москвы достоверно ниже, чем в регионах, расположенных южнее (Казань – 65,0%; р &lt; 0,01; Ставрополь – 45,8%; р &lt; 0,05), а также на Дальнем Востоке (Благовещенск – 42,6%; р &lt; 0,05; Хабаровск – 42,9%; р &lt; 0,05; Владивосток – 72,7%; р &lt; 0,01). Абсолютное большинство обследованных детей (84,8%) получали профилактическую дозу витамина D от 500 до 1500 МЕ/сут. Доза препарата в 500 МЕ/сут является недостаточной, т. к. у 71,2% пациентов этой подгруппы отмечается низкая обеспеченность витамином D. При дотации витамина D в суточных дозах 1000 и 1500 МЕ получен схожий эффект: абсолютные значения холекальциферола достоверно возрастают в 1,8 и 1,9 раза, количество пациентов с нормальными значениями витамина становятся в 2,7 и 2,2 раза больше, чем при введении дозы 500 МЕ; уровень дефицита падает более чем в 8 раз по отношению к контрольной группе и более чем в 2 раза по отношению к пациентам, получающим 500 МЕ. Сезонный фактор не оказывает значимого влияния на сывороточную концентрацию кальцидиола (r = 0,06 при p = 0,3), что может быть обусловлено особенностями специфической профилактики гиповитаминоза: летом принимает витамин D чуть больше трети детей (39,2%), тогда как зимой – абсолютное большинство (83,3%).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this paper was to assess vitamin D status in infants and young children in Moscow. 211 children aged 0 to 3 years were examined, of which 103 (48.8%) were under the age of 12 months, 64 (30.3%) children were 2 years old, 44 (20.9%) were 3 years old. The number of boys and girls was almost equal (52.6 and 47.4%). In the examined group of children, only 38.4% had the serum calcidiol level within the normal range (&gt; 30 ng/ml). In other cases (61.6%), the children were diagnosed with one or another degree of vitamin D deficiency: severe deficiency in 2.4%; deficiency in 27.5%; insufficiency in 31.8% of patients. The frequency of registration of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency increases significantly with the increase of years (R = -0.22, p = 0.0018). When comparing the obtained data with the results of study RODNICHOK, it was found that the vitamin D deficiency value in Moscow children was significantly lower than that in the regions located to the south (Kazan 65.0%; p &lt;0.01; Stavropol 45 , 8%; p &lt;0.05), and the Far East (Blagoveshchensk 42.6%; p &lt;0.05; Khabarovsk 42.9%; p &lt;0.05; Vladivostok 72.7%; p &lt; 0.01). The absolute majority of the examined children (84.8%) received a prophylactic dose of vitamin D of 500 to 1500 IU/day. The 500 IU/day dose is insufficient, because 71.2% of patients in this subgroup had a low vitamin D status. A similar effect was obtained in patients taking vitamin D at a dose of 1000 and 1500 IU/day: the absolute values of cholecalciferol reliably increased by 1.8 and 1.9 times, the number of patients with normal vitamin values increased by 2.7 and 2.2 times as compared with intake of vitamin D at a dose of 500 IU; the deficiency level reduced by more than 8 times as compared to the control group and more than 2 times as compared to the patients receiving 500 IU. The seasonal factor does not have a significant effect on the serum calcidiol level (r = 0.06 at p = 0.3), which may be due to the peculiarities of the specific prevention of hypovitaminosis: a bit more than a third of children take vitamin D in summer (39.2%), whereas absolute majority (83.3%) take it in winter.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>недостаточность витамина D</kwd><kwd>холекальциферол</kwd><kwd>лекарственная коррекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>vitamin D deficiency</kwd><kwd>cholecalciferol</kwd><kwd>pharmaceutical treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Витамин D – смена парадигмы. Под ред. Е.И. Гусева и И.Н. Захаровой. М., 2015, 458 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Vitamin D: a paradigm shift. Under the editorship of E.I. Guseva and I.N. Zakharova. M., 2015, 458 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куприненко Н. Дефицит кальция и витамина D: глобальная проблема. Боль. Суставы. Позвоночник. 2012;1(05).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuprinenko N. Calcium and vitamin D deficiency: a global problem. Bol. Sustavy. Pozvonochnik. 2012;1(05). (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинченко С.Ю., Пигарова Е.А., Гусакова Д.А., Плещева А.В. Витамин D и мочекаменная болезнь. Consilium Medicum. 2012;14(12):97102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinchenko S.Yu., Pigarova E.A., Gusakova D.A., Plescheva A.V. Vitamin D and urinary stone disease. Consilium Medicum. 2012;14(12):97102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шварц Г.Я. Дефицит витамина D и его фармакологическая коррекция. РМЖ. 2009;7:477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwarz G.Ya. Vitamin D: deficiency and pharmacological treatment. RMJ. 2009;7:477 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quesada J.M. Insuficiencia de calcifediol. Implicacionespara la salud. Drugs of Today. 2009;45(Suppl. A):1–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quesada J.M. Insuficiencia de calcifediol. Implicacionespara la salud. Drugs of Today. 2009;45(Suppl. A):1–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Яблочкова СВ., Дмитриева Ю.А. Известные и неизвестные эффекты витамина D. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2013;12(2):20-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Yablochkova S.V., Dmitrieva Yu.A. Known and unknown effects of vitamin D. Voprosy Sovremennoi Pediatrii. 2013;12(2):20-25 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castro L.C. The vitamin D endocrine system. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011;55(8):566-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castro L.C. The vitamin D endocrine system. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011;55(8):566-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossein-nezhad А., Holick М. Vitamin D for Health: A Global Perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(7):720-755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hossein-nezhad А., Holick М. Vitamin D for Health: A Global Perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(7):720-755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mostafa W.Z., Hegazy R.A. Vitamin D and the skin: Focus on a complex relationship: A review. 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4642156/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mostafa W.Z., Hegazy R.A. Vitamin D and the skin: Focus on a complex relationship: A review. 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4642156/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинченко С.Ю., Гусакова Д.А., Тюзиков И.А., Тишова Ю.А., Ворслов Л.О. Витамин D и сахарный диабет: есть ли патогенетическая связь? 2015. http://gynea.ru/askdoctor/1049vitamin-d-i-saharnyy-diabet-est-lipatogeneticheskayasvyaz.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinchenko S.Yu., Gusakova D.A., Tyuzikov I.A., Tishova Yu.A., Vorslov L.O. Vitamin D and diabetes: is there a pathogenetic link? 2015. http://gynea.ru/askdoctor/1049-vitamin-d-i-saharnyy-diabetestlipatogeneticheskaya-svyaz.html. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Коровина Н.А., Дмитриева Ю.А. Роль метаболитов витамина D при рахите у детей. Педиатрия. 2010;89(3):68-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Korovina N.A., Dmitrieva Yu.A. The role of vitamin D metabolites in rickets in children. Pediatria. 2010;89(3):68-73. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forman J.P., Giovannucci E., Holmes M.D., Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Two roger S.S., Willett W.C. et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;49:1063–1069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forman J.P., Giovannucci E., Holmes M.D., Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Two roger S.S., Willett W.C. et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;49:1063–1069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ginde A.A., Scragg R., Schwartz R.S., Camargo C.A., Jr. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in older U. S. Adults. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2009;57:1595–1603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginde A.A., Scragg R., Schwartz R.S., Camargo C.A., Jr. Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in older U. S. Adults. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2009;57:1595–1603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kendrick J., Targher G., Smits G., Chonchol M. 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205:255–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kendrick J., Targher G., Smits G., Chonchol M. 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205:255–260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plum L.A., DeLuca H.F. The functional metabolism and molecular biology of vitamin D action. In: M. F. Holick, ed. Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications. 2nd edn. N.-Y: Humana Press. 2010:61–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plum L.A., DeLuca H.F. The functional metabolism and molecular biology of vitamin D action. In: M. F. Holick, ed. Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications. 2nd edn. N.-Y: Humana Press. 2010:61–97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mithal A. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Endocrine case management ICE/ENDO 2014 Meet-the professor, Endocrine society, 2014:3739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mithal A. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Endocrine case management ICE/ENDO 2014 Meet-the professor, Endocrine society, 2014:3739.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Looker A.C., Johnson C.L., Lacher D.A., Pfeiffer C.M., Schleicher R.L., Sempos C.T. Vitamin D status: United States, 2001-2006. NCHS Data Brief. 2011 Mar;59:1-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Looker A.C., Johnson C.L., Lacher D.A., Pfeiffer C.M., Schleicher R.L., Sempos C.T. Vitamin D status: United States, 2001-2006. NCHS Data Brief. 2011 Mar;59:1-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shin Y.H., Shin H.J., Lee Y.J. Vitamin D status and childhood health. Korean J. Pediatr. 2013;56(10):417-423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shin Y.H., Shin H.J., Lee Y.J. Vitamin D status and childhood health. Korean J. Pediatr. 2013;56(10):417-423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Дмитриева Ю.А., Яблочкова С.В., Евсеева Е.А. Недостаточность и дефицит витамина D: что нового? Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2014;13(1):134-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Dmitrieva Yu.A., Yablochkova S.V., Evseeva E.A. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency: what’s the news? Voprosy Sovremennoi Pediatrii. 2014;13(1):134-140. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Giovannucci E., Willett W.C. et al. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84(1):18–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Giovannucci E., Willett W.C. et al. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84(1):18–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hollis B.W., Wagner C.L. Normal serum vitamin D levels. Eng. J. Med. 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hollis B.W., Wagner C.L. Normal serum vitamin D levels. Eng. J. Med. 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cannell J.J., Hollis B.W. Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cannell J.J., Hollis B.W. Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):620.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mosekilde M. Vitamin D deficiency and its health consequences in Northern Europe, in Vitamin D. Physiology, molecular biology, and clinical applications (Holick, M.F., ed.), Humana Press, N.Y., 2013:435–451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosekilde M. Vitamin D deficiency and its health consequences in Northern Europe, in Vitamin D. Physiology, molecular biology, and clinical applications (Holick, M.F., ed.), Humana Press, N.Y., 2013:435–451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамаева М.А. Профилактика рахита у детей: методы, средства, критерии эффективности,2015. http://gynea.ru/askdoctor/1041profilaktika-rahita-u-detey-metody-sredstvakriteriieffektivnosti.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamaeva M.A. Prevention of rickets in children: methods, supplements, criteria of effectiveness, 2015. http://gynea.ru/askdoctor/1041profilaktika-rahita-u-detey-metody-sredstvakriteriieffektivnosti.html  (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарь В.И. Проблема питания современного человека. Витамины и витаминоподобные вещества. Пятиминутка. 2012;18(1):26-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondar V.I. The problem of nutrition in modern man. Vitamins and vitamin-like substances. Pyatiminutka. 2012;18(1):26-32 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Васильева С.В., Дмитриева Ю.Л. Витамин D в практике педиатра. Фарматека. 2014;1(274):10-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Vasilyeva S.V., Dmitrieva Yu.L. Vitamin D in the pediatric practice. Pharmateca. 2014;1(274):10-16. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doets E.L., de Wit L.S., Dhonukshe-Rutten R.A., et al. Current micronutrient recommendations in Europe: Towards understanding their differences and similarities. Eur. J. Nutr. 2008;47:S17402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doets E.L., de Wit L.S., Dhonukshe-Rutten R.A., et al. Current micronutrient recommendations in Europe: Towards understanding their differences and similarities. Eur. J. Nutr. 2008;47:S17402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laaksi I.T., Ruohola J.P., Ylikomi T.J., et al. Vitamin D fortification as public health policy: significant improvement in vitamin D status in young Finnish men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60:1035–1038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laaksi I.T., Ruohola J.P., Ylikomi T.J., et al. Vitamin D fortification as public health policy: significant improvement in vitamin D status in young Finnish men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60:1035–1038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витебская А.В., Смирнова Г.Е., Ильин А.В. Витамин Д и показатели кальций-фосфорного обмена у детей, проживающих в средней полосе России, в период максимальной инсоляции. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2010;2:2-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitebskaya A.V., Smirnova G.E., Ilyin A.V. Vitamin D and calcium-phosphorus metabolism levels in children living in central Russia during the period of maximum insolation. Osteoporoz i Osteopatii. 2010;2:2-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Мальцев С.В., Боровик Т.Э., Яцык Г.В., Малявская С.И., Вахлова И.В., Шуматова Т.А., Романцова Е.Б., Романюк Ф.П., Климов Л.Я., Пирожкова Н.И., Колесникова С.М., Курьянинова В.А., Творогова Т.М., Васильева С.В., Мозжухина М.В., Евсеева Е.А. Результаты многоцентрового когортного исследования «РОDНИЧОК» по изучению недостаточности витамина D у детей раннего возраста в России. Педиатрия. 2015;94(1):6267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Maltsev S.V., Borovik T.E., Yatsyk G.V., Malyavskaya S.I., Vakhlova I.V., Shumatova T.A., Romantsova E. B., Romanyuk FP, Klimov L.Ya., Pirozhkova N.I., Kolesnikova S.M., Kuryaninova V.A., Tvorogova TM, Vasilyeva S.V., Mozzhukhina M.V., Evseeva E.A. Results of multicenter cohort study RODNICHOK of vitamin D deficiency prevalence in young children in Russia. Pediatria. 2015;94(1):62-67. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holick M.F., Binkley N.C., Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Gordon C.M., Hanley D.A., Heaney R.P., Murad M.H., Weaver C.M.: Endocrine Society. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911–193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holick M.F., Binkley N.C., Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Gordon C.M., Hanley D.A., Heaney R.P., Murad M.H., Weaver C.M.: Endocrine Society. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911–193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальная программа «Недостаточность витамина D у детей и подростков Российской Федерации: современные подходы к коррекции». Союз педиатров России и др. М.: ПедиатрЪ, 2018. 96 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The national program «Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents of the Russian Federation: modern approaches to treatment.» The Union of Pediatricians of Russia et al. Moscow: Pediatr, 2018. 96 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
