<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2015-14-123-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИССЕРТАНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISSERTANT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вариабельность зубца P у детей 10-12 лет: критерии оценки, клиническая значимость</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>P-wave variability in children aged 10-12 years: evaluation criteria, clinical significance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничникова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Psenichnikova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>14</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пшеничникова И.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пшеничникова И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Psenichnikova I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/373">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/373</self-uri><abstract><p>С целью определения распространенности ЭКГ-феномена, характеризующегося вариабельностью морфологии и амплитуды Р-волны, критериев его оценки, а также их ассоциации с физиологическими особенностями сердечно-сосудистой системы и вегетативного гомеостаза в детском возрасте, обследованы 177 здоровых детей в возрасте 10-12 лет (11,3 ± 0,3 года; 92 мальчика).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>177 healthy children aged 10-12 years (11,3 ± 0,3 years; 92 boys) were examined in order to determine the prevalence of ECG phenomenon characterized by variable morphology and amplitude of P-wave, its evaluation criteria, as well as association with the physiological characteristics of the cardiovascular system and vegetative homeostasis in children.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морфология Р-волны</kwd><kwd>нетипичный синусовый ритм</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>P-wave morphology</kwd><kwd>abnormal sinus rhythm</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boineau JP et al. Demonstration of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in the human heart. Circulation, 1988. 77. 6: 1221-1237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boineau JP et al. Demonstration of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in the human heart. Circulation, 1988. 77. 6: 1221-1237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brody DA et al. Application of computer techniques to the detection and analysis of spontaneous P-wave variations. Circulation, 1967. 36. 3: 359-371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brody DA et al. Application of computer techniques to the detection and analysis of spontaneous P-wave variations. Circulation, 1967. 36. 3: 359-371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiss RG, Averill KH, Lamb LE. Electrocardiographic findings in 67,375 asymptomatic subjects: III. Ventricular rhythms. The American journal of cardiology, 1960. 6. 1: 96-107,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiss RG, Averill KH, Lamb LE. Electrocardiographic findings in 67,375 asymptomatic subjects: III. Ventricular rhythms. The American journal of cardiology, 1960. 6. 1: 96-107,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiss RG et al. Electrocardiographic findings in 122,043 individuals. Circulation, 1962. 25. 6: 947961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiss RG et al. Electrocardiographic findings in 122,043 individuals. Circulation, 1962. 25. 6: 947961.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monfredi O et al. The anatomy and physiology of the sinoatrial node-a contemporary review. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology, 2010. 33. 11: 1392-1406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monfredi O et al. The anatomy and physiology of the sinoatrial node-a contemporary review. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology, 2010. 33. 11: 1392-1406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Packard JM, Graettinger JS, Graybiel A. Analysis of the electrocardiograms obtained from 1000 young healthy aviators; ten year follow-up. Circulation, 1954. 10: 384-400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Packard JM, Graettinger JS, Graybiel A. Analysis of the electrocardiograms obtained from 1000 young healthy aviators; ten year follow-up. Circulation, 1954. 10: 384-400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медведев М.М. и др. Роль холтеровского мони-торирования электрокардиограммы в комплексной оценке функции синусового узла. Сообщение 2. Вестник аритмологии, 2001. 24: 39-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Медведев М.М. и др. Роль холтеровского мони-торирования электрокардиограммы в комплексной оценке функции синусового узла. Сообщение 2. Вестник аритмологии, 2001. 24: 39-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полякова Е.Б. Прогностическое значение синусовой брадикардии при различных вариантах течения синдрома слабости синусового узла у детей. М., 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Полякова Е.Б. Прогностическое значение синусовой брадикардии при различных вариантах течения синдрома слабости синусового узла у детей. М., 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурлуцкая А.В. К вопросу о синдроме слабости синусового узла у детей. Анналы аритмологии. 2008. 5. 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бурлуцкая А.В. К вопросу о синдроме слабости синусового узла у детей. Анналы аритмологии. 2008. 5. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоконь Н.А., Кубергер М.Б. Болезни сердца и сосудов у детей. М.: Медицина. 1987. 1. 448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белоконь Н.А., Кубергер М.Б. Болезни сердца и сосудов у детей. М.: Медицина. 1987. 1. 448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Л.М. ЭКГ в педиатрии. 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макаров Л.М. ЭКГ в педиатрии. 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кушаковский М.С. Аритмии сердца. Нарушения сердечного ритма и проводимости: Руководство для врачей. СПб.: Фолиант, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кушаковский М.С. Аритмии сердца. Нарушения сердечного ритма и проводимости: Руководство для врачей. СПб.: Фолиант, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мурашко В.В., Струтынский А.В. Электрокардиография: Учеб. пособие. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ООО «Медпресс», 2001. 313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мурашко В.В., Струтынский А.В. Электрокардиография: Учеб. пособие. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ООО «Медпресс», 2001. 313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrer MI. The sick sinus syndrome. Circulation, 1973. 47. 3: 635-641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrer MI. The sick sinus syndrome. Circulation, 1973. 47. 3: 635-641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернышова Т.В. Клинико-электрокардиографические варианты и дифференцированная тактика лечения синдрома слабости синусового узла у детей: дис. М.: ТВ Чернышова, 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чернышова Т.В. Клинико-электрокардиографические варианты и дифференцированная тактика лечения синдрома слабости синусового узла у детей: дис. М.: ТВ Чернышова, 1992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медведев М.М. Холтеровское мониторирова-ние в комплексной диагностике синдрома слабости синусового узла. Вестник аритмологии, 2003. 32: 24-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Медведев М.М. Холтеровское мониторирова-ние в комплексной диагностике синдрома слабости синусового узла. Вестник аритмологии, 2003. 32: 24-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Школьникова М.А., Миклашевич И.М., Калинина Л.А. Нормативные параметры ЭКГ у детей и подростков. М.: Ассоциация детских кардиологов России, 2010. 232 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Школьникова М.А., Миклашевич И.М., Калинина Л.А. Нормативные параметры ЭКГ у детей и подростков. М.: Ассоциация детских кардиологов России, 2010. 232 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Озеров М.В. Интерпретация возрастных особенностей электрокардиографии у детей. Казанский медицинский журнал. 2010. 91. 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Озеров М.В. Интерпретация возрастных особенностей электрокардиографии у детей. Казанский медицинский журнал. 2010. 91. 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров Л.М. Холтеровское мониторирование. 2-е изд. М.: Медпрактика-М, 2003. 340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макаров Л.М. Холтеровское мониторирование. 2-е изд. М.: Медпрактика-М, 2003. 340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boineau JP et al. Multicentric origin of the atrial depolarization wave: the pacemaker complex. Relation to dynamics of atrial conduction, P-wave changes and heart rate control. Circulation, 1978. 58. 6: 1036-1048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boineau JP et al. Multicentric origin of the atrial depolarization wave: the pacemaker complex. Relation to dynamics of atrial conduction, P-wave changes and heart rate control. Circulation, 1978. 58. 6: 1036-1048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boineau JP et al. Widespread distribution and rate differentiation of the atrial pacemaker complex. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 1980. 239. 3: H406-H415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boineau JP et al. Widespread distribution and rate differentiation of the atrial pacemaker complex. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 1980. 239. 3: H406-H415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colman Ma et al. Elucidating the body surface P-wave using a detailed computer model of atrial activation. Computing in Cardiology (CinC), 2012. IEEE, 2012. 129-132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colman Ma et al. Elucidating the body surface P-wave using a detailed computer model of atrial activation. Computing in Cardiology (CinC), 2012. IEEE, 2012. 129-132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedorov VV et al. Optical mapping of the isolated coronary-perfused human sinus node. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010. 56. 17: 1386-1394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov VV et al. Optical mapping of the isolated coronary-perfused human sinus node. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010. 56. 17: 1386-1394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmqvist F et al. Interatrial conduction can be accurately determined using standard 12-lead electrocardiography: validation of P-wave morphology using electroanatomic mapping in man. Heart Rhythm., 2008. 5. 3: 413-418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmqvist F et al. Interatrial conduction can be accurately determined using standard 12-lead electrocardiography: validation of P-wave morphology using electroanatomic mapping in man. Heart Rhythm., 2008. 5. 3: 413-418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irisawa H, Seyama I. The configuration of the P wave during mild exercise. American heart journal, 1966. 71. 4: 467-472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irisawa H, Seyama I. The configuration of the P wave during mild exercise. American heart journal, 1966. 71. 4: 467-472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemery R et al. Normal atrial activation and voltage during sinus rhythm in the human heart: an endocardial and epicardial mapping study in patients with a history of atrial fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2007. 18. 4: 402-408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lemery R et al. Normal atrial activation and voltage during sinus rhythm in the human heart: an endocardial and epicardial mapping study in patients with a history of atrial fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2007. 18. 4: 402-408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirvis DM. Body surface distribution of electrical potential during atrial depolarization and repo-larization. Circulation, 980. 62(1): 167-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirvis DM. Body surface distribution of electrical potential during atrial depolarization and repo-larization. Circulation, 980. 62(1): 167-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersson R et al. P-Wave Morphology Is Unaffected by Atrial Size: A Study in Healthy Athletes. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 2014. 19. 4: 366-373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersson R et al. P-Wave Morphology Is Unaffected by Atrial Size: A Study in Healthy Athletes. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 2014. 19. 4: 366-373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuessler RB, Boineau JP, Bromberg BI. Origin of the sinus impulse. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 1996. 7. 3: 263-274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schuessler RB, Boineau JP, Bromberg BI. Origin of the sinus impulse. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 1996. 7. 3: 263-274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baruscotti M, Robinson RB. Electrophysiology and pacemaker function of the developing sinoatrial node. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2007. 293. 5: H2613-H2623.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baruscotti M, Robinson RB. Electrophysiology and pacemaker function of the developing sinoatrial node. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2007. 293. 5: H2613-H2623.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyett MR, Honjo H, Kodama I. The sinoatrial node, a heterogeneous pacemaker structure. Cardiovascular research, 2000. 47. 4: 658-687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyett MR, Honjo H, Kodama I. The sinoatrial node, a heterogeneous pacemaker structure. Cardiovascular research, 2000. 47. 4: 658-687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyett MR et al. Sophisticated architecture is required for the sinoatrial node to perform its normal pacemaker function. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2003. 14. 1: 104-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyett MR et al. Sophisticated architecture is required for the sinoatrial node to perform its normal pacemaker function. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2003. 14. 1: 104-106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bukauskas FF et al. Biophysical properties of gap junction channels formed by mouse con-nexin40 in induced pairs of transfected human HeLa cells. Biophysical Journal, 1995. 68. 6: 2289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukauskas FF et al. Biophysical properties of gap junction channels formed by mouse con-nexin40 in induced pairs of transfected human HeLa cells. Biophysical Journal, 1995. 68. 6: 2289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chandler NJ et al. Molecular architecture of the human sinus node insights into the function of the cardiac pacemaker. Circulation, 2009. 119. 12: 1562-1575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chandler NJ et al. Molecular architecture of the human sinus node insights into the function of the cardiac pacemaker. Circulation, 2009. 119. 12: 1562-1575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opthof T. Embryological development of pacemaker hierarchy and membrane currents related to the function of the adult sinus node: implications for autonomic modulation of biopacemak-ers. Biopacemaking. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. 6-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opthof T. Embryological development of pacemaker hierarchy and membrane currents related to the function of the adult sinus node: implications for autonomic modulation of biopacemak-ers. Biopacemaking. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. 6-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verheijck EE. et al. Distribution of Atrial and Nodal Cells Within the Rabbit Sinoatrial Node Models of Sinoatrial Transition. Circulation, 1998. 97. 16: 1623-1631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verheijck EE. et al. Distribution of Atrial and Nodal Cells Within the Rabbit Sinoatrial Node Models of Sinoatrial Transition. Circulation, 1998. 97. 16: 1623-1631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez-Ouintana D, Cabrera JA, Farre J, Climent V, Anderson RH, Ho SY Sinus node revisited in the era of electroanatomical mapping and catheter ablation. Heart, 2005. 91: 189-194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez-Ouintana D, Cabrera JA, Farre J, Climent V, Anderson RH, Ho SY Sinus node revisited in the era of electroanatomical mapping and catheter ablation. Heart, 2005. 91: 189-194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedorov VV et al. Structural and functional evidence for discrete exit pathways that connect the canine sinoatrial node and atria. Circulation research, 2009. 104. 7: 915-923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov VV et al. Structural and functional evidence for discrete exit pathways that connect the canine sinoatrial node and atria. Circulation research, 2009. 104. 7: 915-923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bromberg BI et al. Primary negativity does not predict dominant pacemaker location: implications for sinoatrial conduction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 1995. 269. 3: H877-H887.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bromberg BI et al. Primary negativity does not predict dominant pacemaker location: implications for sinoatrial conduction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 1995. 269. 3: H877-H887.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedorov VV et al. Complex interactions between the sinoatrial node and atrium during reentrant arrhythmias in the canine heart. Circulation, 2010. 122. 8: 782-789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov VV et al. Complex interactions between the sinoatrial node and atrium during reentrant arrhythmias in the canine heart. Circulation, 2010. 122. 8: 782-789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syunyaev RA, Aliev RR. Computer simulation of 3D electrical activity in the sinoatrial node. Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling. 2012. 26. 6: 575-588.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syunyaev RA, Aliev RR. Computer simulation of 3D electrical activity in the sinoatrial node. Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling. 2012. 26. 6: 575-588.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mangoni ME, Nargeot J. Genesis and regulation of the heart automaticity. Physiological reviews, 2008. 88. 3: 919-982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mangoni ME, Nargeot J. Genesis and regulation of the heart automaticity. Physiological reviews, 2008. 88. 3: 919-982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boineau JP et al. Ouantitative relation between sites of atrial impulse origin and cycle length. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 1983. 245. 5: H781-H789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boineau JP et al. Ouantitative relation between sites of atrial impulse origin and cycle length. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 1983. 245. 5: H781-H789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown HF, DiFrancesco D, Noble SJ. How does adrenaline accelerate the heart? 1979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown HF, DiFrancesco D, Noble SJ. How does adrenaline accelerate the heart? 1979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wainger BJ et al. Molecular mechanism of cAMP modulation of HCN pacemaker channels. Nature, 2001. 411. 6839: 805-810.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wainger BJ et al. Molecular mechanism of cAMP modulation of HCN pacemaker channels. Nature, 2001. 411. 6839: 805-810.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roithinger FX et al. Use of electroanatomic mapping to delineate transseptal atrial conduction in humans. Circulation, 1999. 100. 17: 17911797.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roithinger FX et al. Use of electroanatomic mapping to delineate transseptal atrial conduction in humans. Circulation, 1999. 100. 17: 17911797.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Platonov PG et al. Morphology of inter-atrial conduction routes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace: European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology: journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2002. 4. 2: 183-192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Platonov PG et al. Morphology of inter-atrial conduction routes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace: European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology: journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2002. 4. 2: 183-192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kozlowski D et al. Preliminary study of external interatrial muscle fascicles. Folia morphologica, 2002. 61. 2: 97-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlowski D et al. Preliminary study of external interatrial muscle fascicles. Folia morphologica, 2002. 61. 2: 97-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chauvin M et al. The anatomic basis of connections between the coronary sinus musculature and the left atrium in humans. Circulation, 2000. 101. 6: 647-652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chauvin M et al. The anatomic basis of connections between the coronary sinus musculature and the left atrium in humans. Circulation, 2000. 101. 6: 647-652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Митрофанова Л.Б., Иванов ВА., Платонов П.Г Морфологическая характеристика межпредсердной перегородки и проводящая система сердца. Морфология, 2007. 132. 5: 52-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Митрофанова Л.Б., Иванов ВА., Платонов П.Г Морфологическая характеристика межпредсердной перегородки и проводящая система сердца. Морфология, 2007. 132. 5: 52-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
