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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2019-17-198-206</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-4783</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АЛЛЕРГОЛОГИЯ И ИММУНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ALLERGOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Почему острые респираторные инфекции у детей остаются актуальной проблемой? Особенности течения, возможности профилактики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Why do acute respiratory infections in children remain a pressing problem? Current, prevention and treatment options</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-1846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каннер</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanner</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каннер Екатерина Валерьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, клинический отдел инфекционной патологии</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3A, Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekanner@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горелов Александр Васильевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе, Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора»; профессор кафедры детских болезней, Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А,</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorelov Aleksandr Vasil’yevich, Dr. of Sci.(Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Research of the Federal State Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor», Professor of the Department of Children’s Diseases of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</p><p>3A, Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123,</p><p>p. 2, 8, Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agorelov_05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-2893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печкуров</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechkurov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Печкуров Дмитрий Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой детских болезней</p><p>443079, Самара, проспект Карла Маркса, д. 165Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pechkurov Dmitriy Vladimirovich, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Children’s Diseases</p><p>liter B, 165, Karl Marx Avenue, Samara, 443079</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kdbsamgmu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3260-5672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Максим Леонидович, доктор медицинских наук, главный внештатный специалист – клинический фармаколог Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и фармакотерапии, Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; профессор кафедры фармакологии педиатрического факультета, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Муштари, д. 11, </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksimov Maxim Leonidovich, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Chief Freelance Specialist Clinical Pharmacologist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy of the Kazan State Medical Academy, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Paediatric Faculty, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University», Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>11, Musthari St., Kazan, 420012,</p><p>1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksim_maksimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolayeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермолаева Анна Саввична, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ermolayeva Anna Savvichna, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>p. 2, 8, Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора;&#13;
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor»;&#13;
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образования;&#13;
Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical Academy, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>17</issue><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каннер Е.В., Горелов А.В., Печкуров Д.В., Максимов М.Л., Ермолаева А.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каннер Е.В., Горелов А.В., Печкуров Д.В., Максимов М.Л., Ермолаева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanner E.V., Gorelov A.V., Pechkurov D.V., Maksimov M.L., Ermolayeva A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/4783">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/4783</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приведены литературные данные об особенностях иммунной системы, противоинфекционного иммунитета, включая местную защиту респираторного тракта (лимфоэпителиальная глоточная система), у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста, обусловливающих их более высокую заболеваемость острыми респираторными инфекциями (ОРИ). Этот возрастной период характеризуется «физиологической» гуморальной иммунной недостаточностью, сниженной активацией системы комплемента, недостаточным синтезом цитокинов, в т. ч. интерферонов, Т-клеточной иммуносупрессией, нарушением межклеточной кооперации, слабой функциональной активностью натуральных киллеров и фагоцитов. Несмотря на имеющийся большой арсенал средств и методов профилактики инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний вирусной и бактериальной этиологии, необходим поиск новых подходов с учетом особенностей иммунного статуса у детей раннего возраста. В статье приведены возможности управления системой врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета медикаментозными средствами, в частности путем использования бактериального лизата Бронхо-мунал®. Подробно представлена иммунорегулирующая роль бактериальных лизатов. Дано патогенетическое обоснование использования бактериального лизата Бронхо-мунал® для лечения и профилактики острых респираторных инфекций у детей, в т. ч. у детей с рекуррентными респираторными инфекциями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Literary data on peculiarities of immune system, anti-infectious immunity, including local protection of respiratory tract (lymphaticepithelial pharyngeal system), in children of early and preschool age, causing their higher incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) are given in the article. This age period is characterized by «physiological» humoral immune deficiency, reduced activation of the complement system, insufficient synthesis of cytokines, including interferons, T-cell immunosuppression, impaired intercellular cooperation, poor functional activity of natural killers and phagocytes. Despite the large range of means and methods of prophylaxis of infectious and inflammatory diseases of viral and bacterial etiology, it is necessary to search for new approaches taking into account the peculiarities of immune status in young children. The article presents the possibilities of controlling the system of congenital and adaptive immunity with medications, in particular, by using the bacterial lysate Broncho-munal®. The immunoregulatory role of bacterial lysates is presented in detail. The pathogenetic substantiation of the use of bacterial lysate Broncho-munal® for the prevention of acute respiratory infections in children, including children with recurrent respiratory infections is given.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острые респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>рекуррентные респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>ЛОР-патология</kwd><kwd>бактериальные лизаты</kwd><kwd>ОМ-85</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>recurrent respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>ENT pathology</kwd><kwd>bacterial lysates</kwd><kwd>OM-85</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заплатников А.Л., Гирина А.А. К проблеме «часто болеющих детей». Педиатрия. 2015;94(4):215–221. 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