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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2019-15-79-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5408</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инфекции в пульмонологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Infections in pulmonology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внебольничная пневмония у госпитализированных больных: клинические рекомендации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: clinical guidelines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-7313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный пульмонолог Министерства обороны Российской Федерации; главный пульмонолог пульмонологического отделения, </p><p>105094, Москва, Госпитальная пл., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med), Professor, Chief Pulmonologist,</p><p>3, Gospital’naya pl, Moscow, 105229</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-zaicev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синопальников</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinopal’nikov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии,</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med), Professor, Deputy Head of the Department of Pulmonology, </p><p>b. 1, 2/1, Barrikadnaya st, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Главный военный клинический госпиталь имени академика Н.Н. Бурденко<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Acad. N.N. Burdenko The Main Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defense<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>15</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцев А.А., Синопальников А.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцев А.А., Синопальников А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaytsev A.A., Sinopal’nikov A.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5408">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5408</self-uri><abstract><p>Внебольничная пневмония до настоящего времени является краеугольным камнем практического здравоохранения вследствие высокой заболеваемости и смертности. Основным возбудителем внебольничной пневмонии остается Streptococcus pneumoniae (30–50%), Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus и Klebsiella pneumoniae встречаются в 3–5%. В последние годы актуальной проблемой является распространение среди пневмококков штаммов, устойчивых к действию макролидных антибиотиков (~30:), и изолятов со сниженной чувствительностью к β-лактамам. На страницах международных рекомендаций в настоящее время важное значение в диагностике внебольничной пневмонии отдается биологическим маркерам воспалительного ответа. Так, у пациентов с неопределенным диагнозом «внебольничная пневмония» в случае концентрации С-реактивного белка ≥ 100 мг/л его специфичность в подтверждении диагноза превышает 90%, при концентрации ≤ 20 мг/л диагноз пневмонии является маловероятным. С целью оценки тяжести, прогноза и определения показаний к госпитализации в ОРИТ всем госпитализированным пациентам с внебольничной пневмонией необходимо использовать критерии IDSA/ATS или шкалу SMART-COP. При планировании тактики антимикробной терапии у госпитализированных больных целесообразно рубрифицировать пациентов с учетом факторов риска неэффективности терапии. При отсутствии таковых антибиотиками выбора являются ингибиторзащищенные аминопенициллины (амоксициллин/клавуланат и др.), ампициллин; альтернативный режим терапии предполагает использование респираторных фторхинолонов. У пациентов с сопутствующими заболеваниями и другими факторами риска инфицирования резистентными микроорганизмами препаратами выбора являются ингибиторзащищенные аминопенициллины (амоксициллин/клавуланат и др.), цефалоспорины III поколения (цефотаксим, цефтриаксон), респираторные фторхинолоны, у отдельных категорий пациентов могут применяться цефтаролин и эртапенем. В отношении цефтаролина стоит отметить, что его применение в настоящее время является привлекательной стратегией в связи с его широким спектром активности, включая резистентные штаммы пневмококка и S. aureus. Отдельное внимание в публикации уделено режимам антимикробной терапии при тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии, отражены критерии оценки эффективности, длительность применения антибиотиков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Community-acquired pneumonia is still the cornerstone of practical public health care due to high morbidity and mortality. Streptococcus pneumoniae (30-50%), Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae remain the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia (3-5%). In recent years, the spread of strains resistant to macrolide antibiotics (~30:) and isolates with reduced sensitivity to β-lactams among pneumococci has been a topical problem. On the pages of international recommendations, biological markers of inflammatory response are of great importance in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Thus, in patients with an uncertain diagnosis of «community-acquired pneumonia» in case of concentration of C-reactive protein ≥ 100 mg/l its specificity in confirming the diagnosis exceeds 90%, at a concentration of &lt; 20 mg/l the diagnosis of pneumonia is unlikely. All hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia should use the IDSA/ATS criteria or SMART-COP scale to assess severity, predict and determine admission to intensive  care  unit. When planning antimicrobial therapy tactics in hospitalized patients, it is advisable to categorize patients taking into account risk factors for ineffective therapy. In the absence of such, choice of antibiotics are inhibitor-proof aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanate, etc.), ampicillin; the alternative therapy mode involves the use of respiratory fluoroquinolones.</p><p>In patients with comorbidities and other risk factors for infection with resistant microorganisms, the drugs of choice are inhibitorproof aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanate, etc.), III generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone), respiratory fluoroquinolones, and ceftaroline and ertapenem may be used in certain categories of patients. With regard to ceftaroline, it is worth noting that its use is currently an attractive strategy due to its wide range of activities, including resistant strains of pneumococcus and S. aureus. Special attention in the publication is paid to antimicrobial therapy modes in case of severe community-acquired pneumonia, the criteria of efficacy assessment and duration of antibiotics application are reflected. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>антимикробная терапия</kwd><kwd>цефтаролина фосамил</kwd><kwd>клинические рекомендации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial therapy</kwd><kwd>ceftaroline fosamil</kwd><kwd>clinical guidelines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Козлов Р.С. с соавт. Внебольничная пневмония. Клинические рекомендации РРО и МАКМАХ, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CHuchalin A.G., Sinopal’nikov A.I., Kozlov R.S., et al. Community-acquired pneumonia. 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