<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2019-21-126-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5484</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕВМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RHEUMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенез и профилактика глюкокортикоид-индуцированного остеопороза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красивина</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasivina</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красивина Ирина Геннадьевна, д.м.н., доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии с профпатологией</p><p>150000, Россия, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Krasivina, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of Chair for Hospital Therapy with Occupational Pathology</p><p>5, Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ikrasivina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгова Лидия Николаевна, д.м.н., ассистент кафедры поликлинической терапии, клинической лабораторной диагностики и медицинской биохимии</p><p>150000, Россия, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidiya N. Dolgova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Teaching Assistant of Chair for Outpatient Therapy, Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Medical Biochemistry</p><p>5, Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">L.Dolgova@dkb.yar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгов Николай Владимирович, ординатор кафедры терапии имени профессора Е.Н. Дормидонтова</p><p>150000, Россия, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Dolgov, Resident Medical Practitioner, Professor E.N. Dormidontov Chair for Therapy</p><p>5, Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolgov64942@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларина Анна Алексеевна, студентка 5-го курса</p><p>150000, Россия, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Larina, fifth year student</p><p>5, Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apple950@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>21</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Красивина И.Г., Долгова Л.Н., Долгов Н.В., Ларина А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Красивина И.Г., Долгова Л.Н., Долгов Н.В., Ларина А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasivina I.G., Dolgova L.N., Dolgov N.V., Larina A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5484">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5484</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеопороз (ОП) занимает ведущее место в структуре общей заболеваемости и смертности населения наряду с инфарктом миокарда, онкологическими заболеваниями, внезапной смертью. Показатели первичной и общей заболеваемости ОП значительно отличаются по областям России как по данным Департамента мониторинга, анализа и стратегического развития здравоохранения ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Минздрава России, так и по данным проведенных эпидемиологических исследований. Остеопороз классифицируют как первичный, если он развивается у женщин в постменопаузе или у пожилых мужчин при отсутствии какого-либо основного предрасполагающего к нему заболевания, и как вторичный, если имеется патогенетическая связь с болезнью или приемом лекарственных препаратов. Наиболее распространенной формой вторичного остеопороза является глюкокортикоид-индуцированный, выделяемый в Международной классификации болезней и причин смерти (X пересмотр) под шифром M 81.4 – лекарственный остеопороз. Тема глюкокортикоид-индуцированного ОП затрагивает профессиональные сферы значительного количества медицинских специальностей в связи с широким использованием глюкокортикостероидов в медицине. В настоящей статье представлены вопросы эпидемиологии, патогенеза, осложнений глюкокортикоид-индуцированного ОП. Особое внимание уделяется профилактике данного заболевания, включающей такие немедикаментозные способы, как сбалансированная диета, увеличение массы тела до рекомендуемых значений, отказ от курения, регулярные физические упражнения с нагрузкой весом и сопротивлением, меры по предупреждению падений. Медикаментозная профилактика глюкокортикоид-индуцированного ОП направлена на рациональное лечение основного заболевания до достижения цели, а также на применение комплексных лекарственных препаратов, содержащих витамин D, кальций и синергичные остеотропные микроэлементы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoporosis (OP) along with myocardial infarction, oncological diseases and expected death takes the lead in the general morbidity and mortality profile of population. The indicators of primary and general incidence of OP are markedly different in the regions of Russia according to the Healthcare Monitoring, Analysis and Strategic Development Department of the Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization of Healthcare of the Ministry of Health of Russia and according to the data of epidemiological studies. Osteoporosis is classified as primary, if it develops in postmenopausal women or in older men in the absence of any underlying predisposing disease, and as secondary if there is a pathogenetic relationship with the disease or drug intake. The glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis, which is distinguished in the International Classification System of Diseases and Death Causes (X revision) under code M 81.4 - drug-induced osteoporosis is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis. The topic of glucocorticoidinduced OP affects the professional fields of a significant number of medical specialties in connection with the common use of glucocorticosteroids in medicine. This article presents the issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis, complications of glucocorticoid-induced OP. Particular attention is paid to the prevention of this disease, including such non-pharmacological methods as a balanced diet, body weight gain to the recommended values, smoking cessation, regular exercise against weightlifting and resistance, protection against falls. Drug prophylaxis of glucocorticoid-induced OP is focused on the rational treatment to target of the underlying disease and the use of complex drugs containing vitamin D, calcium and synergistic osteotropic micronutrients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикоид-индуцированный остеопороз</kwd><kwd>модификация факторов риска</kwd><kwd>комплексные лекарственные препараты кальция и витамина D</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>glucocorticosteroids</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>risk factor modification</kwd><kwd>calcium and vitamin D combination drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А. Остеопороз. Клинические рекомендации. М.: МЗ РФ; 2016. 104 с. Режим доступа: https://www.endocrincentr.ru/sites/default/files/specialists/science/clinic-recomendations/rec_osteoporosis_2016.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov I.I., Melnichenko G.A. Osteoporosis. Clinical guidelines. М.: Ministry of Health of the RF; 2016. 104 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.endocrincentr.ru/sites/default/files/specialists/science/clinic-recomendations/rec_osteoporosis_2016.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cannarella R., Barbagallo F., Condorelli R.A., Aversa A., La Vignera S., Calogero A.E. Osteoporosis from an Endocrine Perspective: The Role of Hormonal Changes in the Elderly. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1564. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cannarella R., Barbagallo F., Condorelli R.A., Aversa A., La Vignera S., Calogero A.E. Osteoporosis from an Endocrine Perspective: The Role of Hormonal Changes in the Elderly. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1564. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Торопцова Н.В., Никитинская О.А., Беневоленская Л.И. Профилактика первичного остеопороза с помощью различных препаратов кальция. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2005;43(1):36-39. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2005-554.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toroptsova N.V., Nikitinskaya O.A., Benevolenskaya L.I. Primary osteoporosis prophylaxis with different calcium preparations. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2005;43(1):36-39. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2005-554.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вербова А.Ф., Пашенцева А.В., Шаронова Л.А. Остеопороз: современное состояние проблемы. Терапевтический архив. 2017;89(5):90-97. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201789590-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verbovoy A.F., Pashentseva A.V., Sharonova L.A. Osteoporosis: Current state of the art. Terapevticheskij arxiv = Therapeutic arkhive. 2017;89(5):90-97. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201789590-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu J., Curtis E.M., Cooper C. et al. State of the art in osteoporosis risk assessment and treatment. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019;(42):1149–1164. doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01041-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu J., Curtis E.M., Cooper C. et al. State of the art in osteoporosis risk assessment and treatment. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019;(42):1149–1164. doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01041-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis J.A., Odén A., McCloskey E.V. et al. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos. 2012;(23):2239–2256. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-1964-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis J.A., Odén A., McCloskey E.V. et al. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos. 2012;(23):2239–2256. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-1964-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М. Аудит состояния проблемы остеопороза в Российской Федерации. Профилактическая медицина. 2011;14(2):7-10. Режим доступа: https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/terapevticheskijarkhiv/2017/5/downloads/ru/1004036602017051090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak O.M. Osteoporosis: audit of problem in Russian Federation. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = Preventive Medicine. 2011;14(2):7-10. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/terapevticheskijarkhiv/2017/5/downloads/ru/1004036602017051090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirza F., Canalis E. Secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(3):R131–R151. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirza F., Canalis E. Secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(3):R131–R151. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доскина Е.В. Пациент с остеопорозом на приеме врача-терапевта: с чего начать и на что обратить внимание? Терапия. 2017;5(15):22–28. Режим доступа: https://therapy-journal.ru/ru/archive/edition/9815.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doskina E.V. Osteoporosis patient at a GP appointment: where to start and what to look for? Terapiya = Therapy. 2017;5(15):22–28. (In Russ.) Available at: https://therapy-journal.ru/ru/archive/edition/9815.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haugeberg G., Orstavik R.E., Uhlig T., et al. Bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population-based cohort of 366 patients followed up for two years. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(7):1720–1728. doi: 10.1002/art.10408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haugeberg G., Orstavik R.E., Uhlig T., et al. Bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population-based cohort of 366 patients followed up for two years. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(7):1720–1728. doi: 10.1002/art.10408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kvien T.K., Haugeberg G., Uhlig T., et al. Data driven attempt to create a clinical algorithm for identification of women with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk of osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;(59):805–11. doi: 10.1136/ard.59.10.805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvien T.K., Haugeberg G., Uhlig T., et al. Data driven attempt to create a clinical algorithm for identification of women with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk of osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;(59):805–11. doi: 10.1136/ard.59.10.805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lodder M.C., Haugeberg G., Lems W.F., et al. Radiographic Damage Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Deformities in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Oslo-Truro-Amsterdam (OSTRA) Collaborative Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49(2):209–15. doi: 10.1002/art.10996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lodder M.C., Haugeberg G., Lems W.F., et al. Radiographic Damage Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Deformities in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Oslo-Truro-Amsterdam (OSTRA) Collaborative Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49(2):209–15. doi: 10.1002/art.10996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oelzner P., Schwabe A., Lehmann G., et al. Significance of risk factors for osteoporosis is dependent on gender and menopause in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2008;28(11):1143–50. doi: 10.1007/s00296-008-0576-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oelzner P., Schwabe A., Lehmann G., et al. Significance of risk factors for osteoporosis is dependent on gender and menopause in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2008;28(11):1143–50. doi: 10.1007/s00296-008-0576-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таскина Е.А., Алексеева Л.И. Факторы риска развития остеопороза у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(5):562–571. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-562-571.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taskina E.A., Alekseeva L.I. Risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(5):562–571. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-562-571.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болезнь Иценко – Кушинга: клинические рекомендации. 2016. Режим доступа: https://rae-org.ru/system/files/documents/pdf/kr84_bolezn_icenko-kushinga.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cushing’s basophilism: clinical guidelines. 2016. (In Russ.) Available at: https://rae-org.ru/system/files/documents/pdf/kr84_bolezn_icenkokushinga.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belaya Z.E., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Solodovnikov A.G., Dragunova N.V., Melnichenko G.A. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: fractures and bone remodeling in patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Series: Endocrinology Research and Clinical Developments. Online Book, Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc New-York; 2013. 55 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belaya Z.E., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Solodovnikov A.G., Dragunova N.V., Melnichenko G.A. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: fractures and bone remodeling in patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Series: Endocrinology Research and Clinical Developments. Online Book, Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc New-York; 2013. 55 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цориев Т.Т., Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я., Никанкина Л.В. Оценка диагностических возможностей коллагенового маркера костеобразования (P1NP) в сравнении с остеокальцином при болезни Иценко – Кушинга. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2019;22(1):10-17. doi: 10.14341/osteo10266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsoriev T.T., Belaya Zh.E., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Nikankina L.V. Evalution of diagnostic potential of the collagen osteogenesis marker (P1NP) compared with osteocalcin in Cushing’s disease. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases = Osteoporoz i osteopatii. 2019;22(1):10-17. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/osteo10266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цориев Т.Т., Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я., Мельниченко Г.А., Ильин А.В., Никанкина Л.В., Дедов И.И. Новые биомаркеры регуляции костного ремоделирования при акромегалии и эндогенном гиперкортицизме. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2018;15(3):33-41. doi: 10.14341/omet9447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsoriev T.T., Belaya Zh.E., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Mel’nichenko G.A., Ilyin A.V., Nikankina L.V., Dedov I.I. New biomarkers of bone remodeling regulation in patients with acromegaly and endogenous hypercortisolism. Obesity and metabolism = Ozhirenie i metabolism. 2018;15(3):33-41. doi: 10.14341/omet9447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G., Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2002;(13):777–787. doi: 10.1007/s001980200108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G., Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2002;(13):777–787. doi: 10.1007/s001980200108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G., Abenhaim L., Zhang B., Cooper C. Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15(6):993–1000. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.6.993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G., Abenhaim L., Zhang B., Cooper C. Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15(6):993–1000. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.6.993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Staa Т.Р., Leufkens H .G.M., Abenhaim L. et al. Use of oral corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. Q J Med. 2000;93(2):105-111. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/93.2.105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Staa Т.Р., Leufkens H .G.M., Abenhaim L. et al. Use of oral corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. Q J Med. 2000;93(2):105-111. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/93.2.105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis J.A., Johansson H., Oden A., McCloskey E.V. Guidance for the adjustment of FRAX according to the dose of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int. 2011;(22):809–816. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1524-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis J.A., Johansson H., Oden A., McCloskey E.V. Guidance for the adjustment of FRAX according to the dose of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int. 2011;(22):809–816. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1524-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дыдыкина И.С., Баранова И.А., Maslova K.A., Беневоленская Л.И. Глюкокортикоид-индуцированный остеопороз. Научно- практическая ревматология. 2005;43(1):69-75. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2005-561.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dydykina I.S., Baranova I.A., Maslova K.A., Benevolenskaya L.I. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2005;43(1):69-75. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2005-561.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фоломеева О.М., Насонов Е.Л., Андрианова И.А. и др. Ревматоидный артрит в ревматологической практике России: тяжесть заболевания в российской популяции больных. Одномоментное (поперечное) эпидемиологическое исследование (RAISER). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2010;48(1):50-60. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2010-1406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folomeeva O.M., Nasonov E.L., Andrianova I.A., et al. Rheumatoid arthritis in rheumatological care of Russia: The severity of the disease in a russian patient population: A cross-sectional epidemiological study (RAISER). Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2010;48(1):50-60. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2010-1406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитинская О.А., Торопцова Н.В., Демин Н.В., Феклистов А.Ю., Насонов Е.Л. Риск осте- опоротических переломов у больных ревматоидным артритом: результаты программы «Остеоскрининг Россия». Научно-практическая ревматология. 2018;56(3):310-315. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-310-315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitinskaya O.A., Toroptsova N.V., Demin N.V., Feklistov A.Y., Nasonov E.L. The risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of the program «Osteoscreening Russia». Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2018;56(3):310-315. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-310-315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbour K.E., Lui L.Y., Ensrud K.E., Hillier T.A., LeBlanc E.S., Ing S.W. et al. Inflammatory markers and risk of hip fracture in older white women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(9):2057-2064. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbour K.E., Lui L.Y., Ensrud K.E., Hillier T.A., LeBlanc E.S., Ing S.W. et al. Inflammatory markers and risk of hip fracture in older white women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(9):2057-2064. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G., Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2000;13(10):777-787. doi: 10.1007/s001980200108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Staa T.P., Leufkens H.G., Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2000;13(10):777-787. doi: 10.1007/s001980200108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Vries F., Bracke M., Leufkens H.G., Lammers J.W., Cooper C., Van Staa T.P. Fracture risk with intermittent high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(1):208–214. doi: 10.1002/art.22294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Vries F., Bracke M., Leufkens H.G., Lammers J.W., Cooper C., Van Staa T.P. Fracture risk with intermittent high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(1):208–214. doi: 10.1002/art.22294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Israel E., Banerjee T.R., Fitzmaurice G.M., Kotlov T.V., LaHive K., LeBoff M.S. Effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone density in premenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2001;(345):941–947. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa002304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Israel E., Banerjee T.R., Fitzmaurice G.M., Kotlov T.V., LaHive K., LeBoff M.S. Effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone density in premenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2001;(345):941–947. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa002304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canalis E., Mazziotti G., Giustina A., Bilezikian J.P. Glucorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and Therapy. Osteoporos Int. 2007;(18):1319–1328. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0394-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canalis E., Mazziotti G., Giustina A., Bilezikian J.P. Glucorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and Therapy. Osteoporos Int. 2007;(18):1319–1328. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0394-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira R.C., Delany A.M., Canalis E. Effects of cortisol and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on stromal cell differentiation: correlation with CCAAT-enhancer binding protein expression. Bone. 2002;30(5):685–691. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00687-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereira R.C., Delany A.M., Canalis E. Effects of cortisol and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on stromal cell differentiation: correlation with CCAAT-enhancer binding protein expression. Bone. 2002;30(5):685–691. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00687-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delany A.M., Durant D., Canalis E. Glucocorticoid suppression of IGF I transcription in osteoblasts. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15(10):1781–1789. doi: 10.1210/mend.15.10.0704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delany A.M., Durant D., Canalis E. Glucocorticoid suppression of IGF I transcription in osteoblasts. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15(10):1781–1789. doi: 10.1210/mend.15.10.0704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giustina A., Mazziotti G., Canalis E. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and the skeleton. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):535–559. doi: 10.1210/er.2007-0036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giustina A., Mazziotti G., Canalis E. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and the skeleton. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):535–559. doi: 10.1210/er.2007-0036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dallas S.L., Prideaux M., Bonewald L.F. The osteocyte: an endocrine cell ... and more. Endocr Rev. 2013;34(5):658–690. doi: 10.1210/er.2012-1026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dallas S.L., Prideaux M., Bonewald L.F. The osteocyte: an endocrine cell ... and more. Endocr Rev. 2013;34(5):658–690. doi: 10.1210/er.2012-1026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartmann K., Koenen M., Schauer S. et al. Molecular Actions of Glucocorticoids in Cartilage and Bone During Health, Disease, and Steroid Therapy. Physiol Rev. 2016;96(2):409-447. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartmann K., Koenen M., Schauer S. et al. Molecular Actions of Glucocorticoids in Cartilage and Bone During Health, Disease, and Steroid Therapy. Physiol Rev. 2016;96(2):409-447. doi: 10.1152/physrev.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yakar S., Canalis E., Sun H., Mejia W., Kawashima Y., Nasser P., et al. Serum IGF-1 determines skeletal strength by regulating subperiosteal expansion and trait interactions. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24(8):1481-1492. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.090226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова И.А., Ершова О.Б., Анаев Э.Х. и др. Анализ оказания консультативной медицинской помощи пациентам с глюкокортикоид- м остеопорозом или риском его развития по данным анкетирования пациентов (исследование ГЛЮКОСТ). Терапевтический архив. 2015;87(5):58-64. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587558-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakar S., Canalis E., Sun H., Mejia W., Kawashima Y., Nasser P., et al. Serum IGF-1 determines skeletal strength by regulating subperiosteal expansion and trait interactions. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24(8):1481-1492. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.090226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ершова О.Б., Белова К.Ю., Барышева Ю.В. и др. Многофакторность развития остеопороза: обзор научных исследований кафедры терапии Института последипломного образования Ярославского государственного медицинского университета. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2016;54(2):187-190. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2016-187-190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova I.A., Rrshova O.B., Anaev E.Kh. Analysis of the state-of-the-art of consulting medical care to patients with glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis or its risk according to the data of a questionnaire survey (GLUCOST study). Terapevticheskij arxiv = Therapeutic arkhive. 2015;87(5):58-64. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587558-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laan R.F., van Riel P.L., van de Putte L.B., et al. Low-dose prednisone induces rapid reversible axial bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(10):963-968. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ershova O.B., Belova K.Yu., Barysheva Yu.V., et al. The mutifactorial pattern of osteoporosis: A review of the researches of the Department of Therapy, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Yaroslavl State Medical University. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2016;54(2):187-190. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2016-187-190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laan R.F., van Riel P.L., van de Putte L.B., et al. Low-dose prednisone induces rapid reversible axial bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(10):963-968. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laan R.F., van Riel P.L., van de Putte L.B., et al. Low-dose prednisone induces rapid reversible axial bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(10):963-968. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall G.M., Spector T.D., Griffin A.J., et al. The effect of rheumatoid arthritis and steroid therapy on bone density in postmenopausal women. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36(11):1510-</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall G.M., Spector T.D., Griffin A.J., et al. The effect of rheumatoid arthritis and steroid therapy on bone density in postmenopausal women. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36(11):1510-1516. doi: 10.1002/art.1780361105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">doi: 10.1002/art.1780361105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toroptsova N.V. Review of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2018;56(2):144-151. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-144-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Торопцова Н.В. Обзор клинических рекомендаций Американской коллегии ревматологов (ACR) по профилактике и лечению глюкокортикостероидного остеопороза. Научно-практическая ревматология; 56(2):144-151. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-144-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dydykina I.S., Alekseeva L.I. Osteoporos pri reumatoidnom artrite: diagnostika, factory riska, perelomy, lechenie. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(5):13-17. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-1454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дыдыкина И.С., Алексеева Л.И. Остеопороз при ревматоидном артрите: диагностика, факторы риска, переломы, лечение. Научно- практическая ревматология. 2011;49(5):13-17. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-1454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buckley L.M., Leib E.S., Cartularo K.S., Vacek P.M., Cooper S.M. Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation prevents bone loss in the spine secondary to low-dose corticosteroids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996;(125):961–968. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buckley L.M., Leib E.S., Cartularo K.S., Vacek P.M., Cooper S.M. Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation prevents bone loss in the spine secondary to low-dose corticosteroids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996;(125):961–968. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raterman H.G., Bultink I.E.M., Lems W.F. Current Treatments and New Developments in the Management of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. Drugs. 2019 Jul;79(10):1065-1087. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-01145-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raterman H.G., Bultink I.E.M., Lems W.F. Current Treatments and New Developments in the Management of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. Drugs. 2019 Jul;79(10):1065-1087. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-01145-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossini M., Viapiana O., Vitiello M. et al. Prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic fractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment for rheumatic diseases: the Glucocorticoid Induced OsTeoporosis TOol (GIOTTO) study. Reumatismo. 2017;69(1):30-39. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2017.922.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossini M., Viapiana O., Vitiello M. et al. Prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic fractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment for rheumatic diseases: the Glucocorticoid Induced OsTeoporosis TOol (GIOTTO) study. Reumatismo. 2017;69(1):30-39. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2017.922.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park S.Y., Gong H.S., Kim K.M. et al. Korean Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. J Bone Metab. 2018;25(4):195-211. doi: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.4.195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park S.Y., Gong H.S., Kim K.M. et al. Korean Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. J Bone Metab. 2018;25(4):195-211. doi: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.4.195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buckley L., Guyatt G., Fink H.A., et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69(8):1521-1537. doi: 10.1002/art.40137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buckley L., Guyatt G., Fink H.A., et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69(8):1521-1537. doi: 10.1002/art.40137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evstigneeva L.P., Kozhemyakina E.V., Negodaeva E.V. et al. Efficacy of psysical exercises in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(1):49-55. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-49-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евстигнеева Л., Кожемякина Е., Негодаева Е. и др. Эффективность физических упражнений у лиц с остеопоретическими перелома- ми позвонков. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(1):49-55. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-49-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evstigneeva L.P., Lesnyak O.M., Kuznetsova N.M. et al. Educating patients with osteoporosis: results of a multicenter randomized study. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = Preventive Medicine. 2013;16(1):18-24. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/profilakticheskaya-meditsina/2013/1/031726 6130201314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евстигнеева Л.П., Лесняк О.М., Кузнецова Н.М. и др. Обучение пациентов с остеопоро- зом: результаты многоцентрового рандомизированного исследования. Профилактическая медицина. 2013;16(1):18-24. Режим доступа: https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/profilakticheskayameditsina/2013/1/031726 6130201314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereira R.M., Carvalho J.F., Paula A.P. et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2012;52(4):580–593. Available at: https://medblog.su/prochietematiki/osobennosti-pobochnyh-effektovglyukokortikoidov-v-sravnenii-s-proyavleniyami-endogennogo-giperkortitsizma-drevala-v-budul-n-a-komerdus-i-v-britvin-t-aglazkov-a-a.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira R.M., Carvalho J.F., Paula A.P. et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2012;52(4):580–593. Available at: https://medblog.su/prochie-tematiki/osobennosti-pobochnyh-effektov-glyukokortikoidov-v-sravnenii-s-proyavleniyami-endogennogo-giperkortitsizma-dreval-a-v-budul-n-akomerdus-i-v-britvin-t-a-glazkov-a-a.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavisova A.A., Tverdikova M.A., Jakuchevskaja O.B.. Osteoporosis: a modern view of the problem. RMZh = RMJ. 2012;(21):1110–1113. (In Russ.) Available at: https://lechenie-osteoporoza.ru/osteoporoz-sovremennyy-vzglyadna-problemu-2/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гависова А.А., Твердикова М.А., Якушевская О.В. Остеопороз: современный взгляд на проблему. РМЖ. 2012;(21):1110–1113. Режим доступа: https://lechenie-osteoporoza.ru/osteoporozsovremennyy-vzglyad-na-problemu-2/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toroptsova N.V., Feklistov A.Y. The risk of falls in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2016;54(6):705-711. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2016-705-711.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Торопцова Н.В., Феклистов А.Ю. Риск падений у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2016;54(6):705-711. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2016-705-711.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi H.K. Dietary risk factors for rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17(2):141–6. doi: 10.1097/01.cco.0000152664.87204.3c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi H.K. Dietary risk factors for rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17(2):141–6. doi: 10.1097/01.cco.0000152664.87204.3c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benito-Garcia E., Feskanich D., Hu F.B., et al. Protein, iron, and meat consumption and risk for rheumatoid art ± hritis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9(1):R16. doi: 10.1186/ar2123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benito-Garcia E., Feskanich D., Hu F.B., et al. Protein, iron, and meat consumption and risk for rheumatoid art ± hritis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9(1):R16. doi: 10.1186/ar2123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinchik A.N., Baturin A.K., Martinchik E.A., et al. Actual consumption of antioxidant vitamins population of Russia. Voprosy` pitaniya = Voprosy pitaniya. 2005;74(4):9–13 (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/15663413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартинчик А.Н., Батурин А.К., Мартинчик Э.А. и др. Фактическое потребление витаминов- антиоксидантов населением России. Вопросы питания. 2005;74(4):9–13. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/15663413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khodyrev V.N., Martinchik A.N., Lesnyak O.M., et al. Provision of vitamins and calcium in rheumatoid arthritis: Estimation of intake and plasma concentrations. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(1):38–44. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-38-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ходырев В.Н., Мартинчик А.Н., Лесняк О.М. и др. Обеспеченность витаминами и кальцием при ревматоидном артрите: оценка по потреблению и концентрации в плазме крови. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(1):38-44. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-38-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitinskaya O.A., Toroptsova N.V. The social program «Osteoskrining Russia» in action. Farmateka = Farmateka. 2012;(6):90–3 (In Russ.) Available at: https://pharmateca.ru/ru/archive/article/8412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитинская О.А., Торопцова Н.В. Социальная программа «Остеоскрининг Россия» в действии. Фарматека. 2012;(6):90–3. Режим доступа: https://pharmateca.ru/ru/archive/article/8412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolland M.J., Grey A., Avenell A. et al. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;(342):d2040. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d2040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolland M.J., Grey A., Avenell A. et al. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;(342):d2040. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d2040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of calcium. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. EFSA Journal. 2012;10(7):2814–2857. Available at: http://journaldatabase.info/articles/scientific_opinion_on_tolerable_upper_intake.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of calcium. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. EFSA Journal. 2012;10(7):2814–2857. Available at: http://journaldatabase.info/articles/scientific_opinion_on_tolerable_upper_intake.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak O.M., Nikitinskaya O.A., Toroptsova N.V., et al. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiencies in the adult population of Russia and in patients with osteoporosis (according to the materials of prepared clinical recommendation). Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(4):403–408. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-403-408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М., Никитинскя О.А., Торопцова Н.В. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение дефицита витамина D и кальция у взрослого населения России и пациентов с остеопорозом (по материалам подготовленных клинических рекомендаций). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(4):403-408. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-403-408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis: the role of vitamin D deficiency and treatm ent with vitamin D and analogues in the prevention of osteoporosis related fractures. Eur J Clin. Invest. 1996;26(6):436-442. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8817154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis: the role of vitamin D deficiency and treatm ent with vitamin D and analogues in the prevention of osteoporosis related fractures. Eur J Clin. Invest. 1996;26(6):436-442. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8817154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromova O.A., Torshin I.YU., Limanova O.A. Calcium and its synergists in support of connective and bone tissue structure. Lechashchiy vrach. 2014;(5):69-74. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.lvrach.ru/2014/05/15435966/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Лиманова О.А. Кальций и его синергисты в поддержке структуры соединительной и костной ткани. Лечащий врач. 2014;(5):69-74. Режим доступа: https://www.lvrach.ru/2014/05/15435966/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitinskaya O.A., Toroptsova N.V., Nasonov E.L. Osteoporosis treatment adherence: results from a retrospective cohort study. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2019;57(4):415-420. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-415-420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитинская О.А., Торопцова Н.В., Насонов Е.Л. Приверженность лечению остеопороза: результаты ретроспективного когортного исследования. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2019;57(4):415-420. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-415-420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Никитинская О.А., Торопцова Н.В., Насонов Е.Л. Приверженность лечению остеопороза: результаты ретроспективного когортного исследования. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2019;57(4):415-420. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-415-420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
