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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-1-177-184</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5555</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА ПЕДИАТРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICIAN SCHOOL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Какие способы профилактики и лечения антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи у детей существуют в настоящее время?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>What methods are currently available to prevent and treat antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-1846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каннер</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanner</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каннер Екатерина Валерьевна - кандидат медицнских наук, старший научный сотрудник клинического отдела инфекционной патологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kanner - Senior Researcher of the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology.</p><p>3A, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekanner@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горелов Александр Васильевич - чл.-корр. РАН, доктор медицнских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе ЦНИИЭ; профессор кафедры детских болезней  Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова.</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3а; 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Gorelov - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. of Sci.(Med.), Professor, Deputy Director CRIER, Professor of the Department of Children's Diseases MSMU named after I.M. Sechenov.</p><p>3A, Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123; p. 2, 8, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">crie@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3260-5672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Максим Леонидович - доктор медицнских наук, главный внештатный специалист - клинический фармаколог Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и фармакотерапии, Казанская государственная медицинская академия - филиал РМАНПО; профессор кафедры фармакологии педиатрического факультета РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова.</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim L. Maksimov - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Chief Freelance Specialist Clinical Pharmacologist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy of the Kazan State Medical Academy, a branch RMACPE, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Paediatric Faculty N.I. Pirogov RNRMU.</p><p>1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997; 36, Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksim_maksimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1184-0561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolayeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермолаева Анна Саввична - кандидат медицнских наук, доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней, Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Ermolayeva - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases. </p><p>P. 2, 8, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mma-ermolaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-8889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булгакова Ирина Сергеевна - студентка 5-го курса факультета клинической медицины, Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Bulgakova, 5th year student of the Department of Clinical Medicine.</p><p>P. 2, 8, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bulgakovarina4@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия - филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy, a branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каннер Е.В., Горелов А.В., Максимов М.Л., Ермолаева А.С., Булгакова И.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каннер Е.В., Горелов А.В., Максимов М.Л., Ермолаева А.С., Булгакова И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanner E.V., Gorelov A.V., Maksimov M.L., Ermolayeva A.S., Bulgakova I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5555">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5555</self-uri><abstract><p>Нежелательные лекарственные реакции со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), нередко с развитием антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи (ААД), являются самыми частыми неблагоприятными эффектами антибактериальной терапии в амбулаторной практике. В данном обзоре приведены наиболее современные данные об антибиотик-ассоциированных поражениях кишечника. Представлены современные сведения о вопросах эпидемиологии и этиологических микробных факторов ААД и псевдомембранозного колита.</p><p>Авторы приводят клинические формы ААД, которые варьируют от идиопатической с картиной энтерита до патоген-специ-фической АДД (антибиотикоассоциированный колит). Комплексный подход к верификации ААД и тактике ведения пациентов дает возможность значительно уменьшить число и степень тяжести возможных осложнений. ААД, в т. ч. C. difficile-ассоциированные диарея/колит, должны быть заподозрены у любого пациента с диареей, получавшего антибиотики в предшествующие 2 мес. В дополнение к клиническим признакам должны быть оценены результаты лабораторных тестов, подтверждающие наличие клостридиальной инфекции. В статье отражен алгоритм комплексного подхода к терапии ААД, где наряду с использованием метронидазола и ванкомицина большое значение придают пробиотикам, которые играют определенную роль не только в предупреждении рецидива, но и в профилактике данной патологии.</p><p>В статье представлена общая характеристика пробиотических препаратов, механизмы действия пробиотиков: антагонистическое воздействие на патогенные и условно-патогенные бактерии микробиоты, укрепление слизистого барьера ЖКТ, а также влияние на модуляцию иммунного ответа, в результате чего происходит запуск цепочки механизмов иммунологической защиты.</p><p>На основании публикаций отечественных и зарубежных исследователей рассмотрены возможности использования различных пробиотических штаммов бактерий, и в частности, перспективы применения Lactobacillusreuteri.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Unwanted drug reactions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), often with the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD), are the most frequent adverse effects of antibacterial therapy in outpatient practice. This review presents the most current data on antibiotic-associated intestinal lesions. It provides up-to-date information on the epidemiology and etiology of microbial factors of AAD and pseudomembranous colitis.</p><p>The authors cite clinical forms of AAD, which range from idiopathic with a picture of enteritis to pathogen-specific AAD (antibiotic-associated colitis). A comprehensive approach to AAD verification and patient management tactics makes it possible to significantly reduce the number and severity of possible complications. AAD, including C. difficile-associated diarrhoea/colitis, should be suspected in any patient with diarrhoea who has received antibiotics in the previous 2 months. In addition to clinical signs, laboratory tests confirming clostridial infection should be evaluated. The article presents the algorithm of the comprehensive approach to the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), which along with the use of metronidazole and vancomycin places a high priority on the probiotics, which not only prevents relapse, but also protects from this pathology.</p><p>The article presents general characteristics of probiotic preparations, mechanisms of action of probiotics: antagonistic influence on pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria of microbiota, strengthening of mucous barrier of gastrointestinal tract, and also influence on modulation of immune response, as a result of which the chain of mechanisms of immunological protection starts. On the basis of publications of domestic and foreign researchers, the possibilities of using various probiotic strains of bacteria, and in particular, the prospects of using Lactobacillus reuteri, have been considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus reuteri</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd><kwd>antibacterial therapy</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus reuteri</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Versporten A., Bolokhovets G., Ghazaryan L., et aL. Antibiotic use in eastern Europe: a crossnational database study in coordination with the WHO Regional Office for Europe. 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