medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2020-3-78-84medsovet-5574Research ArticleБеременность и родыPregnancy and childbirthДифференцированный подход к микронутриентному сопровождению планирующих, беременных и кормящих женщинDifferentiated approach to vitamin deficiency prevention at the stages of pregravid preparation and management of pregnancyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-3508ЛисицынаО. И.LisitsynaO. I.

Лисицына Ольга Игоревна, ординатор

117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4

Olga I. Lisitsyna, intern of General Surgery

4, Oparina St., Moscow, 117997

o_yazykova@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8826-8439ХилькевичЕ. Г.KhilkevichE. G.

Хилькевич Елена Григорьевна, доктор медицинских наук, врач акушер-гинеколог хирургического отделения

117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4

Elena G. Khilkevich, Dr. of Sci. (Med), leading researcher of General Surgery

4, Oparina St., Moscow, 117997

e_khilkevich@oparina4.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. КулаковаРоссияNational Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. KulakovRussian Federation202016042020037884Copyright © Лисицына О.И., Хилькевич Е.Г., 20202020Лисицына О.И., Хилькевич Е.Г.Lisitsyna O.I., Khilkevich E.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5574

Адекватное сбалансированное питание женщины является одним из важнейших аспектов на этапах прегравидарной подготовки, в период беременности и лактации. Так, в период беременности и лактации потребность в витаминах и минералах увеличивается на 20–50%. Учитывая, что материнский организм является единственным источником витаминов и минералов для растущего и развивающегося плода, полноценное питание матери становится одним из основополагающих факторов становления здоровья ребенка в будущем. Особое внимание уделяют дотации фолатов, йода, железа, омега-3 жирных кислот и витамина D. Данные микроэлементы имеют принципиальное значение для полноценного развития плода, профилактики развития преэклампсии, гестационного сахарного диабета, преждевременных родов и врожденных пороков развития плода. Однако, согласно исследованиям, значительное количество женщин в периоды прегравидарной подготовки, беременности и лактации испытывают дефицит витаминов и минералов. Причем у 70–80% обследованных выявляется сочетанный дефицит трех и более витаминов вне зависимости от возраста, региона проживания, профессиональной принадлежности и сезона. В случаях, когда в указанные периоды женщине не удается достичь адекватной и сбалансированной диеты, витаминно-минеральная поддержка способствует снижению риска осложнений беременности и врожденных пороков развития плода. Индивидуальный дифференцированный подход в назначении витаминно-минеральных комплексов женщинам в указанные периоды является перспективным с точки зрения эффективной профилактики осложнений беременности и врожденных пороков развития плода. В статье рассмотрены принципы адекватной витаминопрофилактики на этапе прегравидарной подготовки и в разные периоды беременности.

Adequate balanced nutrition of a woman is one of the most important aspects at the stages of pregravid preparation, during pregnancy and lactation. The needs for vitamins and minerals increase by 20–50% during pregnancy and lactation. Considering that the mother’s body is the only source of vitamins and minerals for the growing and developing fetus, adequate nutrition of the mother becomes one of the underlying determinants of the development period of the child’s health in the future. Particular attention should be paid to the supplement of folates, iodine, iron, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D. These microelements are critical to the healthy development of the fetus, the prevention of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature birth and fetal congenital anomalies. However, the studies show that a significant number of women suffer from shortage of vitamins and minerals during pregravid preparation, pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, a combined deficiency of three or more vitamins is identified in 70–80% of the examined women, regardless of age, region of residence, occupation and season. In cases when a woman fails to achieve an adequate and balanced diet during these periods, vitamin and mineral support helps reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and fetal congenital anomalies. An individual differentiated approach to the prescription of vitamindoimineral complexes for women in these periods is perspective in terms of effective prevention of pregnancy complications and fetal congenital anomalies. The article discusses the principles of adequate vitamin deficiency prevention at the stage of pregravid preparation and at different stages of pregnancy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.