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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-6-90-96</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5640</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL ISSUES OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антигистаминные препараты в лечении аллергического ринита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-4229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусева Александра Леонидовна, кандидат медицинских наук доцент, кафедра оториноларингологии им. акад. Б.С. Преображенского</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra L. Guseva, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology named after Academician B.S. Preobrazhensky</p><p>1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexandra.guseva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8184-7312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дербенева</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derbeneva</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дербенева Мария Львовна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-оториноларинголог</p><p>117049, Москва, Ленинский пр., д. 10</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya L. Derbeneva, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Otorhynolaryngologist</p><p>10, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 117049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlderbeneva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница №1 им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусева А.Л., Дербенева М.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусева А.Л., Дербенева М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guseva A.L., Derbeneva M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5640">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5640</self-uri><abstract><p>Аллергический ринит является широко распространенным аллергическим заболеванием, оказывающим значительное негативное влияние на качество жизни пациентов. В терапии аллергического ринита большое значение имеет фармакотерапия, включающая применение антигистаминных средств, антагонистов лейкотриеновых рецепторов, топических стероидов, деконгестантов, кромонов, антихолинергических средств и их различных комбинаций. К часто азначаемым препаратам при легком, среднетяжелом и тяжелом течении заболевания относятся антигистаминные препараты. В статье рассматриваются механизмы действия антигистаминных препаратов первого и второго поколения, проводится сравнение возможных побочных эффектов и межлекарственного взаимодействия. Антигистаминные препараты первого поколения отличаются выраженным седативным и снотворным эффектом, в основном из-за своих выраженных липофильных свойств и способности проникать через гематоэнцефалический барьер и связываться с Н1-гистаминовыми рецепторами в ЦНС. Низкая селективность антигистаминных препаратов первого поколения обуславливает возможность их взаимодействия с другими рецепторами и развитие нежелательных побочных реакций, в том числе сухости во рту, носоглотке, реже расширения зрачков, повышения внутриглазного давления, тахикардии и задержки мочеиспускания. Биластин является высоко селективным антигистаминным препаратом второго поколения, имеющим быстрое начало и длительную продолжительность действия.</p><p>Этот препарат не взаимодействует с системой цитохрома Р450 и не подвергается значительному  метаболизму в организме человека, в связи с чем у препарата низкий потенциал межлекарственных взаимодействий.  Биластин выводится практически без изменений и потому не требует корректировки дозы при почечной и печеночной  недостаточности. Биластин продемонстрировал аналогичную с цетиризином и дезлоратадином эффективность у пациентов с сезонным аллергическим ринитом, а также аналогичную с цетиризином эффективность и безопасность в долгосрочном лечении пациентов с круглогодичным ринитом. Биластин хорошо переносится как в стандартных, так и в супратерапевтических дозах, обладает меньшим седативным потенциалом по сравнению с другими антигистаминными препаратами второго поколения и не обладает кардиотоксичностью. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic disease that have a substantially negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Pharmacotherapy is essential to the treatment of allergic rhinitis, including the use of antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, topical steroids, decongestants, cromones, anticholinergics and their various combinations. Antihistamines are commonly prescribed drugs to treat mild, moderate, and severe disease. The article discusses the mechanisms of action of first- and second-generation antihistamines and compares the potential side effects and drug interactions.First-generation antihistamines differ in their significant sedative and hypnotic effect, mainly due to their pronounced lipophilic properties and ability to transverse the blood–brain barrier and bind to H1-histamine receptors in the central nervous system. Due to low selectivity of the first-generation antihistamines, they may interact with other receptors and develop adverse side effects, including dry mouth, nasopharynx, more rarely pupillary dilation, increased intraocular  pressure, tachycardia, and urine retention. Bilastine is a highly selective second-generation antihistamine that has a  rapid onset and a prolonged action. This drug does not interact with the P450 cytochrome system or undergo significant metabolism in the human body, and therefore the drug has low potential for drug-drug interactions. Bilastine is excreted almost completely unchanged and therefore does not require dose adjustment in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Bilastine demonstrated similar efficacy in seasonal allergic rhinitis compared to cetirizine and desloratadine, as well as similar efficacy and safety in long-term treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis compared to cetirizine. Bilastine is well tolerated both at standard and at supratherapeutic doses, appears to have less sedative potential than other second-generation antihistamines, and has no cardiotoxicity. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>антигистаминные препараты второго поколения</kwd><kwd>антигистаминные препараты первого поколения</kwd><kwd>биластин</kwd><kwd>седативный эффект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>second-generation antihistamines</kwd><kwd>first-generation antihistamines</kwd><kwd>bilastine</kwd><kwd>sedation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астафьева Н.Г., Баранов А.А., Вишнева Е.А., Дайхес Н.А., Жестков А.В., Ильина Н.И. и др. Аллергический ринит. 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