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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-6-122-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5646</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности закрытия стойкой перфорации барабанной перепонки: от исторических аспектов до современных методов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic tympanic membrane perforation closure:  from historical aspects to modern methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7414-1293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистушкин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistushkin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свистушкин Валерий Михайлович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой болезней уха, горла и носа</p><p>119991,Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy M. Svistushkin, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), professor, Head of the Department of ENT Diseases</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svvm3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-7367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Zolotova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Teaching Assistant, Chair for Otorhinolaryngology</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zolotova.anna.vl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6537-0510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокоян</surname><given-names>Ж. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokoyan</surname><given-names>Zh. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna T. Mokoyan, Teaching Assistant, Chair for Otorhinolaryngology</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">god_zhan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-4599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонова</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonova</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артамонова Полина Сергеевна, старший лаборант кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа</p><p>119991,Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina S. Artamonova, Senior Assistant, Chair for Otorhinolaryngology</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polina_lokshina2901@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Свистушкин В.М., Золотова А.В., Мокоян Ж.Т., Артамонова П.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свистушкин В.М., Золотова А.В., Мокоян Ж.Т., Артамонова П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Svistushkin V.M., Zolotova A.V., Mokoyan Z.T., Artamonova P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5646">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5646</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждается применение различных трансплантатов для закрытия стойкой перфорации барабанной перепонки. Описаны виды и варианты хирургического лечения хронического среднего отита в историческом аспекте. Проведен краткий обзор литературы по сравнению эффективности разных аутотрансплантатов и способов устранения стойкого дефекта барабанной перепонки. Предложенные первоначально перемещенные кожные лоскуты и жировые аутографты быстро сменялись различными соединительнотканными свободными аутотрансплантатами. Указано о единичных исследованиях, в которых для тимпанопластики применяли широкую фасцию бедра, венозную стенку, периост. Однако использование этих тканей не нашло широкого распространения в отохирургии. Особое внимание уделено работам, посвященным сравнительному анализу использования фасциальных и хрящевых лоскутов. Указанные аутографты в настоящее время наиболее часто используются для мирингопластики. При этом использование каждого из этих материалов сопряжено с известными преимуществами и недостатками. С помощью прочных хрящевых трансплантатов существует возможность закрытия больших дефектов, однако лоскут будет обладать слабой податливостью и гибкостью. В свою очередь, перихондрий и фасция височной мышцы более податливы, что улучшает механические свойства неотимпанальной мембраны, но при этом повышает риск образования ретракционных карманов и реперфораций. Ввиду этого на современном этапе продолжается поиск альтернативного метода устранения стойкой перфорации барабанной перепонки. В зарубежной литературе активно разрабатывают и применяют методы регенеративной медицины. Тканеинженерный подход позволяет восстановить поврежденную ткань за счет пролиферации полипотентных клеток и активации их миграции. Барабанная перепонка имеет большой регенеративный потенциал, что позволяет исключать необходимость применения стволовых клеток извне, используя менее сложный метод тканевой инженерии «in situ». При этом использование факторов, которые стимулируют регенерацию в сочетании с временной опорой, является ключевым в восстановлении целостности барабанной перепонки. Авторами статьи описаны преимущества новейшего метода тканевой инженерии и перспективы его дальнейшего применения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the different grafts for chronic tympanic membrane perforation closure. The types of surgical treatment of chronic otitis media are described in a historical aspect. The initially proposed vascularized skin grafts were quickly replaced by a range of connective tissue autografts. Authors indicated a few studies in which fascia lata, venous wall, periosteum were used for myringoplasty. However, these tissues are not widely used in otosurgery. The special attention is given to the comparative studies on the outcomes of closure with fascial and cartilage grafts. The last ones are currently most commonly used for myringoplasty. Nonetheless, the use of each of these grafts is associated with indicated in the literature advantages and disadvantages. The cartilaginous grafts allow to close rather big perforations, but with lack of flexibility and pliability. On the other hand, flexible perichondrium and fascia improve the mechanical properties of neotympanic membrane yet increasing the risk of retraction and reperforation. Therefore, the search of alternative treatment for chronic tympanic membrane perforation is lasting at present. There are many studies on regenerative medicine in foreign literature. The tissue engineering approach allows to repair the damaged tissue due to proliferation of pluripotent cells and activation of their migration. The tympanic membrane regenerative potential eliminates the need for external stem cells and allows to use less complicated “in situ” tissue engineering technique. The key of this technique is the combination of the regeneration regulating factors with temporary supporting scaffolds. The authors also describe the advantages of the modern tissue engineering approach and prospects for its further application to clinical practice. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический средний отит</kwd><kwd>тимпанопластика</kwd><kwd>аутотрансплантат</kwd><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd><kwd>фактор роста фибробластов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic otitis media</kwd><kwd>tympanoplasty</kwd><kwd>autograft</kwd><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd><kwd>fibroblast growth factor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarkar S., Roychoudhury A., Roychaudhuri B.K. Tympanoplasty in children. 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