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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-10-9-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕОНАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEONATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние длинноцепочечных полиненасыщенных жирных кислот на развитие ребенка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on infant development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3741-8545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Оксана Николаевна, к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела гастроэнтерологии, Обособленное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева»</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana N. Komarova, Cand. of Sci. (Med), Senior Researcher of the Gastroenterology Department, Separate structural subdivision "Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics"</p><p>2, Taldomskaya St., Moscow, 125412</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komarovadoc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комарова О.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комарова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5703">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5703</self-uri><abstract><p>Длинноцепочечные полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты (ДЦ ПНЖК) ω-6 и ω-3 класса выполняют существенную структурную и функциональную роль в организме ребенка, поскольку входят в состав всех клеточных мембран. Встраиваясь в клеточные мембраны, ДЦ ПНЖК ω-3 класса способствуют увеличению их жидкостности, изменению функции рецепторов и мембраносвязанных ферментов, а следовательно, и улучшению взаимодействия клетки с окружающей средой. Это особенно важно для развития нейрональных связей в растущем головном мозге ребенка, которое интенсивно происходит в раннем возрасте. Исследованиями показано отсроченное влияние ДЦ ПНЖК (ω-6 и ω-3) на улучшение визуальных и когнитивных функций. Также они являются предшественником липидных медиаторов, баланс которых, создаваемый соотношением в диете, играет решающую роль в профилактике распространенных хронических заболеваний, в т. ч. ожирения. Недостаточное потребление ДЦ ПНЖК, а также снижение их синтеза из предшественников (α-линоленовой и линолевой кислот) в организме в результате изменения активности десатураз жирных кислот диктует необходимость их обязательного включения в рационы питания кормящих матерей, что является важным для детей на грудном вскармливании. Детям, получающим искусственное вскармливание, также необходима дотация ДЦ ПНЖК. С этой целью назначаются обогащенные, в частности арахидоновой и докозагексаеновой кислотами, смеси. Данная рекомендация важна также на этапе расширения питания за счет введения продуктов прикорма, поскольку именно в этот период рационы особенно дефицитны по содержанию ДЦ ПНЖК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The ω-6 and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) play a significant structural and functional role in the child’s body, as they form part of all cell membranes. ω-3 LC PUFAs are incorporated into cell membranes, increasing membrane fluidity, changing functions of receptors and membrane-bound enzymes, and, therefore, improving the interactions of the cells with their environment. This is particularly important for the development of connections between neurons in the growing child’s brain, which occurs intensively at an early age. Studies have shown the delayed effect of (ω-6 and ω-3) LC PUFA on the improvement of visual and cognitive functions. They are also the precursor of lipid mediators. The balance created by mediators ratio in the diet plays a decisive role in the prevention of common chronic diseases, including obesity. Insufficient consumption and decreased synthesis of LC PUFAs from precursors (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) in the body as a result of changed activity of fatty acid desaturas makes it necessary to include them in the food ration of nursing mothers, which is important for breastfeeding children. Formula-fed infants also need supplements with LC PUFAs. For this purpose, doctors prescribe formulas enriched with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids among other ingredients. This recommendation is also important at the stage of expanding nutrition by adding supplementary foods, as it is during this period that rations are especially deficient in the LC PUFAs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>длинноцепочечные полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>ω-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>докозагексаеновая кислота</kwd><kwd>детская смесь</kwd><kwd>когнитивное развитие</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids</kwd><kwd>ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids</kwd><kwd>docosahexaenoic acid</kwd><kwd>infant formula</kwd><kwd>c nitive development</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Innis S.M. Impact of maternal diet on human milk composition and neurological development of infants. 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