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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-11-45-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5752</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Миофасциальный болевой синдром: факторы риска, диагностика и локальная терапия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Myofascial pain syndrome: risk factors, diagnosis and local therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-3704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цурко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsurko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цурко Владимир Викторович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры общей врачебной практики института профессионального образования; профессор кафедры факультетской терапии лечебного факультета </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Tsurko, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chair for General Medical Practice, Institute of Professional Education; Professor, Chair for Intermediate Level Therapy, Faculty of General Medicine </p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvtsurko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самохина</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samokhina</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самохина Елена Олеговна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры общей врачебной практики института профессионального образования </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena O. Samokhina, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Chair for General Medical Practice, Institute of Professional Education</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenasamokhina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3216-9412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малышева Наталья Всеволодовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры факультетской терапии лечебного факультета </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Malysheva, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Chair for Intermediate Level Therapy, Faculty of General Medicine</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Malyshevan@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цурко В.В., Самохина Е.О., Малышева Н.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цурко В.В., Самохина Е.О., Малышева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsurko V.V., Samokhina E.O., Malysheva N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5752">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5752</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из главных причин обращения за медицинской помощью является миофасциальный синдром (МФС), проявляющийся локальным воспалением с элементами дегенеративных изменений в пораженной ткани, болью и мышечным спазмом за счет дисфункциональных нарушений в ноцицептивной системе, что приводит к снижению качества жизни. В настоящем обзоре подробно обсуждается этиопатогенез с учетом факторов, предрасполагающих к развитию МФС, которые подразделяются на анатомические, эргономические, медицинские и психосоциальные, а также приводятся диагностические критерии болевого МФС, включающие пять больших и три малых критерия, необходимых для постановки диагноза. Во второй части обзора рассмотрены показания, эффективность, безопасность и преимущества топических форм нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП), которые оказывают умеренное влияние на боль, но обладают гораздо лучшим профилем безопасности из-за снижения системной абсорбции. Применение топических препаратов позволяет создать эффективную концентрацию препарата непосредственно в очаге поражения и избежать нежелательного системного воздействия. Эксперты настоятельно рекомендуют назначать преимущественно топические, а не пероральные, НПВП пациентам в возрасте 65 лет и старше, имеющим сопутствующую сердечно-сосудистую и почечную патологию, а также заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта. Более подробно в обзоре рассматриваются топические формы диклофенака, которые отличаются максимальной степенью трансдермальной пенетрации по сравнению с другими НПВП и эффектом медленного высвобождения активного вещества в окружающие ткани.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main reasons for seeking medical help is myofascial syndrome (MFS), which is manifested by local inflammation with elements of degenerative changes in the affected tissue, pain and muscle spasm due to dysfunctional disorders in the nociceptive system and a decrease in the quality of life. This review discusses etiopathogenesis in detail, taking into account the factors predisposing to the development of MFS, which are divided into anatomical, ergonomic, medical and psychosocial, and also provides diagnostic criteria for pain MFS, including 5 large and 3 small criteria necessary for diagnosis. The second part of the review examines the indications, efficacy, safety, and benefits of topical forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have a moderate effect on pain, but have a much better safety profile due to reduced systemic absorption. The use of topical drugs allows you to create an effective concentration of the drug directly in the lesion and avoid undesirable systemic effects. Experts strongly recommend prescribing primarily topical, rather than oral, NSAIDs to patients aged 65 years and older who have concomitant cardiovascular and renal pathology, as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In more detail, the review examines topical forms of diclofenac, which differ in the maximum degree of transdermal penetration compared to other NSAIDs and the effect of slow release of the active substance into the surrounding tissues.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миофасциальный синдром</kwd><kwd>хроническая боль</kwd><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>локальная терапия</kwd><kwd>топические формы НПВП</kwd><kwd>диклофенак</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myofascial syndrome</kwd><kwd>chronic pain</kwd><kwd>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>local therapy</kwd><kwd>diclofenac</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kannus P. Structure of the tendon connective tissue. 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