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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-13-50-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5786</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСТРАГЕНИТАЛЬНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ И БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXTRAGENITAL DISEASES AND PREGNANCY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фетальное программирование - способ предупреждения заболеваний во взрослом возрасте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fetal programming is a way to prevent diseases in adulthood (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-8809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Юрий Алексеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии №2.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy A. Petrov - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No2.</p><p>29, Nakhichevan Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.doktorpetrov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-4649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купина</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupina</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Купина Анастасия Дмитриевна - клинический ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №2</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Kupina - Clinical Resident of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No2.</p><p>29, Nakhichevan Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasya1997@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>13</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров Ю.А., Купина А.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров Ю.А., Купина А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov Y.A., Kupina A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5786">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5786</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен литературный обзор отечественных и зарубежных источников, посвященных вопросам фетального программирования. Внутриутробное программирование представляет собой in utero-феномен, определяющий последующую восприимчивость организма к хроническим и острым заболеваниям, которая закладывается на клеточном и молекулярном уровнях. В настоящее время данное направление является перспективным и актуальным ввиду уменьшения показателей рождаемости во многих странах, появления большого количества маловесных детей и откладывания деторождения женщинами на более поздний возраст. В статье раскрыто влияние избытка и недостатка массы тела при рождении на частоту и структуру заболеваний в зрелом возрасте, а также ключевые звенья формирования инсулинорезистентности, сахарного диабета 2-го типа, ожирения, остеопороза, заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы, имеющих в основе различные нарушения внутриутробного развития. Причинами данных нарушений являются изменения синтеза фетальных и плацентарных гормонов, которые регулируют метаболизм (при дефиците массы тела - катаболическая направленность обмена веществ), перераспределяют кровоток и контролируют рост. Основными факторами, влияющими на программирование заболеваний у плода, являются: пищевой статус матери, функционирование фетоплацентарной системы, стресс, вредные привычки, состояние эндокринной и иммунной систем. Особое внимание уделено внутриутробному влиянию таких гормонов, как инсулин, кортизол, соматотропный гормон, и ренин-ангиотен-зин-альдостероновой системе. Приведены современные данные о роли незаменимых аминокислот, витаминов и микроэлементов в развитии заболеваний во взрослом возрасте. Показано негативное влияние как недостаточного, так и избыточного содержания витаминов на внутриутробное развитие плода, а также указаны оптимальные сроки коррекции их баланса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the literary review of domestic and foreign sources on fetal programming. Intrauterine programming is the in utero phenomenon that determines the subsequent susceptibility of the body to chronic and acute diseases, which is laid down at the cellular and molecular levels. Currently, this direction is promising and relevant due to the decrease in fertility rates in many countries, the emergence of a large number of low birth weight children and the postponement of childbearing by women to a later age. The article discloses the influence of excess and underweight at birth on the frequency and structure of diseases in adulthood, as well as the key links in the formation of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, osteoporosis, diseases of the cardiovascular system, which are based on various disorders of intrauterine development. The reasons for these disorders are changes in the synthesis of fetal and placental hormones, which regulate metabolism (with a deficit in body weight - the catabolic orientation of metabolism), redistribute blood flow and control growth. The main factors influencing the programming of diseases in the fetus are: nutritional status of the mother, the functioning of the feto-placental system, stress, bad habits, the state of the endocrine and immune systems. Particular attention is paid to the intrauterine effect of hormones such as insulin, cortisol, growth hormone and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The present-day data on the role of essential amino acids, vitamins and microelements in the development of diseases in adulthood are presented. The negative influence of both insufficient and excess vitamins on the intrauterine development of the fetus is shown, and the optimal terms for correcting their balance are indicated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>прегравидарная подготовка</kwd><kwd>фетальное программирование</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>pregravid preparation</kwd><kwd>fetal programming</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радзинский В.Е. Прегравидарная подготовка: клинический протокол. 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