<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-15-105-111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5833</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ КИШЕЧНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BOWEL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт применения метапребиотиков в лечении некоторых функциональных заболеваний кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experience of using metaprebiotics in the treatment of certain functional gastrointestinal disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минушкин</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minushkin</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минушкин Олег Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой гастроэнтерологии, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница №51 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1a, </p><p>121309, Москва, ул. Алябьева, д. 7/33 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Minushkin, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, head of the Department of Gastroenterology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education “Central State Medical Academy” of the Presidential administration of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the City of Moscow “City Clinical Hospital No. 51 of the Moscow City Health Department”</p><p>19, Bldg. 1a, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359, </p><p>7/33, Alyabiev St., Moscow, 121309</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omin3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масловский</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslovskiy</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масловский Леонид Витальевич, доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры гастроэнтерологии, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница №51 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1a, </p><p>121309, Москва, ул. Алябьева, д. 7/33 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid V. Maslovskiy, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Gastroenterology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education “Central State Medical Academy” of the Presidential administration of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the City of Moscow “City Clinical Hospital No. 51 of the Moscow City Health Department”</p><p>19, Bldg. 1a, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359, </p><p>7/33, Alyabiev St., Moscow, 121309</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lemas3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буланова Мария Игоревна, клинический ординатор кафедры гастроэнтерологии, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница №51 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1a, </p><p>121309, Москва, ул. Алябьева, д. 7/33 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya I. Bulanova, Clinical Resident of the Department of Gastroenterology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education “Central State Medical Academy” of the Presidential administration of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the City of Moscow “City Clinical Hospital No. 51 of the Moscow City Health Department”</p><p>19, Bldg. 1a, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359, </p><p>7/33, Alyabiev St., Moscow, 121309</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matilda19952008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордиенко</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordienko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордиенко Екатерина Сергеевна, клинический ординатор кафедры гастроэнтерологии, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации;  Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница №51 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1a, </p><p>121309, Москва, ул. Алябьева, д. 7/33 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Gordienko, Clinical Resident of the Department of Gastroenterology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education “Central State Medical Academy” of the Presidential administration of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the City of Moscow “City Clinical Hospital No. 51 of the Moscow City Health Department”</p><p>19, Bldg. 1a, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359, </p><p>7/33, Alyabiev St., Moscow, 121309</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katya5151@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топчий</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Topchiy</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Топчий Татьяна Борисовна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры гастроэнтерологии, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации;  Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница №51 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1a, </p><p>121309, Москва, ул. Алябьева, д. 7/33 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana B. Topchiy, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Gastroenterology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education “Central State Medical Academy” of the Presidential administration of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the City of Moscow “City Clinical Hospital No. 51 of the Moscow City Health Department”</p><p>19, Bldg. 1a, Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow, 121359, </p><p>7/33, Alyabiev St., Moscow, 121309</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tantop@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бейлина</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beylina</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бейлина Наталья Ильинична, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии, гериатрии и семейной медицины</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya I. Beylina, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy, Geriatrics and Family Medicine</p><p>36, Kazan, Butlerov St. 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliabeylina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации;&#13;
Городская клиническая больница №51</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential administration of the Russian Federation;&#13;
City Clinical Hospital No. 51</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>15</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минушкин О.Н., Масловский Л.В., Буланова М.И., Гордиенко Е.С., Топчий Т.Б., Бейлина Н.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минушкин О.Н., Масловский Л.В., Буланова М.И., Гордиенко Е.С., Топчий Т.Б., Бейлина Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minushkin O.N., Maslovskiy L.V., Bulanova M.I., Gordienko E.S., Topchiy T.B., Beylina N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5833">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5833</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Функциональные заболевания кишечника (ФЗК) занимают одно из ведущих мест среди патологии кишечника. В настоящее время научные данные свидетельствуют о недостаточной эффективности существующих методов лечения ФЗК и о необходимости проведения дальнейших испытаний. Настоящее исследование посвящено оценке влияния лечения препаратами СТИМ Лакс и СТИМ на клинические проявления у больных ФЗ и ФД.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценка эффективности биологически активных добавок (БАД) СТИМ и СТИМ Лакс у 39 больных с функциональными расстройствами кишечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи исследования</title><p>Задачи исследования. Оценка влияния препарата на клинические симптомы по данным индивидуального дневника и с помощью специализированных опросников с балльной оценкой симптомов до и после курса лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы исследования</title><p>Материалы исследования. В исследование принято 39 больных, разделенных на две группы. Из них 20 больных ФЗ (4 мужчины и 16 женщин; средний возраст – 40,3 ± 8,9 лет): проводилась монотерапия препаратом СТИМ Лакс (1 таблетка 3 раза в день в течение 30 дней) – и 19 больных ФД (10 мужчин и 9 женщин; средний возраст – 36,9 ± 14,1 лет): проводилась терапия препаратом СТИМ (2 таблетки 3 раза в день в течение 30 дней). До и после курса лечения проводили карболеновую пробу, клинически оценивали частоту и характер стула, выраженность метеоризма, урчания, переливания, боли в животе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Терапия ФЗ и ФД препаратами СТИМ и СТИМ Лакс эффективно уменьшает частоту и интенсивность клинических симптомов, нормализует время транзита по карболеновой пробе, частоту стула. Усиление метеоризма наблюдали у 7 (17,9%) больных, к его разрешению в течение 1–3 дней приводило уменьшение дозы препарата, не влияя на конечный результат.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Настоящее исследование свидетельствует о высокой эффективности и хорошей переносимости лечения препаратами СТИМ Лакс и СТИМ больных ФЗК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) occupy one of the leading positions among intestinal pathologies. At present, scientific data indicate the lack of efficiency of existing methods of FGID treatment and the need for further research. This study is devoted to the assessment of the impact of STIM Lax and STIM treatment on clinical manifestations in patients with FC and FD.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of the study</title><p>Aim of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of biologically active additives (BAA) STIM and STIM Laks in 39 patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Objectives of the study: to evaluate the effect of the drug on clinical symptoms according to an individual diary and using specialized questionnaires with a score of symptoms before and after treatment.</p><p>Materials of the research. 39 patients divided into two groups were admitted to the research. Of these, 20 patients were with FC (4 men and 16 women; mean age – 40.3 ± 8.9 years). Monotherapy with STIM Laks was conducted (1 tablet 3 times a day for 30 days), and 19 FD patients (10 men and 9 women; mean age – 36.9 ± 14.1 years). Before and after the course of treatment a carbolene sample was conducted, stool form and frequency, intensity of flatulence, purring, transfusion, abdominal pain were clinically evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Therapy of FС and FD with STIM and STIM Laks effectively reduces the frequency and intensity of clinical symptoms, normalizes the transit time of the carbolene sample, the frequency of stool. Increase of flatulence was observed in 7 (17.9%) patients, its resolution within 1–3 days led to a decrease in the dose of the drug, without affecting the end result.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. This study indicates a high efficacy and good tolerability of treatment with STIM Laks and STIM in patients with FGID.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная диарея</kwd><kwd>функциональный запор</kwd><kwd>СТИМ</kwd><kwd>СТИМ Лакс</kwd><kwd>синдром раздраженного кишечника</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional diarrhea</kwd><kwd>functional constipation</kwd><kwd>STIM</kwd><kwd>STIM Laks</kwd><kwd>irritable bowel syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacy B.E., Mearin F., Chang L., Chey W.D., Lembo A.J., Simren M., Spiller R. Bowel Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1393–1407. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacy B.E., Mearin F., Chang L., Chey W.D., Lembo A.J., Simren M., Spiller R. Bowel Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1393–1407. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porter C.K., Gormley R., Tribble D.R., Cash B.D., Riddle M.S. The Incidence and gastrointestinal infectious risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders in a healthy US adult population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:130–138. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter C.K., Gormley R., Tribble D.R., Cash B.D., Riddle M.S. The Incidence and gastrointestinal infectious risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders in a healthy US adult population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:130–138. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Y.F., Guo X.J., Zhang Z.S., Xiu-Qiang M., Rui W., Xiao-Yan Y., Jia H. Epidemiology of functional diarrhea and comparison with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a populationbased survey in China. PLoS One. 2012;7:e43749. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Y.F., Guo X.J., Zhang Z.S., Xiu-Qiang M., Rui W., Xiao-Yan Y., Jia H. Epidemiology of functional diarrhea and comparison with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a populationbased survey in China. PLoS One. 2012;7:e43749. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorouri M., Pourhoseingholi M.A., Vahedi M., Safaee A., Moghimi-Dehkordi B., Pourhoseingholi A. et al. Functional bowel disorders in Iranian population using Rome III criteria. Saud J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:154–160. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.65183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorouri M., Pourhoseingholi M.A., Vahedi M., Safaee A., Moghimi-Dehkordi B., Pourhoseingholi A. et al. Functional bowel disorders in Iranian population using Rome III criteria. Saud J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:154–160. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.65183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang F.-Y., Chen P.-H., Wu T.-C., Pan W.-H., Chang H.-Y., Wu S.-J. et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Taiwan: questionnaire-based survey for adults based on the Rome III criteria. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21:594–600. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23017318/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang F.-Y., Chen P.-H., Wu T.-C., Pan W.-H., Chang H.-Y., Wu S.-J. et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Taiwan: questionnaire-based survey for adults based on the Rome III criteria. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21:594–600. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23017318/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choung R.S., Locke G.R., Schleck C.D., Zinsmeister A.R., Talley N.J. Cumulative incidence of chronic constipation: a population-based study 1988_2003. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:1521–1588. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03540.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choung R.S., Locke G.R., Schleck C.D., Zinsmeister A.R., Talley N.J. Cumulative incidence of chronic constipation: a population-based study 1988_2003. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:1521–1588. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03540.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suares N.C., Ford A.C. Prevalence of, and risk factors for,chronic idiopathic constipation in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterology. 2011;106:1582–1591. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suares N.C., Ford A.C. Prevalence of, and risk factors for,chronic idiopathic constipation in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterology. 2011;106:1582–1591. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan A.O., Lam K.F., Hui W.M. Leung G., Wong N.Y. H., Shiu Kum Lam, Wong B.C.Y. Influence of positive family history on clinical characteristics of functional constipation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:197–200. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.10.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan A.O., Lam K.F., Hui W.M. Leung G., Wong N.Y. H., Shiu Kum Lam, Wong B.C.Y. Influence of positive family history on clinical characteristics of functional constipation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:197–200. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.10.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camilleri M., Vazquez-Roque M.I., Carlson P. Burton D., Wong B. S., Zinsmeister A.R. Association of bile acid receptor TGR5 variation and transit in health and lower functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23:995–999. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01772.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camilleri M., Vazquez-Roque M.I., Carlson P. Burton D., Wong B. S., Zinsmeister A.R. Association of bile acid receptor TGR5 variation and transit in health and lower functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23:995–999. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01772.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wald E.R., Di L.C., Cipriani L. Colborn D. K., Burgers R., Wald A. Bowel habits and toilet training in a diverse population of children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;48:294–298. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31817efbf7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wald E.R., Di L.C., Cipriani L. Colborn D. K., Burgers R., Wald A. Bowel habits and toilet training in a diverse population of children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;48:294–298. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31817efbf7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao S.S., Kuo B., McCallum R.W. Chey W.D., DiBaise J.K., Hasler W.L. et al. Investigation of colonic and whole-gut transit with wireless motility capsule and radiopaque markers in constipation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:537–544. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.01.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao S.S., Kuo B., McCallum R.W. Chey W.D., DiBaise J.K., Hasler W.L. et al. Investigation of colonic and whole-gut transit with wireless motility capsule and radiopaque markers in constipation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:537–544. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.01.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knowles C.H., Scott S.M., Wellmer A., Misra V.P., Pilot M.A., Williams N.S., Anand P. Sensory and autonomic neuropathy in patients with idiopathic slowtransit constipation. Br J Surg. 1999;86:54–60. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.00994.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knowles C.H., Scott S.M., Wellmer A., Misra V.P., Pilot M.A., Williams N.S., Anand P. Sensory and autonomic neuropathy in patients with idiopathic slowtransit constipation. Br J Surg. 1999;86:54–60. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.00994.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnamurthy S., Schuffler M.D., Rohrmann C.A., Pope C.E. Severe idiopathic constipation is associated with a distinctive abnormality of the colonic myenteric plexus. Gastroenterology. 1985;88:26–34. Available at: https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(85)80128-1/pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnamurthy S., Schuffler M.D., Rohrmann C.A., Pope C.E. Severe idiopathic constipation is associated with a distinctive abnormality of the colonic myenteric plexus. Gastroenterology. 1985;88:26–34. Available at: https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(85)80128-1/pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tzavella K., Riepl R.L., Klauser A.G., Voderholzer W.A., Schindlbeck N.E., Müller-Lissner S.A. Decreased substance P levels in rectal biopsies from patients with slow transit constipation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996;8:1207–1211. doi: 10.1097/00042737-199612000-00014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tzavella K., Riepl R.L., Klauser A.G., Voderholzer W.A., Schindlbeck N.E., Müller-Lissner S.A. Decreased substance P levels in rectal biopsies from patients with slow transit constipation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996;8:1207–1211. doi: 10.1097/00042737-199612000-00014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cortesini C., Cianchi F., Infantino A., Lise M. Nitric oxide synthase and VIP distribution in enteric nervous system in idiopathic chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 1995;40:2450–2455. doi: 10.1007/BF02063253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cortesini C., Cianchi F., Infantino A., Lise M. Nitric oxide synthase and VIP distribution in enteric nervous system in idiopathic chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 1995;40:2450–2455. doi: 10.1007/BF02063253.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Salhy M., Norrgard O., Spinnell S. Abnormal colonic endocrine cells in patients with chronic idiopathic slowtransit constipation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34:1007–1011. doi: 10.1080/003655299750025110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Salhy M., Norrgard O., Spinnell S. Abnormal colonic endocrine cells in patients with chronic idiopathic slowtransit constipation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34:1007–1011. doi: 10.1080/003655299750025110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tack J. Functional diarrhea. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012;41:629–637. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2012.06.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tack J. Functional diarrhea. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012;41:629–637. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2012.06.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bazzocchi G., Ellis J., Villanueva-Meyer J., Reddy S.N., Mena I., Snape W.J. Jr. Effect of eating on colonic motility and transit in patients with functional diarrhea. Simultaneous scintigraphic and manometric evaluations. Gastroenterology. 1991;101:1298–1306. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(91)90080-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazzocchi G., Ellis J., Villanueva-Meyer J., Reddy S.N., Mena I., Snape W.J. Jr. Effect of eating on colonic motility and transit in patients with functional diarrhea. Simultaneous scintigraphic and manometric evaluations. Gastroenterology. 1991;101:1298–1306. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(91)90080-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi M.G., Camilleri M., O’Brien M.D., Kammer P.P., Hanson R.B. A pilot study of motility and tone of the left colon in patients with diarrhea due to functional disorders and dysautonomia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:297–302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi M.G., Camilleri M., O’Brien M.D., Kammer P.P., Hanson R.B. A pilot study of motility and tone of the left colon in patients with diarrhea due to functional disorders and dysautonomia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:297–302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanini B., Ricci C., Bandera F., Caselani F., Magni A., Laronga A.M. et al. Incidence of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and functional intestinal disorders following a water-borne viral gastroenteritis outbreak. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:891–899. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanini B., Ricci C., Bandera F., Caselani F., Magni A., Laronga A.M. et al. Incidence of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and functional intestinal disorders following a water-borne viral gastroenteritis outbreak. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:891–899. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chmielewska A., Szajewska H. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials: probiotics for functional constipation. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:69–75. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i1.69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chmielewska A., Szajewska H. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials: probiotics for functional constipation. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:69–75. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i1.69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández-Bañares F., Rosinach M., Piqueras M., Ruiz-Cerulla A., Modolell I., Zabana Y. et al. Randomised clinical trial: colestyramine vs. hydroxypropylcellulose in patients with functional chronic watery diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:1132–1140. doi: 10.1111/apt.13193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández-Bañares F., Rosinach M., Piqueras M., Ruiz-Cerulla A., Modolell I., Zabana Y. et al. Randomised clinical trial: colestyramine vs. hydroxypropylcellulose in patients with functional chronic watery diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:1132–1140. doi: 10.1111/apt.13193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Efskind P.S., Bernklev T., Vatn M.H. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial with loperamide in irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996;31:463–468. doi: 10.3109/00365529609006766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efskind P.S., Bernklev T., Vatn M.H. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial with loperamide in irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996;31:463–468. doi: 10.3109/00365529609006766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guarner F., Sanders M.E., Eliakim R. Probiotics and prebiotics: World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. 2017. Available at: https://www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/global-guidelines/probioticsand-prebiotics/probiotics-and-prebiotics-english.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guarner F., Sanders M.E., Eliakim R. Probiotics and prebiotics: World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. 2017. Available at: https://www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/global-guidelines/probioticsand-prebiotics/probiotics-and-prebiotics-english.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyman M. Fermentation and bulking capacity of indigestible carbohydrates: the case of inulin and oligofructose. Br J Nutr. 2002;87(2):163–168. doi: 10.1079/BJNBJN/2002533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyman M. Fermentation and bulking capacity of indigestible carbohydrates: the case of inulin and oligofructose. Br J Nutr. 2002;87(2):163–168. doi: 10.1079/BJNBJN/2002533.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waitzberg D.L., Logullo L.C., Bittencourt A.F., Torrinhas R.S., Shiroma G.M., Paulino N.P. et al. Effect of synbiotic in constipated adult women – a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clinical response. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. 2013;32(1):27–33. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waitzberg D.L., Logullo L.C., Bittencourt A.F., Torrinhas R.S., Shiroma G.M., Paulino N.P. et al. Effect of synbiotic in constipated adult women – a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clinical response. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. 2013;32(1):27–33. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shenderov B.A. Metabiotics: novel idea or natural development of probiotic conception. Microbial Ecology in Health &amp; Disease. 2013;24:20399. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenderov B.A. Metabiotics: novel idea or natural development of probiotic conception. Microbial Ecology in Health &amp; Disease. 2013;24:20399. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agachan F., Chen T., Pfeifer J., Reissman P., Wexner S.D. A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:681–685. doi: 10.1007/BF02056950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agachan F., Chen T., Pfeifer J., Reissman P., Wexner S.D. A constipation scoring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:681–685. doi: 10.1007/BF02056950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frank L., Kleinman L., Farup C.E., Taylor L., Miner P. Jr. Psychometric validation of a constipation symptom assessment questionnaire. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34:870–877. doi: 10.1080/003655299750025327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frank L., Kleinman L., Farup C.E., Taylor L., Miner P. Jr. Psychometric validation of a constipation symptom assessment questionnaire. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34:870–877. doi: 10.1080/003655299750025327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
