<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-17-75-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5879</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>COVID-19</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ингаляционный сурфактант при высокопоточной кислородотерапии у больных COVID-19: результаты ретроспективного анализа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inhaled surfactant in patients with covid-19 who took high-flow oxygen: the results of a retrospective analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1031-6933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averyanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аверьянов Александр Вячеславович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Averyanov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief research officer, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific and Research Institute under Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia”</p><p>28, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.averyanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-967X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клыпа</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klypa</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клыпа Татьяна Валерьевна, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по анестезиологии – реанимации</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Klypa, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director on Intensive Care</p><p>28, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvklypa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балионис</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balionis</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балионис Ольга Игоревна, научный сотрудник, Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Balionis, Research officer, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Pulmonology Scientific and Research Institute under Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia”</p><p>28, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balionis.oi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-4867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычинин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychinin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бычинин Михаил Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Bychinin, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Intensive Care Unit</p><p>28, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drbychinin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-5504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняк</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniak</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черняк Александр Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Cherniak, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the fuctional and ultrasound laboratory</p><p>28, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">achi2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2411-6043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троицкий</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troitskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Троицкий Александр Витальевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, генеральный директор</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Troitskiy, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, General Director</p><p>28, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.troitskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трифонова Екатерина Валерьевна, научный сотрудник</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Trifonova, Researcher</p><p>28, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adonisvernalis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства;&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Clinical Center under Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia;&#13;
Pulmonology Scientific and Research Institute under Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Clinical Center under Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pulmonology Scientific and Research Institute under Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>17</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аверьянов А.В., Клыпа Т.В., Балионис О.И., Бычинин М.В., Черняк А.В., Троицкий А.В., Трифонова Е.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аверьянов А.В., Клыпа Т.В., Балионис О.И., Бычинин М.В., Черняк А.В., Троицкий А.В., Трифонова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Averyanov A.V., Klypa T.V., Balionis O.I., Bychinin M.V., Cherniak A.V., Troitskiy A.V., Trifonova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5879">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5879</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен сравнительный ретроспективный анализ клинических, лабораторных данных и исходов у 39 пациентов с COVID-19 тяжелого течения, осложнившегося острым респираторным дистресс-синдромом, находившихся на высокопоточной кислородотерапии, 19 из которых дополнительно назначался ингаляционный сурфактант БЛ в дозе 75 мг х 2 раза в сутки через небулайзер в течение 5 дней. В результате летальность в группе пациентов, получавших лечение сурфактантом, составила 10,5%, тогда как в группе стандартной терапии – 50%; частота перевода на ИВЛ – 21 и 70% соответственно. Поскольку больным, получавшим сурфактант, чаще, чем в контрольной группе, вводились гипериммунная плазма реконвалесцентов COVID-19 и моноклональные антитела к рецепторам интерлейкина-6, мы пересчитали результаты без учета этих пациентов. Тем не менее существенная разница в частоте ИВЛ (в группе сурфактанта в 2,5 раза реже) и летальности (в группе сурфактанта в 3,5 раза меньше) сохранялась. По длительности госпитализации и пребывания в отделении реанимации пациенты с лечением сурфактантом и без него достоверно не отличались. Ингаляционная терапия сурфактантом БЛ хорошо переносилась даже больными, имевшими хронические обструктивные заболевания легких. Ни в одном случае не пришлось останавливать терапию из-за побочных эффектов, наиболее частым из которых был кашель во время ингаляции. Данный ретроспективный анализ показывает, что назначение ингаляционного сурфактанта до перевода больных на искусственную вентиляцию легких может сдержать прогрессирование дыхательной недостаточности, предотвратить ИВЛ и улучшить выживаемость.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a comparative retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory data and outcomes in 39 patients with severe COVID-19 complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, who received high-flow oxygen therapy. Of which, 19 patients additionally received 75 mg of inhaled surfactant BL twice daily for 5 days using a nebulizer. As a result, mortality rate in the group of patients receiving surfactant was 10.5%, while in the standard therapy group — 50%; the number of patients transferred to the mechanical ventilation was 21% and 70%, respectively. As the patients receiving the surfactant were injected with COVID-19 hyperimmune convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-6 receptors more often than those from the control group, we recalculated the results regardless of these patients. However, a significant difference between the mechanical ventilation rate (2.5 times less often in the surfactant group) and mortality rate (3.5 times less in the surfactant group) was observed. The duration of hospitalization and stay at the intensive care unit was not significantly different between patients with and without surfactant treatment. Inhalation therapy with surfactant BL was well tolerated even by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In no case did therapy have to be stopped due to side effects, the most common of which was coughing during inhalation. This retrospective analysis shows that the prescription of an inhaled surfactant prior to transferring patients to mechanical ventilation can prevent the progression of respiratory failure, put down mechanical ventilation, and improve survival.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>острый респираторный дистресс-синдром</kwd><kwd>высокопоточная кислородотерапия</kwd><kwd>сурфактант</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory distress syndrome</kwd><kwd>high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy</kwd><kwd>surfactant</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев A.M., Яковлев А.А., Швечкова М.В., Сейлиев А.А., Волчков В.А., Розенберг О.А. Сурфактант-терапия пневмонии и ОРДС, ассоциированных с вирусом A/H1N1. Забайкальский медицинский вестник. 2011;(1):23–27. Режим доступа: https://biosurf.ru/upload/iblock/2dc/2dcd0e7ecb1b23fba665cff03461824a.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev A.M., Yakovlev A.A., Shvechkova M.V., Seyliev A.A., Volchkov V.A., Rozenberg O.A. Surfactant therapy for A/H1N1 virus-associated pneumonia and ARDS. Zabaykalskiy meditsinskiy vestnik = Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin. 2011;(1):23–27. (In Russ.) Available at: https://biosurf.ru/upload/iblock/2dc/2dcd0e7ecb1b23fba665cff03461824a.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng H., Sun Y., Lu J., Fu S., Meng Z., Scott M., Li Q. Exogenous surfactant may improve oxygenation but not mortality in adult patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of 9 clinical trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012;26(5):849–856. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.11.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng H., Sun Y., Lu J., Fu S., Meng Z., Scott M., Li Q. Exogenous surfactant may improve oxygenation but not mortality in adult patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of 9 clinical trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012;26(5):849–856. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.11.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розенберг О.А., Данилов Л.Н., Волчков В.А., Лебедева Е.С., Дубровская В.Ф., Валькович А.А. и др. Фармакологические свойства и терапевтическая активность отечественных препаратов легочного сурфактанта. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 1998;126(10):455– 458. Режим доступа: https://biosurf.ru/upload/iblock/549/549b47d36c944534286194a010a8a1ab.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozenberg O.A., Danilov L.N., Volchkov V.A., Lebedeva E.S., Dubrovskaya V.F., Valkovich A.A. et al. Pharmacological properties and therapeutic activity of domestic pulmonary surfactant drug products. Byulleten ehksperimentalnoy biologii i meditsiny = Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1998;126(10):455–458. (In Russ.) Available at: https://biosurf.ru/upload/iblock/549/549b47d36c944534286194a010a8a1ab.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pramod K., Kotta S., Jijith U.S., Aravind A., Abu Tahir M., Manju C.S., Gangadharappa H.V. Surfactant-based prophylaxis and therapy against COVID-19: A possibility. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:110081. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pramod K., Kotta S., Jijith U.S., Aravind A., Abu Tahir M., Manju C.S., Gangadharappa H.V. Surfactant-based prophylaxis and therapy against COVID-19: A possibility. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:110081. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirastschijski U., Dembinski R., Maedler K. Lung Surfactant for Pulmonary Barrier Restoration in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:254. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirastschijski U., Dembinski R., Maedler K. Lung Surfactant for Pulmonary Barrier Restoration in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:254. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roche provides an update on the phase III COVACTA trial of Actemra/ RoActemra in hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Available at: https://www.roche.com/investors/updates/invupdate-2020-07-29.htm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roche provides an update on the phase III COVACTA trial of Actemra/ RoActemra in hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Available at: https://www.roche.com/investors/updates/invupdate-2020-07-29.htm.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баклаушев В.П., Аверьянов А.В., Сотникова А.Г., Перкина А.С., Иванов А.В., Юсубалиева Г.М. и др. Предварительные итоги исследования безопасности и эффективности гипериммунной плазмы реконвалесцентов в терапии COVID-19. Клиническая практика. 2020;11(2):38–50. doi: 10.17816/clinpract35168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baklaushev V.P., Averyanov A.V., Sotnikova A.G., Perkina A.S., Ivanov A.V., Yusubalieva G.M. et al. Safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma for COVID19: the preliminary results of a clinical trial. Klinicheskaya praktika = Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020;11(2):38–50. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17816/clinpract35168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gattinoni L., Coppola S., Cressoni M., Busana M., Rossi S., Chiumello D. COVID-19 does not lead to a “typical” acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1299–1300. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0817LE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gattinoni L., Coppola S., Cressoni M., Busana M., Rossi S., Chiumello D. COVID-19 does not lead to a “typical” acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1299–1300. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0817LE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koumbourlis A.C., Motoyama E.K. Lung Mechanics in COVID-19 Resemble Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Not Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Could Surfactant Be a Treatment? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(4):624–626. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1471LE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koumbourlis A.C., Motoyama E.K. Lung Mechanics in COVID-19 Resemble Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Not Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Could Surfactant Be a Treatment? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(4):624–626. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1471LE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian S., Xiong Y., Liu H., Niu L., Guo J., Liao M., Xiao S.Y. Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies. Mod Pathol. 2020;33(6):1007–1014. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0536-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian S., Xiong Y., Liu H., Niu L., Guo J., Liao M., Xiao S.Y. Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies. Mod Pathol. 2020;33(6):1007–1014. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0536-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Забозлаев Ф.Г., Кравченко Э.В., Галлямова А.Р., Летуновский Н.Н. Патологическая анатомия легких при новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Предварительный анализ аутопсийных исследований. Клиническая практика. 2020;11(2):21–37. doi: 10.17816/clinpract34849.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabozlaev F.G., Kravchenko E.V., Gallyamova A.R., Letunovsky N.N. Pulmonary pathology of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The preliminary analysis of post-mortem findings. Klinicheskaya praktika = Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020;11(2):21–37. doi: 10.17816/clinpract34849.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takano Н. Pulmonary surfactant itself must be a strong defender against SARS-CoV-2. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:110020. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takano Н. Pulmonary surfactant itself must be a strong defender against SARS-CoV-2. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:110020. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukushi M., Yamashita M., Miyoshi-Akiyama T., Kubo S., Yamamoto K., Kudo K. Laninamivir Octanoate and Artificial Surfactant Combination Therapy Significantly Increases Survival of Mice Infected with Lethal Influenza H1N1 Virus. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e42419. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042419.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukushi M., Yamashita M., Miyoshi-Akiyama T., Kubo S., Yamamoto K., Kudo K. Laninamivir Octanoate and Artificial Surfactant Combination Therapy Significantly Increases Survival of Mice Infected with Lethal Influenza H1N1 Virus. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e42419. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042419.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Numata M., Mitchell J.R., Tipper J.L., Brand J.D., Trombley J.E., Nagashima Y. et al. Pulmonary surfactant lipids inhibit infections with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in several animal models. J Biol Chem. 2020;295(6):1704–1715. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.012053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Numata M., Mitchell J.R., Tipper J.L., Brand J.D., Trombley J.E., Nagashima Y. et al. Pulmonary surfactant lipids inhibit infections with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in several animal models. J Biol Chem. 2020;295(6):1704–1715. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.012053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leth-Larsen R., Zhong F., Chow V.T.K., Holmskov U., Lu J. The SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein is selectively recognized by lung surfactant protein D and activates macrophages. Immunobiology. 2007;212(3):201–211. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.12.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leth-Larsen R., Zhong F., Chow V.T.K., Holmskov U., Lu J. The SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein is selectively recognized by lung surfactant protein D and activates macrophages. Immunobiology. 2007;212(3):201–211. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.12.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamaguchi R., Sakamoto A., Yamamoto T., Ishimaru Y., Narahara S., Sugiuchi H., Yamaguchi Y. Surfactant Protein D Inhibits Interleukin-12p40 Production by Macrophages Through the SIRPα/ROCK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Am J Med Sci. 2017;353(6):559–567. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamaguchi R., Sakamoto A., Yamamoto T., Ishimaru Y., Narahara S., Sugiuchi H., Yamaguchi Y. Surfactant Protein D Inhibits Interleukin-12p40 Production by Macrophages Through the SIRPα/ROCK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Am J Med Sci. 2017;353(6):559–567. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
