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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-20-84-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5939</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОУРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная антиандрогенная терапия пациентов с кастрационно-резистентным раком предстательной железы без метастазов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern antiandrogenic therapy of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer without metastases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-4616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Сергей Витальевич, доктор медицинских наук, врач-уролог, профессор кафедры общей врачебной практики Медицинского института</p><p>117198, Россия, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Popov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), urologist, Professor of the Department of General Practice of the Medical Institute</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">servit77@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов С.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5939">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5939</self-uri><abstract><p>Распространенность рака предстательной железы продолжает повсеместно увеличиваться. Эффективность андроген-депривационной терапии распространенного рака предстательной железы имеет ограничение во времени, после чего формируется резистентность к кастрации и прогрессирование заболевания. У части пациентов с кастрационно-резистентным раком предстательной железы отсутствуют метастазы (по данным стандартных методов визуализации). Основной целью лечения этих пациентов является пролонгирование времени до формирования метастаза. В статье представлен обзор современных представлений о молекулярных механизмах, лежащих в основе ингибирования андроген-рецепторной сигнализации при применении энзалутамида – антагониста андрогенных рецепторов второго поколения, а также результатов клинических исследований его эффективности и безопасности при кастрационно-резистентном раке предстательной железы без метастазов. Определено, что энзалутамид стимулирует экспрессию нового класса генов, которые не регулируются дигидротестостероном. Установлено, что, помимо ингибирования андрогенных рецепторов, энзалутамид может выступать в роли частичного транскрипционного агониста. Показано, что терапия энзалутамида обуславливает снижение риска прогрессирования опухолевого процесса и смерти у пациентов с неметастатическим кастрационно-резистентным раком предстательной железы и хорошо переносится. Лечение этим препаратом увеличивает время до появления метастазов, до необходимости первого применения последующей противоопухолевой терапии и период до прогрессирования уровня простатического специфического антигена. Исследование механизмов, индуцируемых энзалутамидом, – ингибирования роста клеток рака предстательной железы и активации генов, способствующих развитию рака с помощью энзалутамид-связанного андрогенного рецептора, может способствовать уточнению возможных путей формирования резистентности к этому препарату и возможностей ее преодоления при комбинированной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The prevalence of prostate cancer continues to increase worldwide. The effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer has a time limit, after which castration resistance and disease progression are formed. A part of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer has no metastases (according to standard imaging methods). The main goal of treatment of these patients is to prolong the time before metastasis formation. This article presents a review of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of androgen-receptor signaling with enzalutamide, a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist, and the results of clinical studies of its efficacy and safety in castrate-resistant prostate cancer without metastases. It was determined that enzalutamide stimulates the expression of a new class of genes that are not regulated by dihydrotestosterone. It was found that, in addition to inhibiting androgen receptors, enzalutamide can act as a partial transcriptional agonist. Enzalutamide therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of tumor progression and death in patients with non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer and is well tolerated. Treatment with this drug increases the time before metastases appear, before the first use of subsequent anti-tumor therapy is necessary, and the period before prostate-specific antigen levels have progressed. Study of mechanisms induced by enzalutamide – inhibition of prostate cancer cells growth and activation of genes contributing to cancer development by enzalutamide-related androgen receptor – can help to clarify possible ways of resistance formation to this drug and possibilities of its overcoming with combined therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>кастрационная резистентность</kwd><kwd>метастазы</kwd><kwd>андрогенный рецептор</kwd><kwd>энзалутамид</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>castration resistance</kwd><kwd>metastases</kwd><kwd>androgen receptor</kwd><kwd>enzalutamide</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев Б.Я., Нюшко К.М., Крашенинников А.А., Сафронова Е.Ю., Сергиенко С.А., Калпинский А.С. и др. 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