medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2020-21-96-102medsovet-5971Research ArticleПульмонология, лорBronchopulmonology, otorhinolaryngologyАктуальные вопросы диагностики, обследования и лечения больных с COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонией в различных странах и континентахTopical issues of diagnostics, examination and treatment of patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia in different countries and continentshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-0941СалуховВ. В.SalukhovV. V.

д.м.н., начальник 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей), 

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head at the 1st Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Training,

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

vlasaluk@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6521-7986ХаритоновМ. А.KharitonovM. A.

д.м.н., профессор 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей), 

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor at the 1st Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Training,

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

micjul11@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-1936КрюковЕ. В.KryukovE. V.

чл.-корр. РАН, д.м.н., профессор, начальник, 

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Corresponding Member RAS, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief,

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

evgeniy.md@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-2575СтепановаТ. В.StepanovaT. V.

курсант 6-го курса факультета подготовки врачей (для Сухопутных, Ракетных и Воздушно-десантных войск), 

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Cadet of the medical training (for Land, Missile, and Airborne Forces), 

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

stepanovatatyana1998@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-3742НиколаевА. В.NikolaevA. V.

к.м.н., старший преподаватель 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей),

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Lecturer at the 1st Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Training,

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

nikolaevpulmdoc@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-6173РудаковЮ. В.RudakovYu. V.

к.м.н., преподаватель 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей), 

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Lecturer at the 1st Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Training,

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

rudakov_yura@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-1097БогомоловА. Б.BogomolovA. B.

к.м.н., преподаватель 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей),

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Lecturer at the 1st Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Training, 

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

bg-ab@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-6133ЧугуновА. А.ChugunovA. A.

адъюнкт при 1-й кафедре (терапии усовершенствования врачей), 

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6

Adjunct at the 1st Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Training,

6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044

alexandrchugun@yandex.ruВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. КироваРоссияKirov Military Medical AcademyRussian Federation20201401202102196102Copyright © Салухов В.В., Харитонов М.А., Крюков Е.В., Степанова Т.В., Николаев А.В., Рудаков Ю.В., Богомолов А.Б., Чугунов А.А., 20212021Салухов В.В., Харитонов М.А., Крюков Е.В., Степанова Т.В., Николаев А.В., Рудаков Ю.В., Богомолов А.Б., Чугунов А.А.Salukhov V.V., Kharitonov M.A., Kryukov E.V., Stepanova T.V., Nikolaev A.V., Rudakov Y.V., Bogomolov A.B., Chugunov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5971

Отсутствие эффективных этиотропных методов лечения и профилактики новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), ставшей причиной пандемии в 2020 г., определяет актуальность обзора исследований препаратов этиотропной и патогенетической терапии. У большинства пациентов диагностируется пневмония, особенно тяжело протекает заболевание у лиц с сопутствующими хроническими заболеваниями, т. к. COVID-19 приводит к их декомпенсации, что может закончиться летальным исходом. Для оценки факторов риска смертности учеными разрабатываются программы, чтобы своевременно перевести пациента на соответствующее лечение. В настоящей статье проанализирована клиническая эффективность применения различных средств этиотропного и патогенетического лечения новой коронавирусной инфекции на основе данных международных исследований. Этиотропные препараты, использовавшиеся в начале пандемии, не показали своей эффективности в отношении уменьшения сроков лечения, развития летального исхода, а также предупреждения перехода на использование механической вентиляции легких. Описаны исследования вакцин от новой коронавирусной инфекции, разработанные в Российской Федерации, США, Германии и Великобритании, которые показали наибольшую эффективность (более 90%) в предотвращении COVID-19. Всемирная организация здравоохранения инициировала международное клиническое исследование SOLIDARITY, согласно результатам которого все препараты, участвовавшие в испытаниях, незначительно влияют или вообще не влияют на общую смертность, наступление потребности в вентиляции легких и на сроки пребывания в больнице госпитализированных пациентов. На данный момент эффективность в отношении тяжелой и критической формы COVID-19 доказали только системные глюкокортикостероиды. Таким образом, эффективных этиотропных препаратов для лечения COVID-19 не разработано, однако ведутся активные поиски данных средств и разработка вакцин для профилактики заболеваемости коронавирусной инфекцией.

The lack of effective etiotropic methods of treatment and prevention of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which caused the pandemic in 2020, determines the relevance of the review of researches of medicines for etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. Most patients are diagnosed with pneumonia, the disease is especially difficult in people with concomitant chronic diseases, since COVID-19 leads to their decompensation, which can lead to death. To assess risk factors for mortality, scientists are developing programs to transfer the patient to appropriate treatment in a timely manner. This article analyzes the clinical efficacy of various agents for etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of a new coronavirus infection based on data from international researches. Etiotropic medicines used at the beginning of the pandemic did not show their effectiveness in reducing the duration of treatment, the development of death, and preventing the transition to the use of mechanical ventilation. There are described researches of vaccines against a new coronavirus infection, developed in the Russian Federation, the USA, Germany and the UK, which showed the greatest efficiency (more than 90%) in preventing COVID-19. The World Health Organization initiated the international clinical research SOLIDARITY, according to which all medicines participating in the trials have little or no effect on overall mortality, the onset of ventilation requirements and the length of hospital stay in hospitalized patients. Now, only systemic glucocorticosteroids have proven effective against severe and critical forms of COVID-19. Thus, effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 have not been developing, however, an active search for these funds and the development of vaccines to prevent the incidence of coronavirus infection are underway.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.