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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-21-178-184</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5982</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>UROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска развития микозов мочевыводящих путей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors of the fungal urinary tract infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-8410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стуров</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sturov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой общей врачебной практики Медицинского института,</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of General Practice of the Medical Institute, </p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sturov-nv@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-4616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры общей врачебной практики Медицинского института, врач-уролог,</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of General Practice of the Medical Institute, </p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">servit77@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-7156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмельков</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmelkov</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-уролог, соискатель кафедры общей врачебной практики Медицинского института,</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>urologist, applicant of the Department of General Practice of the Medical Institute, </p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorshmelkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>21</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стуров Н.В., Попов С.В., Шмельков И.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стуров Н.В., Попов С.В., Шмельков И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sturov N.V., Popov S.V., Shmelkov I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5982">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5982</self-uri><abstract><p>Среди возбудителей инфекций возрастает роль грибковых возбудителей. У госпитализированных пациентов, в особенности у больных отделений интенсивной терапии, грибковые инфекции могут представлять серьезную опасность. Исследования, проведенные за последние годы, демонстрируют увеличение частоты выявления грибов в моче с 5,01 до 10,63% у пациентов стационаров. Наиболее часто появление грибов в моче связано с контаминацией или колонизацией мочевых путей, однако у иммунокомпрометированных больных может быть связано с инфекцией и даже с диссеминированным грибковым процессом. Грибы рода Candida чаще других возбудителей являются причиной микотической инфекции мочевых путей. При этом наличие грибов рода Candida в моче (кандидурии) не всегда сопровождается клиническими проявлениями уретрита, цистита и пиелонефрита. Растет частота выявления в моче грибов, отличных от Candida albicans, а также выявляются новые виды Candida, устойчивые к противогрибковым препаратам, с высоким риском осложнений. Результаты недавних исследований выявили новые механизмы взаимодействия Candida с бактериями – возбудителями мочевой инфекции. Определены основные механизмы вирулентности Candida: диморфность, белки адгезии – Als1-7,9 и Gls, ферменты инвазии  – фосфолипаза, Als3 и Ssa1, а также ферменты, нейтрализующие активные формы кислорода. Наиболее значимыми факторами риска развития грибковой инфекции мочевыводящих путей являются: наличие мочевого катетера, сахарный диабет, иммуносупрессия и предшествующая антибактериальная терапия. Изучение процесса формирования клеточного и иммунного ответа на грибы рода Candida позволило выявить основные звенья патогенеза кандидоза мочевыводящих путей, а также основную роль иммуносупрессии в развитии заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The role of fungi as causative agents of infections is growing. In in-patients, especially at intensive care units, fungal infections might cause serious problems. Studies conducted over recent years shows an increase of fungi detection in urine in in-patients from 5,01 up to 10,63%. Most often, the appearance of fungi in the urine connected with contamination or colonization of the urinary tract. However, in immunocompromised patients, this could be the part of urinary tract infection and even of disseminated fungal process. Candida is the most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections. At the same time, the presence of Candida in urine (candiduria) not always comes with clinical signs of urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Detection of noCandida albicans agents in urine is increasing, new Candida species revealed are resistant to antifungal drugs so risk of complications is increasing. Recent researches reveal new mechanisms of how Candida interacts with the bacteria that cause urinary infections. The main mechanisms of Candida virulence factors are dimorphism, adhesion proteins — Als1-7,9 and Gls, invasion enzymes — phospholipase, Als3 and Ssa1, as well as enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species. The most significant risk factors of fungal urinary tract infection are the presence of a urinary catheter, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and previous antibiotic intake. The study of the formation process of the cellular and immune response to Candida makes it possible to identify the main links in the pathogenesis of urinary tract candidiasis, as well as the main role of immunosuppression in the development of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грибы</kwd><kwd>Candida</kwd><kwd>инфекция</kwd><kwd>мочевые пути</kwd><kwd>кандидоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fungi</kwd><kwd>Candida</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>urinary tract</kwd><kwd>candidiasis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суколин Г.И., Крипицер О.А. История и эпидемиология основных видов гриба рода Candida. В: Сергеев Ю.В. (ред.). Успехи медицинской микологии: материалы Четвертого Всероссийского конгресса по медицинской микологии. М.; 2006. Т. VII, c. 19–21. 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