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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2020-21-256-266</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-5991</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Практика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Practice</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тромботические заболевания и состояния – диагностика и контроль антикоагулянтной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thrombotic diseases and conditions – diagnosis and monitoring of anticoagulant therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7098-4602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелкумян</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melkumyan</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., менеджер отдела маркетинга научно-производственного отдела «Ренам», </p><p>125167, Москва, Нарышкинская аллея, д. 5, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Manager of the Marketing Department of the “Renam” Science and Production Department, </p><p>5, Bldg. 2, Naryshkinskaya Alley, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna@renam.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8213-1810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берковский</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berkovskiy</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., директор научно-производственного отдела «Ренам»,</p><p>125167, Москва, Нарышкинская аллея, д. 5, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Bio.), Director of Scientific and Production Department, “Renam”,</p><p>5, Bldg. 2, Naryshkinskaya Alley, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-3615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, врач-гематолог Консультативного гематологического отделения с дневным стационаром по проведению высокодозной химиотерапии, </p><p>126167, Москва, Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Researcher, Hematologist of the Consultative Haematology Department with a day hospital for high-dose chemotherapy, </p><p>4, Novy Zykovsky Proezd, Moscow, 126167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель отдела производства научно-производственного отдела «Ренам», </p><p>125167, Москва, Нарышкинская аллея, д. 5, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Production Department of the “Renam” Research and Production Department, </p><p>5, Bldg. 2, Naryshkinskaya Alley, Moscow, 125167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество больных гемофилией</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hemophilia Society</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Hematology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>21</issue><fpage>256</fpage><lpage>266</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мелкумян А.Л., Берковский А.Л., Васильев С.А., Сергеева Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелкумян А.Л., Берковский А.Л., Васильев С.А., Сергеева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melkumyan A.L., Berkovskiy A.L., Vasiliev S.A., Sergeeva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5991">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/5991</self-uri><abstract><p>Лабораторные методы являются очень важной частью обследования пациентов с тромботическими заболеваниями, часто ставящими последнюю точку в определении диагноза, а в некоторых случаях даже определяющими этот диагноз. Представленный обзор тромботических заболеваний и состояний, а также лабораторных методов их диагностики позволяет дифференцировать данные состояния на лабораторном этапе обследования и подобрать правильную специфическую терапию, в первую очередь антитромботическую.</p><p>В данном обзоре отражены основные нозологические формы, причины развития тромботических заболеваний и состояний, а также методы их диагностики с использованием реагентов и тест-систем ведущего отечественного производителя реагентов для диагностики системы гемостаза НПО «Ренам» МБООИ «Общество больных гемофилией». Рассмотрены механизмы развития таких состояний и заболеваний, как тромбоз глубоких вен (ТГВ) и тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА), гиперкоагуляционный синдром (ГКС), синдром диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания крови (ДВС-синдром), наследственные и приобретенные тромбофилии (дефицит антитромбинома III, протеинов С и S, резистентность фактора Vа к активированному протеину С и др.), антифосфолипидный синдром (АФС), а также осложнения антикоагулянтной терапии (гепарининдуцированная тромбоцитопения (ГИТ), кумариновые некрозы и пр.). Представлены лабораторные критерии тромботических состояний. Дан обзор наиболее широко используемых антикоагулянтных препаратов и методы их контроля – это антагонисты витамина К (оральные антикоагулянты, ОАК), нефракционированный гепарин (НФГ), низкомолекулярные гепарины (НФГ), фондапаринукс, прямые или новые оральные антикоагулянты (НОАК или ПОАК). Представлены лабораторные критерии тромботических состояний. Подробно описаны методы определения Д-димера в крови, а также методы измерения антиХа- и антиIIa-активности гепарина.</p><p>Данная совместная работа ведущих сотрудников научно-производственного отдела «Ренам» МБООИ «Общество больных гемофилией» и ФГБУ НМИЦ гематологии МЗ РФ отражает необходимость научно-практического взаимодействия клиницистов, врачей-лаборантов и производителей реагентов и тест-систем для выработки наиболее чувствительных, специфических, точных и удобных методов диагностики заболеваний и контроля терапии. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory methods are a very important part of the examination of patients with thrombotic diseases, often putting the final touches on the diagnosis, and in some cases even defining this diagnosis. The present review of thrombotic diseases and conditions, as well as the laboratory methods for their diagnosis, enables the differentiation of these conditions in the laboratory phase of the examination and the selection of the correct specific therapy, especially antithrombotic therapy.</p><p>This review reflects the main nosological forms, causes of thrombotic diseases and conditions, as well as methods of their diagnosis using reagents and test systems of the leading domestic manufacturer of reagents for diagnostics of the hemostatic system SPD “Renam” ICPOD “Hemophilia Society”. The mechanisms of conditions and diseases such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE), hypercoagulability syndrome (HCS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hereditary and acquired thrombophilia (deficiency of antithrombin III, proteins C and S, factor Va resistance to activated protein C, etc.) and complications of anticoagulant therapy (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HITC), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), complications of anticoagulant therapy (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), coumarin-induced necrosis, etc.) are reviewed. Laboratory criteria for thrombotic conditions are presented. The most commonly used anticoagulant drugs and their control methods are reviewed, including vitamin K antagonists (oral anticoagulants, OAC), unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), fondaparinux, direct or new oral anticoagulants (DOACs or NOACs). Laboratory criteria for thrombotic conditions are presented. Methods for determining blood D-dimer are described in detail, as well as methods for measuring anti-Xa and anti-IIa heparin activity.</p><p>This joint work of the leading employees of the Research and Production Department «Renam» of ICPOD «Hemophilia Society» and FSBI NMRC of Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation reflects the need for scientific and practical cooperation of practitioners, laboratory doctors and manufacturers of reagents and test systems to develop the most sensitive, specific, accurate and convenient methods of disease diagnostics and control of therapy. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромботические нарушения</kwd><kwd>тромботические состояния</kwd><kwd>тромбоз</kwd><kwd>ТГВ</kwd><kwd>ТЭЛА</kwd><kwd>гиперкоагуляционный синдром</kwd><kwd>ДВС-синдром</kwd><kwd>Д-димер</kwd><kwd>тромбофилия</kwd><kwd>тромботические заболевания</kwd><kwd>АФС-диагностика</kwd><kwd>контроль</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянтная терапия</kwd><kwd>гепарины</kwd><kwd>НОАК-осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thrombotic diseases</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>control</kwd><kwd>anticoagulant therapy</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gremmel T., Ay C., Seidinger D., Pabinger I., Panzer S., Koppensteiner R. 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