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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-2-45-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6012</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОГНИТИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>СOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и лечение сосудистых когнитивных расстройств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairments</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-3245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришина Динара Александровна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara A. Grishina, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery of the Medical Faculty</p><p>11, Bldg. 1, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dstepkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-6244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локшина</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lokshina</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Локшина Анастасия Борисовна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры нервных болезней и нейрохирургии Института клинической медицины</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia B. Lokshina, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery of the Medical Faculty</p><p>11, Bldg. 1, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aloksh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гришина Д.А., Локшина А.Б., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришина Д.А., Локшина А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishina D.A., Lokshina A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6012">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6012</self-uri><abstract><p>Сосудистые заболевания головного мозга являются одной из ведущих причин смертности и инвалидизации в развитых странах. Наряду с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения большое медико-социальное значение имеют и хронические цереброваскулярные нарушения, одним из основных клинических проявлений которых являются сосудистые когнитивные расстройства. В статье рассмотрены патогенетические и клинические варианты сосудистых когнитивных расстройств, приведены их современная классификация и подходы к диагностике. Важность максимально ранней диагностики сосудистых когнитивных расстройств обусловлена тем, что они могут быть одним из первых проявлений сосудистой мозговой недостаточности до развития клинически явных инсультов или сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в целом. Ранняя диагностика сосудистых когнитивных расстройств необходима для профилактики как сосудистой и нейродегенеративной деменции, так и инсультов и других острых сосудистых эпизодов. Представлен клинический пример безынсультного формирования умеренных сосудистых когнитивных расстройств. Описаны типичные для хронической сосудистой мозговой недостаточности особенности когнитивных расстройств, такие как замедление темпа психической деятельности и нарушения лобных управляющих функций в сочетании с поведенческими и эмоциональными расстройствами. Обсуждаются вопросы лечения сосудистых когнитивных расстройств, которое должно быть комплексным и включать коррекцию базисного сосудистого заболевания, немедикаментозные (регулярная физическая активность, отказ от курения, когнитивный тренинг) и медикаментозные методы лечения, направленные на улучшение когнитивных функций. Показаны возможности современной нейропротективной и симптоматической терапии когнитивных расстройств, место EGb 761® в лечении сосудистых когнитивных расстройств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vascular brain diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability in developed countries. Along with acute disorders of cerebral circulation, chronic cerebrovascular disorders are of great medical and social importance, one of the main clinical manifestations is vascular cognitive impairments. The article discusses the pathogenetic and clinical variants of vascular cognitive impairments, presents their modern classification and approaches to diagnosis. The importance of the earliest possible diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairments is due to the fact that they can be one of the first manifestations of cerebrovascular insufficiency, before the development of clinically obvious strokes or cardiovascular diseases in general. Early diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairments is necessary both for the prevention of vascular and neurodegenerative dementia and for the prevention of strokes and other acute vascular episodes. A clinical example of non-stroke formation of mild vascular cognitive impairment is presented. Signs of cognitive impairments typical of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, such as a slowdown in the rate of mental activity and disorders of frontal executive functions in combination with behavioral and emotional disorders, are described. The article discusses the issues of treatment of vascular cognitive impairments, which should be comprehensive and include the correction of the underlying vascular disease, non-drug (regular physical activity, smoking cessation, cognitive training) and drug treatment methods aimed at improving cognitive functions. Possibilities of modern neuroprotective and symptomatic therapy of cognitive disorders, the place of EGb 761® in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairments are shown.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>умеренные сосудистые когнитивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>хроническая ишемия мозга</kwd><kwd>сосудистая деменция</kwd><kwd>экстракт гинкго билоба (EGb 761®)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vascular cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>mild vascular cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb 761®)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов В.А. Дисциркуляторная энцефалопатия и сосудистые когнитивные расстройства. М.: ИМА-ПРЕСС; 2017. 128 с. 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