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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-1-20-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕОНАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEONATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риски формирования неврологической патологии у глубоконедоношенных детей: обзор литературы и клинические случаи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The risk of forming neurological disease in extremely  premature infants: a review of literature and clinical cases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милованова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milovanova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милованова Ольга Андреевна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры неврологии детского возраста,</p><p>125993,  Москва, ул. Барри-кадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Milovanova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Pediatric Neurology</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga_a_milovanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирханова</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirkhanova</surname><given-names>Dzhenneta Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амирханова Дженнета Юнусовна, врач-невролог консультативно-педиатрического отделения отдела педиатрии Института неонатологии и педиатрии</p><p>117997,  Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzhenneta Y. Amirkhanova, Neurologist of the Pediatric Advisory Department of the Department of Pediatrics of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics of the National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics</p><p>4, Academician Oparin St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">djenn83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-5090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>Alyona K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Алена Константиновна, к.м.н., заведующая центром восстановительного лечения детей до 3 лет, родившихся с ОНМТ и ЭНМТ</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28dr_mironova1985@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alyona K. Mironova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Center for Rehabilitation Treatment of Children under 3 years old</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_mironova1985@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джуккаева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhukkayeva</surname><given-names>Maryam M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джуккаева Марьям Мусаевна, врач-неонатолог отделения патологии новорожденных детей №2 Института неонатологии и педиатрии</p><p>125993,  Москва, ул. Барри-кадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maryam M. Dzhukkayeva, Neonatologist of the Department of Pathology of Newborn Children No. 2 of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mariam.dj2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссарова Ольга Андреевна, магистр 1-го курса, кафедра социально-дифференциальной психологии</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Komissarova, Master of Arts, 1st year, Department of Social and Differential Psychology</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авакян</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avakyan</surname><given-names>Georgii G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авакян Георгий Гагикович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики </p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgii G. Avakyan, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад.  В.И.  Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Милованова О.А., Амирханова Д.Ю., Миронова А.К., Джуккаева М.М., Комиссарова О.А., Авакян Г.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Милованова О.А., Амирханова Д.Ю., Миронова А.К., Джуккаева М.М., Комиссарова О.А., Авакян Г.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Milovanova O.A., Amirkhanova D.Y., Mironova A.K., Dzhukkayeva M.M., Komissarova O.A., Avakyan G.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6023">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6023</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Недоношенные дети являются группой риска по формированию поражений центральной нервной системы, в связи с чем повышение выживаемости детей с очень низкой массой тела при рождении и экстремально низкой массой тела при рождении привело к увеличению распространенности неврологического дефицита у глубоконедоношенных детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обобщение данных литературы и демонстрация редких клинических наблюдений глубоконедоношенных детей, ассоциированных с неблагоприятным неврологическим исходом в результате воздействия различных перинатальных факторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для литературного обзора использовались данные полнотекстовых научных исследований из международных научных баз данных (МНБД). У двух обследованных сибсов мужского пола, рожденных на сроке 27 нед. гестации с весом 980 и 970 г, длиной тела 34 и 33 см, оценкой по шкале Апгар 5/7 и 6/7 баллов соответственно, изучено влияние анте-, интра- и постнатальных факторов риска на неврологический исход заболевания. Проведен анализ анамнестических данных и результатов клинического и лабораторно-инструментального обследования; катамнестическое наблюдение составило 24 скорректированных месяца жизни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В представленных наблюдениях выявлено сочетание различных анте-, интра- и постнатальных факторов риска, приводящих к поражению ЦНС у глубоконедоношенных детей. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что недоношенность и экстремально низкая масса тела при рождении сами по себе не являются единственными факторами риска формирования неврологических нарушений, однако отягощенный неонатальный период (врожденный сепсис, бронхолегочная дисплазия, ателектаз легкого, неонатальные судороги, верифицированное по данным НСГ/МРТ головного мозга внутрижелудочковое кровоизлияние 2-й степени с двух сторон) способствовал формированию неврологической патологии у второго обследованного сибса. Полученные результаты можно считать предварительными, необходимо более масштабное исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что недоношенность, экстремально низкая масса тела при рождении и низкая оценка по шкале Апгар не являются единственными факторами риска формирования неврологических нарушений. Для развития тяжелого перинатального поражения ЦНС, формирования неблагоприятных неврологических исходов и тяжелой задержки моторного и психоречевого развития у глубоконедоношенных детей необходимо сочетание нескольких значимых анте-, интра- и постнатальных факторов риска. Прогноз неврологического исхода у глубоко-недоношенного ребенка требует длительного динамического наблюдения и комплексного подхода с использованием клинико-инструментальных методов диагностики. Полученные результаты можно считать предварительными, требующими проведения дополнительных, более масштабных исследований.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Premature infants are at risk of developing central nervous system malformations; therefore, increased survival rates among infants with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight have contributed to the rise in prevalence of neurologic deficit in extremely premature infants.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To summarize the literature data and demonstrate rare family clinical observations of preterm infants associated with adverse neurological outcomes as a result of exposure to various perinatal factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. For the literature review, we used data from full-text scientific research from international scientific databases. The influence of ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors on the neurological outcome of the disease was studied in two male sibs born at 27 weeks of gestation with a weight of 980 and 970 grams, a body length of 34 and 33 cm, and an Apgar score of 5/7 and 6/7, respectively. The analysis of anamnestic data and results of clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination was performed; the catamnestic observation was 24 adjusted months of life.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results.The presented observations revealed a combination of various ante-, intra-and postnatal risk factors that lead to CNS damage in preterm infants. The obtained results indicate that prematurity and extremely low birth weight are not the only risk factors for neurological disorders, but the burdened neonatal period (congenital sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, lung atelectasis, neonatal convulsions, and 2-degree intraventricular hemorrhage verified by USC/MRI of the brain on both sides) contributed to the formation of neurogolic pathology in the second examined sibs. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, and a larger study is needed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion.Thus, the obtained results indicate that prematurity, extremely low birth weight and low Apgar score are not the only risk factors for the formation of neurological disorders. A combination of several significant ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors is necessary for the development of severe perinatal CNS damage, the formation of adverse neurological outcomes, and severe delay in motor and psycho - speech development in preterm infants. The prognosis of neurological outcome in a preterm baby requires long-term dynamic monitoring and a comprehensive approach using clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, requiring additional more extensive research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глубоконедоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>экстремально низкая масса тела при рождении</kwd><kwd>очень низкая масса тела  при рождении</kwd><kwd>неврологические исходы</kwd><kwd>моторное и психоречевое развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preterm infants</kwd><kwd>extremely low birth weight</kwd><kwd>very low birth weight</kwd><kwd>neurological outcomes</kwd><kwd>motor and psychospeech development</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howson C.P., Kinney M.V., Lawn J.E. (ed.). Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. World Health Organization. Geneva; 2012. 126 p. 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