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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-1-254-260</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6054</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА ПЕДИАТРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICIAN SCHOOL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пробиотики для профилактики острых респираторных  инфекций у детей: возможности применения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Probiotics for prevention of acute respiratory infections  in children: therapeutic potential.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени ака-демика Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>125993,  Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Zakharova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honoured Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after G.N. Speransky</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугян</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugyan</surname><given-names>Narine G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сугян Нарине Григорьевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>125993,  Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narine G. Sugyan, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Department of Pediatrics named after G.N. Speransky</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">narine6969@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>254</fpage><lpage>260</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Sugyan N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6054">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6054</self-uri><abstract><p>Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции – группа клинически, патоморфологически подобных острых воспалительных заболеваний органов дыхания, проявляющихся лихорадкой, насморком, чиханием, кашлем, болью в горле, нарушением общего состояния разной степени выраженности. При рецидивирующих респираторных инфекциях может происходить активация латентных, персистирующих инфекций вирусного и/или бактериального генеза. Снижение выработки местного иммунитета в значительной степени способствует развитию вирусно-бактериальных инфекций, персистенции возбудителя. На респираторный тракт человека может прямо или косвенно оказывать влияние кишечная микрофлора за счет увеличения продукции цитокинов, короткоцепочечных жирных кислот. В настоящее время проявляется научный интерес к возможности применения пробиотиков для профилактики острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Более ранние исследования показали положительное влияние пробиотиков на дыхательную систему с целью профилактики и снижения частоты и тяжести течения респираторных инфекционных заболеваний за счет увеличения количества секретирующих IgA клеток в слизистой оболочке бронхов. Исследования продемонстрировали, что применение пробиотиков может снизить частоту острых респираторных инфекций, продолжительность лихорадки, кашля и необходимость применения антибактериальных средств у детей. Антивирусной активностью обладают пептидогликаны и мурамилпептиды, которые входят в состав бактериальной стенки. Пробиотики могут блокировать прикрепление вируса также посредством процесса конкуренции за определенные рецепторы. Регенерация слизистой оболочки усиливается за счет способности муцина предотвращать прикрепление вируса к эпителиальным клеткам и подавлять репликацию вируса. Противовирусный эффект пробиотиков может быть обусловлен способностью продуцировать антимикробные пептиды, дегидрогеназы и NOs. Пробиотики способны модулировать функции эпителиальных и дендритных клеток, CD4+, CD8+ Т-лимфоцитов, NK-клеток, стимулировать синтез секреторных иммуноглобулинов, помогая нейтрализовать вирус.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute respiratory viral infections represent a group of clinically, pathomorphologically similar acute inflammatory respiratory diseases that manifest by fever, a runny nose, sneezing, cough, sore throat, a general feeling of ill health of varying severity. Activation of latent, persistent infections of viral and/or bacterial origin may occur in recurrent respiratory infections. Decreased production of local immunity contributes greatly to the development of viral and bacterial infections, persistence of pathogenic micro-organisms. Intestinal microflora can directly or indirectly affect the human respiratory tract through increased production of cytokines, short-chain fatty acids. In recent years, there has been a scientific interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections. Earlier studies have shown a positive effect of probiotics on the respiratory tract with a view to prevent and reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory infectious diseases by expending the number of IgA secreting cells in the bronchial mucosa. Studies showed that the use of probiotics can reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections, duration of fever, cough, and the need for antibacterial agents in children. Peptidoglycans and muramyl peptides that are constituents of the bacterial cell wall have antiviral activity. Probiotics can also inhibit virus attachment through a process of competing for the specific receptors. The regeneration of the mucous membrane is enhanced by the ability of mucin to prevent the virus from attaching to epithelial cells and suppress virus replication. The antiviral effect of probiotics may be caused by the ability to produce antimicrobial peptides, dehydrogenases and NOs. Probiotics can modulate the functions of epithelial and dendritic cells, CD4 +, CD8 + T lymphocytes, NK cells, stimulate the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulins, helping to neutralize the virus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>острые респираторные вирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>местный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>секреторный иммуноглобулин А</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory viral infections</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>local immunity</kwd><kwd>short-chain fatty acids</kwd><kwd>secretory immunoglobulin A</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таточенко В.К. Болезни органов дыхания у детей. 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