References

medsovet

Медицинский Совет

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council

2079-701X2658-5790

REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.

10.21518/2079-701X-2021-4-26-33

medsovet-6087

Research Article

КАРДИОЛОГИЯ

CARDIOLOGY

Влияние блокаторов ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы на инфекцию SARS-CoV-2 у взрослых: систематический обзор исследований и метаанализов

The effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers on SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults: a systematic review of studies and meta-analyzes

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-1114

Леонова

М. В.

Leonova

М. V.

Леонова Марина Васильевна, чл.-корр. РАЕН, доктор математических наук, профессор, клинический фармаколог

400005, Волгоград, ул. Коммунистическая, д. 50

Marina V. Leonova, Corresponding Member of RANS, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Clinical Pharmacologist

50, Kommunisticheskaya St., Volgograd, 400005

Scopus ID: 7004151126

anti23@mail.ru

Ассоциация клинических фармакологовРоссияAssociation of Clinical PharmacologistsRussian Federation

2021

18042021

042633

2021

Леонова М.В.

Leonova М.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6087

В статье обсуждается роль иммунной дисрегуляции ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы (РААС) в патогенезе инфекции COVID-19, участие АПФ2 в проникновении коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в клетки и возможная роль блокаторов РААС в развитии и тяжести заболевания. Отмечается, что благоприятные органопротективные эффекты ИАПФ/БРА могут защищать от инфекции SARS-CoV-2, их отмена может привести к клинической декомпенсации у пациентов с высоким сердечно-сосудистым риском. В статье представлен обзор научных данных о связи между применением ИАПФ/БРА и инфекцией COVID-19. Проведен ряд когортных исследований, направленных на решение главных вопросов: увеличивает ли использование ИАПФ/ БРА риск заражения коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, связано ли применение ИАПФ/БРА с худшими исходами COVID-19. В нескольких когортных исследованиях и двух метаанализах не было выявлено связи между предшествующим использованием ИАПФ/БРА и риском инфицирования COVID-19 (ОР 0,96–0,99). В исследованиях по изучению клинико-лабораторных эффектов ИАПФ/БРА при COVID-19 отмечено достоверно большее количество субпопуляции Т-лимфоцитов CD3+/CD8+, более низкие концентрации биомаркеров (C-реактивного белка, ферритина, ИЛ-6, прокальцитонина), более низкая вирусная нагрузка. В клинических исходах на фоне применения ИАПФ/БРА отмечались меньшая частота тяжелых/критических форм, меньшая длительность госпитализации. В крупных когортных исследованиях с участием >1000 пациентов применение ИАПФ/БРА не сопровождалось увеличением риска смерти пациентов с COVID-19 (ОР <1,0), а в некоторых исследованиях отмечалось снижение ОР на 37–67%. В метаанализах также подтверждено отсутствие влияния блокаторов РААС на риск смертности, а в популяции пациентов с АГ выявлено достоверное снижение риска смертности и тяжелого течения COVID-19. Большинством зарубежных и международных ассоциаций специалистов, а также Российским кардиологическим обществом рекомендовано продолжать применение блокаторов РААС у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и не отменять их при заболевании COVID-19. Дальнейшие рандомизированные клинические исследования необходимы для получения новых доказательств.

The article discusses the role of immune dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection, the participation of ACE2 for the penetration of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus into cells and the possible role of RAAS blockers, which have a direct effect on the pathological activity of the RAAS, in the development of and the severity of the disease. It is noted that the beneficial organoprotective effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their withdrawal may lead to clinical decompensation in patients at high risk of cardiovascular risk. Since then, a number of observational cohort studies have been carried out to address the main questions: does the use of an ACE inhibitor or ARB increase the risk of contracting the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and whether the use of RAAS blockers is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 disease. The article provides an overview of the scientific evidence on the relationship between the use of RASS blockers and COVID-19 infection. Several cohort studies and two meta-analyzes found no association between prior use of an ACE inhibitor/ARB and the risk of COVID-19 infection (RR 0.96–0.99). In studies on the study of clinical and laboratory features of the action of RAAS blockers in COVID-19, a significantly larger number of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes CD3+ and CD8+, lower concentrations of biomarkers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, IL-6, procalcitonin), as well as a lower viral load. In clinical outcomes, with the use of an ACE inhibitor/ARB, there was a lower incidence of severe/critical forms, and a shorter duration of hospitalization. In large cohort studies with >1000 patients, the use of an ACE inhibitor/ARB was not associated with an increase in the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 (RR < 1.0), and some studies showed a 37–67% decrease in RR. Meta-analyzes also confirmed the absence of the effect of RAAS blockers on the risk of mortality, and in the population of patients with hypertension, a significant reduction in the risk of mortality and severe course of COVID-19 was revealed. Most international associations of specialists, as well as the Russian Cardiological Society, are recommended to continue the use of RAAS blockers in patients with cardiovascular diseases and not to be canceled in case of COVID-19 disease. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to generate new evidence.

РААСингибиторы АПФблокаторы рецепторов АТIIкоронавирусCOVID-19смертность

RAASACE inhibitorsATII receptor blockerscoronavirusCOVID-19mortality

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.