<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-4-112-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6098</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-фармакологические подходы к оптимизации терапии у кашляющего пациента</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the optimisation of therapy in a coughing patient</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-3371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыганко Дмитрий Викторович, врач-пульмонолог</p><p>109240, Москва, ул. Яузская, д. 11/6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Tsyganko, Pulmonologist</p><p>11/6, Yauzskaya St., Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">riverdrinkins@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7565-7619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердникова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdnikova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердникова Надежда Георгиевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); врач – клинический фармаколог, Городская клиническая больница имени И.В. Давыдовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2,</p><p>109240, Москва, ул. Яузская, д. 11/6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda G. Berdnikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Clinical Pharmacologist, Davydovsky City Clinical Hospital</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, </p><p>11/6, Yauzskaya St., Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berdnad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-9280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екатеринчев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekaterinchev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринчев Вячеслав Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-оториноларинголог</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav A. Ekaterinchev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Otorhinolaryngologist</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1225.83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница имени И.В. Давыдовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Davydovsky City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница имени И.В. Давыдовского; &#13;
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Davydovsky City Clinical Hospital; &#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цыганко Д.В., Бердникова Н.Г., Екатеринчев В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цыганко Д.В., Бердникова Н.Г., Екатеринчев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsyganko D.V., Berdnikova N.G., Ekaterinchev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6098">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6098</self-uri><abstract><p>Кашель рассматривается как безусловно-рефлекторная защитно-приспособительная реакция организма на воздействие раздражающих агентов, таких как аэрополлютанты, инородные тела, мокрота, и призван обеспечить адекватную проходимость дыхательных путей для осуществления нормального газообмена. К сожалению, нередко этот механизм из защитного трансформируется в патологический, лишенный адаптивного характера, принося страдания пациенту и усугубляя его плохое состояние. Грань между физиологическим и патологическим кашлем зачастую размыта и по-разному воспринимается как больными, так и врачами. В большинстве случаев отношение к кашлю, в том числе и длительному, у населения пренебрежительное – как к чему-то обыденному, не сулящему больших проблем, без настороженности в отношении туберкулеза, онкологических и множества других серьезных заболеваний. На рынке представлено огромное количество лекарственных препаратов, позиционируемых как эффективные противокашлевые средства. Однако большое разнообразие способов лечения данной патологии свидетельствует о том, что идеальных лекарств от кашля, сочетающих в себе универсальность, высокую эффективность и безопасность, на сегодняшний день не существует. Многие препараты могут вызывать серьезные побочные эффекты, накладывающие большие ограничения на их прием. Еще одной сложностью является тот факт, что триггеры и пути реализации кашлевого рефлекса чрезвычайно разнообразны. Выявление причин длительного кашля требует тщательного сбора анамнеза зачастую с применением мультидисциплинарного подхода: расширенного обследования, участия таких врачей, как оториноларинголог, кардиолог, гастроэнтеролог, пульмонолог, онколог, фтизиатр, клинический фармаколог  (лекарственноиндуцированный кашель, межлекарственные взаимодействия). Данная статья посвящена проблемам дифференциальной диагностики кашля и подбора противокашлевых препаратов на основании их доказанной эффективности и безопасности. Особенно актуальной эта информация становится во время сезонного повышения заболеваемости ОРВИ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cough is considered as an unconditional reflex adaptive defense response to irritating agents such as aeropollutants, foreign bodies, sputum, and is supposed to ensure adequate airway patency for normal gas exchange. Unfortunately, this mechanism is often transformed from a protective to a pathological one, lacking an adaptive function, causing suffering to the patient and exacerbating his poor condition. The line between physiological and pathological cough is often blurred and is perceived differently by both patients and physicians. In most cases, cough, including persistent cough, is treated with neglect by the general population - as an everyday occurrence with no major problems, and with a lack of awareness of tuberculosis, cancer and a number of other serious diseases. There are a large number of medicines on the market that are positioned as effective cough medicines. However, the wide variety of ways to treat this pathology demonstrates that there is no ideal cough medicine that combines universality, high efficacy and safety. Many drugs can cause serious side-effects, imposing severe restrictions on their use. Another difficulty is that the triggers and pathways of the cough reflex are extremely varied. Identifying the causes of persistent cough requires a thorough medical history, often with a multidisciplinary approach: extended examination, doctors such as otorhinolaryngologist, cardiologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, oncologist, phthisiatrician, clinical pharmacologist (druginduced cough, drug-drug interactions). This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of cough and the selection of cough medicines based on their proven efficacy and safety. This information becomes particularly relevant during the seasonal increase in the incidence of acute respiratory infections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ОРВИ</kwd><kwd>сухой кашель</kwd><kwd>цитрата бутамират</kwd><kwd>исследования</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ARI</kwd><kwd>dry cough</kwd><kwd>butamirate citrate</kwd><kwd>studies</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцев А.А. Кашель: по страницам международных рекомендаций. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2019;15(27):38–48. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2019-15-27-38-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytsev A.A. Cough: Through the Pages of International Recommendations. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya = Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2019;15(27):38–48. (In Russ.) doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2019-15-27-38-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков А.В. Противокашлевые, муколитические и отхаркивающие средства. Что выбрать? РМЖ. 2008;(4):239. Режим доступа: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/bolezni_dykhatelnykh_putey/Protivokashlevye_mukoliticheskie_i_otharkivayuschie_sredstva_Chto_vybraty/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov A.V. Antitussives, Mucolytics and Expectorants. What To Choose? RMZH = RMJ. 2008;(4):239. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/bolezni_dykhatelnykh_putey/Protivokashlevye_mukoliticheskie_i_otharkivayuschie_sredstva_Chto_vybraty/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жаркова Н.Е. Кашель: причины, диагностика, лечение. РМЖ. 2006;(16):1171. Режим доступа: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/bolezni_dykhatelnykh_putey/Kashely_prichiny_diagnostika_lechenie/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zharkova N.E. Cough: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment. RMZH = RMJ. 2006;(16):1171. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/bolezni_dykhatelnykh_putey/Kashely_prichiny_diagnostika_lechenie/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morice A., Kardos Р. Comprehensive Evidence-Based Review on European Antitussives. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2016;3(1):e000137. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morice A., Kardos Р. Comprehensive Evidence-Based Review on European Antitussives. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2016;3(1):e000137. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birring S., Prudon B., Carr A., Singh S., Morgan M., Pavord I. Development of a Symptom Specific Health Status Measure for Patients with Chronic Cough: Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Thorax. 2003;58:339–343. doi: 10.1136/thorax.58.4.339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birring S., Prudon B., Carr A., Singh S., Morgan M., Pavord I. Development of a Symptom Specific Health Status Measure for Patients with Chronic Cough: Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Thorax. 2003;58:339–343. doi: 10.1136/thorax.58.4.339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song W., Chang Y., Faruqi S., Kim J., Kang M., Kim S. The Global Epidemiology of Chronic Cough in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Respir J. 2015;45:1479–1481. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00218714.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song W., Chang Y., Faruqi S., Kim J., Kang M., Kim S. The Global Epidemiology of Chronic Cough in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Respir J. 2015;45:1479–1481. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00218714.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chamberlain S., Garrod R., Douiri A., Masefield S., Powell P., Bücher C. The Impact of Chronic Cough: A Cross-Sectional European Survey. Lung. 2015;193:401–408. doi: 10.1007/s00408-015-9701-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chamberlain S., Garrod R., Douiri A., Masefield S., Powell P., Bücher C. The Impact of Chronic Cough: A Cross-Sectional European Survey. Lung. 2015;193:401–408. doi: 10.1007/s00408-015-9701-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu J., Ji P., Pang J., Zhong Z., Li H., He С. Clinical Characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 Patients: A Meta‐Analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92:1902–1914. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25884.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu J., Ji P., Pang J., Zhong Z., Li H., He С. Clinical Characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 Patients: A Meta‐Analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92:1902–1914. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25884.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irwin R., French C., Chang A., Altman K. Classification of Cough as a Symptom in Adults and Management Algorithms: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2018;153(1):196–209. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irwin R., French C., Chang A., Altman K. Classification of Cough as a Symptom in Adults and Management Algorithms: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2018;153(1):196–209. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morice A., Millqvist E., Bieksiene K., Birring S., Dicpinigaitis P., Domingo Ribas C. ERS Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic cough in Adults and Children. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(1)1901136. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01136-2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morice A., Millqvist E., Bieksiene K., Birring S., Dicpinigaitis P., Domingo Ribas C. ERS Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic cough in Adults and Children. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(1)1901136. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01136-2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евстифеева Г.Ю., Трусова О.Ю., Данилова Е.И., Суменко В.В. Клиническая эффективность лечения кашля в педиатрической практике. Медицинский совет. 2019;(2):194–198. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2019-2-194-198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evstifeeva G.Yu., Trusova O.Yu., Danilova E.I., Sumenko V.V. Clinical Efficiency of Treatment of Cough in Pediatric Practice. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2019;(2):194–198. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2019-2-194-198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capristo C., Rossi G.A. Post-Infectious Persistent Cough: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Options. Minerva Pediatr. 2017;69(5):444–452. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.17.04958-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capristo C., Rossi G.A. Post-Infectious Persistent Cough: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Options. Minerva Pediatr. 2017;69(5):444–452. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.17.04958-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braman S. Postinfectious Cough: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2006;129(1):138S–146S. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.138S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braman S. Postinfectious Cough: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2006;129(1):138S–146S. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.138S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irwin R., Baumann M., Bolser D., Boulet L.-P., Braman S., Brightling С. Diagnosis and Management of Cough Executive Summary: ACCP EvidenceBased Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2006;129(1 Suppl):1–23. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.1S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irwin R., Baumann M., Bolser D., Boulet L.-P., Braman S., Brightling С. Diagnosis and Management of Cough Executive Summary: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2006;129(1 Suppl):1–23. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.1S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guilleminault L., Brouquières D., Didier A. From Acute Cough to Chronic Cough in Adults: Overview on a Common Reason for consultation. Presse Med. 2019;48(4):353–364. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.02.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guilleminault L., Brouquières D., Didier A. From Acute Cough to Chronic Cough in Adults: Overview on a Common Reason for consultation. Presse Med. 2019;48(4):353–364. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.02.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung K., Pavord I. Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Causes of Chronic Cough. Lancet. 2008;371(9621):1364–1374. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung K., Pavord I. Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Causes of Chronic Cough. Lancet. 2008;371(9621):1364–1374. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung K., Lalloo U. Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Persistent Dry Cough. Postgrad Med J. 1996;72(852):594–598. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.72.852.594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung K., Lalloo U. Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Persistent Dry Cough. Postgrad Med J. 1996;72(852):594–598. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.72.852.594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford А.C., Forman D., Moayyedi P., Morice A.H. Cough in the Community: A Cross Sectional Survey and the Relationship to Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Thorax. 2006;61(11):975–979. doi: 10.1136/thx.2006.060087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford А.C., Forman D., Moayyedi P., Morice A.H. Cough in the Community: A Cross Sectional Survey and the Relationship to Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Thorax. 2006;61(11):975–979. doi: 10.1136/thx.2006.060087.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobson B.C., Somers S.C., Fuchs C.S., Kelly C.P., Camargo C.A. Jr. BodyMass Index and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Women. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(22):2340–2348. doi: 0.1056/NEJMoa054391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobson B.C., Somers S.C., Fuchs C.S., Kelly C.P., Camargo C.A. Jr. BodyMass Index and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Women. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(22):2340–2348. doi: 0.1056/NEJMoa054391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatar M., Plevkova J., Brozmanova M., Pecova R., Kollarik M. Mechanisms of the Cough Associated with Rhinosinusitis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(2):121–126. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.11.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatar M., Plevkova J., Brozmanova M., Pecova R., Kollarik M. Mechanisms of the Cough Associated with Rhinosinusitis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(2):121–126. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.11.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gawchik S., Goldstein S., Prenner B., John A. Relief of Cough and Nasal Symptoms Associated with Allergic Rhinitis by Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;90(4):416–421. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61826-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gawchik S., Goldstein S., Prenner B., John A. Relief of Cough and Nasal Symptoms Associated with Allergic Rhinitis by Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;90(4):416–421. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61826-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birring S.S., Passant C., Patel R.B., Prudon B., Murty G.E., Pavord I.D. Chronic Tonsillar Enlargement and Cough: Preliminary Evidence of a Novel and Treatable Cause of Chronic Cough. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(2):199–201. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00066403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birring S.S., Passant C., Patel R.B., Prudon B., Murty G.E., Pavord I.D. Chronic Tonsillar Enlargement and Cough: Preliminary Evidence of a Novel and Treatable Cause of Chronic Cough. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(2):199–201. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00066403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janson C., Chinn S., Jarvis D., Burney P. Determinants of Cough in Young Adults Participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:647–654. doi: 10.1183/09031936.01.00098701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janson C., Chinn S., Jarvis D., Burney P. Determinants of Cough in Young Adults Participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:647–654. doi: 10.1183/09031936.01.00098701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turato G., Di Stefano A., Maestrelli P., Mapp C.E., Ruggieri M.P., Roggeri A. et al. Effect of Smoking Cessation on Airway Inflammation in Chronic Bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(4 Pt 1):1262–1267. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turato G., Di Stefano A., Maestrelli P., Mapp C.E., Ruggieri M.P., Roggeri A. et al. Effect of Smoking Cessation on Airway Inflammation in Chronic Bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(4 Pt 1):1262–1267. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadakia S., Kikendall J., Maydonovitch C., Johnson L. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Gastroesophageal Reflux Measured by 24‐h Ambulatory Esophageal pH Monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90(10):1785–1790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadakia S., Kikendall J., Maydonovitch C., Johnson L. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Gastroesophageal Reflux Measured by 24‐h Ambulatory Esophageal pH Monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90(10):1785–1790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Overlack A. ACE Inhibitor-Induced Cough and Bronchospasm. Drug Saf. 1996;15(1):72–78. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199615010-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Overlack A. ACE Inhibitor-Induced Cough and Bronchospasm. Drug Saf. 1996;15(1):72–78. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199615010-00006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grilo A., Sáez-Rosas M.P., Santos-Morano J., Sánchez E., Moreno-Rey C., Real L.M. et al. Identification of Genetic Factors Associated with Susceptibility to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors-Induced Cough. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011;21(1):10–17. doi: 0.1097/FPC.0b013e328341041c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grilo A., Sáez-Rosas M.P., Santos-Morano J., Sánchez E., Moreno-Rey C., Real L.M. et al. Identification of Genetic Factors Associated with Susceptibility to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors-Induced Cough. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011;21(1):10–17. doi: 0.1097/FPC.0b013e328341041c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang S.M., He Q.Y., Miao Y.D. The Relationship between Polymorphism of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene and Cough Caused by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2003;26(4):203–205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang S.M., He Q.Y., Miao Y.D. The Relationship between Polymorphism of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene and Cough Caused by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2003;26(4):203–205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Noun L. Drug-Induced Respiratory Disorders: Incidence, Prevention and Management. Drug Saf. 2000;23(2):143–164. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200023020-00005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Noun L. Drug-Induced Respiratory Disorders: Incidence, Prevention and Management. Drug Saf. 2000;23(2):143–164. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200023020-00005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Andrea N., Triolo L., Margagnoni G., Aratari A., Sanguinetti C. Methotrexate-Induced Pneumonitis in Crohn’s Disease. Case Report and Review of the Literature. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2010;5(5):312–19. doi: 10.1186/2049-6958-5-5-312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Andrea N., Triolo L., Margagnoni G., Aratari A., Sanguinetti C. Methotrexate-Induced Pneumonitis in Crohn’s Disease. Case Report and Review of the Literature. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2010;5(5):312–19. doi: 10.1186/2049-6958-5-5-312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virdee G., Bleasdale J., Ikramullah M., Graham-Clarke E. Sertraline-Induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(12):e230724. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virdee G., Bleasdale J., Ikramullah M., Graham-Clarke E. Sertraline-Induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(12):e230724. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roden А., Camus P. Iatrogenic Pulmonary Lesions. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2018;35(4):260–271. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.03.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roden А., Camus P. Iatrogenic Pulmonary Lesions. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2018;35(4):260–271. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.03.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsuno O. Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: Mechanisms and Best Diagnostic Approaches. Respir Res. 2012;13(1):39. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsuno O. Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease: Mechanisms and Best Diagnostic Approaches. Respir Res. 2012;13(1):39. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anthonisen N.R., Manfreda J., Warren C.P., Hershfield E.S., Harding G.K., Nelson N.A. Antibiotic Therapy in Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106(2):196–204. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anthonisen N.R., Manfreda J., Warren C.P., Hershfield E.S., Harding G.K., Nelson N.A. Antibiotic Therapy in Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106(2):196–204. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлев С.В., Брико Н.И., Сидоренко С.В., Проценко Д.Н. (ред.). Программа СКАТ (Стратегия контроля антимикробной терапии) при оказании стационарной медицинской помощи: российские клинические рекомендации. М.: Перо; 2018. 156 с. doi: 10.17513/np.318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev S.V., Briko N.I., Sidorenko S.V., Protsenko D.N. (eds.). The SCAT Program (Antimicrobial Therapy Control Strategy) in the Provision of Inpatient Medical Care: Russian Clinical Guidelines. Moscow: Pero; 2018. 156 p. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17513/np.318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердникова Н.Г., Климова О.Ю., Цыганко Д.В., Екатеринчев В.А. Некоторые аспекты терапии бактериальных инфекций верхних дыхательных путей: что остается за кадром клинических рекомендаций? Медицинский совет. 2017;(11):64–70. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-11-64-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdnikova N.G., Klimova O.Y., Tsyganko D.V., Ekaterinchev V.A. Some Aspects of Therapy of Bacterial Infections of Upper Respiratory Tract: What Remains Beyond Clinical Guidelines? Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2017;(11):64–70. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-11-64-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rémi C., Rémi J., Bausewein C. Pharmacological Management of Bronchorrhea in Malignant Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016;51(5):916–925. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rémi C., Rémi J., Bausewein C. Pharmacological Management of Bronchorrhea in Malignant Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016;51(5):916–925. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung C.-Y., Lee T.-H., Chu N.-S. Bronchorrhea Following Stroke. Eur Neurol. 2012;67:57–62. doi: 10.1159/000334099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung C.-Y., Lee T.-H., Chu N.-S. Bronchorrhea Following Stroke. Eur Neurol. 2012;67:57–62. doi: 10.1159/000334099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cordovilla R., Bollo de Miguel E., Nuñez Ares A., Cosano Povedano F.J., Herráez Ortega I., Jiménez Merchán R. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemoptysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2016;52(7):368–377. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.12.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cordovilla R., Bollo de Miguel E., Nuñez Ares A., Cosano Povedano F.J., Herráez Ortega I., Jiménez Merchán R. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemoptysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2016;52(7):368–377. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.12.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davoodi M., Kordi M., Gharibvand M., Shoushtari M., Borsi H., Bahadoram M. Hemoptysis: Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Multi Detector CT Scan and Bronchoscopy. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7(3):373–377. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n3p373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davoodi M., Kordi M., Gharibvand M., Shoushtari M., Borsi H., Bahadoram M. Hemoptysis: Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Multi Detector CT Scan and Bronchoscopy. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7(3):373–377. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n3p373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Earwood J., Thompson T. Hemoptysis: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(4):243–249. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0215/p243.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Earwood J., Thompson T. Hemoptysis: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(4):243–249. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0215/p243.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ittrich H., Bockhorn M., Klose H., Simon M. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemoptysis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114(21):371–381. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ittrich H., Bockhorn M., Klose H., Simon M. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemoptysis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114(21):371–381. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колосова Н.Г., Шахназарова М.Д., Шаталина С.И. Диагностика и лечение кашля у детей. Медицинский совет. 2017;(1):140–143. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-1-140-143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolosova N.G., Shakhnazarova M.D., Shatalina S.I. Diagnosis and Treatment of Cough in Children. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2017;(1):140–143. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-1-140-143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tae H., Jeong B.R., Chae J.H. Sleep Problems as a Risk Factor for Suicide: Are Certain Specific Sleep Domains Associated with Increased Suicide Risk? J Affect Disord. 2019;252:182–189. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tae H., Jeong B.R., Chae J.H. Sleep Problems as a Risk Factor for Suicide: Are Certain Specific Sleep Domains Associated with Increased Suicide Risk? J Affect Disord. 2019;252:182–189. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lejeune J., Weibel M.A. Comparison of 2 Antitussive Agents in Pediatrics (Butamirate Citrate in Drinkable Solution and Zipeprol Syrup). Rev Med Suisse Romande. 1990;110(2):181–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lejeune J., Weibel M.A. Comparison of 2 Antitussive Agents in Pediatrics (Butamirate Citrate in Drinkable Solution and Zipeprol Syrup). Rev Med Suisse Romande. 1990;110(2):181–185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charpin J., Weibel M.A. Comparative Evaluation of the Antitussive Activity of Butamirate Citrate Linctus versus Clobutinol Syrup. Respiration. 1990;57(4):275–279. doi: 10.1159/000195855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charpin J., Weibel M.A. Comparative Evaluation of the Antitussive Activity of Butamirate Citrate Linctus versus Clobutinol Syrup. Respiration. 1990;57(4):275–279. doi: 10.1159/000195855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikó P. The Use and Safety of Butamirate Containing Drops, Syrup and Depot Tablets in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2005;146(13):609–612.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikó P. The Use and Safety of Butamirate Containing Drops, Syrup and Depot Tablets in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2005;146(13):609–612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Płusa T. Butamyrate Citrate in Cough Controlling. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2013;35(210):367–369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Płusa T. Butamyrate Citrate in Cough Controlling. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2013;35(210):367–369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang C., Cheng A., Chang A. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications to Reduce Cough as an Adjunct to Antibiotics for Acute Pneumonia in Children and Adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(2):CD006088. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang C., Cheng A., Chang A. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications to Reduce Cough as an Adjunct to Antibiotics for Acute Pneumonia in Children and Adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(2):CD006088. PMID: 22336815. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molassiotis A., Bailey C., Caress A., Brunton L., Smith J. Interventions for Cough in Cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(9):CD007881. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007881.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molassiotis A., Bailey C., Caress A., Brunton L., Smith J. Interventions for Cough in Cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(9):CD007881. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007881.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molassiotis A., Smith J.A., Mazzone P., Blackhall F., Irwin R.S. Symptomatic Treatment of Cough among Adult Patients With Lung Cancer: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2017;151(4):861–874. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.12.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molassiotis A., Smith J.A., Mazzone P., Blackhall F., Irwin R.S. Symptomatic Treatment of Cough among Adult Patients With Lung Cancer: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2017;151(4):861–874. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.12.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dicpinigaitis P, Lim L, Farmakidis C. Cough Syncope. Respir Med. 2014;108(2):244–251. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dicpinigaitis P, Lim L, Farmakidis C. Cough Syncope. Respir Med. 2014;108(2):244–251. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waldmann V., Combes N., Narayanan K., Sharifzadehgan A., Bouzeman A., Beganton F. Cough Syncope. Am J Med. 2017;130(7):e295–e296. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waldmann V., Combes N., Narayanan K., Sharifzadehgan A., Bouzeman A., Beganton F. Cough Syncope. Am J Med. 2017;130(7):e295–e296. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
