medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/2079-701X-2021-4-136-143medsovet-6101Research ArticleГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯGASTROENTEROLOGYСовременные подходы к коррекции микробиоты кишечникаModern approaches to the correction of the gut microbiotahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-8410СтуровН. В.SturovN. V.

Стуров Николай Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой общей врачебной практики, заместитель директора по учебной работе Медицинского института

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Nikolay V. Sturov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of General Practice, Deputy Director of Medical Institute

6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198

sturov-nv@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-4616ПоповС. В.PopovS. V.

Попов Сергей Витальевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры общей врачебной практики Медицинского института

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Sergey V. Popov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of General Practice of Medical Institute

6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198

servit77@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-264XЖуковВ. А.ZhukovV. A.

Жуков Владимир Андреевич, аспирант кафедры общей врачебной практики Медицинского института

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

Vladimir A. Zhukov, Graduate Student of the Department of General Practice of Medical Institute

6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198

vladimirzh94@gmail.comРоссийский университет дружбы народовРоссияPeoples’ Friendship University of RussiaRussian Federation20211904202104136143Copyright © Стуров Н.В., Попов С.В., Жуков В.А., 20212021Стуров Н.В., Попов С.В., Жуков В.А.Sturov N.V., Popov S.V., Zhukov V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6101

В статье представлены современные данные о формировании, структуре, функциях и возможностях коррекции кишечной микробиоты. Кишечная микробиота является совокупностью живых организмов, населяющих кишечник человека и формирующих сложную микроэкологическую систему, выполняющую множество функций. Известно, что на состав и состояние кишечной микробиоты оказывают влияние факторы окружающей среды, такие как диета и образ жизни, а также особенности организма человека, включая генетическую предрасположенность. Нарушение в данной системе (дисбиоз) может спровоцировать развитие ряда заболеваний и патологических состояний, при которых коррекция кишечной микробиоты может оказаться перспективной терапевтической стратегией. Наиболее распространенными методами коррекции дисбиоза являются соблюдение диеты, применение про- и пребиотиков и трансплантация фекальной микробиоты. Диета оказывает влияние на качественно-количественный состав и функции кишечной микробиоты, активность отдельных ее представителей. Пробиотики используются для модуляции, сохранения кишечной микробиоты при дисбиозе, а также для профилактики его развития. Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты осуществляется путем переноса микробиоты от здорового донора. Данный метод является одним из эффективных способов лечения инфекции Clostridium difficile. В данной обзорной статье также представлены результаты применения трансплантации фекальной микробиоты у пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника и печеночной энцефалопатией. Показано, что после трансплантации наблюдается быстрое изменение состава кишечной микробиоты, которая становится сходной с микробиотой здорового донора. Каждый из перечисленных способов коррекции демонстрирует различную степень влияния на кишечную микробиоту, а их терапевтическая эффективность зависит от непосредственных характеристик используемых методик, а также конкретного заболевания и требует дальнейшего изучения.

The article presents modern data on the formation, structure, functions and possibilities of correction of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a collection of living organisms that inhabit the human intestine and form a complex microecological system that performs many functions. It is known that the composition and state of the gut microbiota is influenced by both environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, and the human body, including genetic predisposition. A violation in this system (dysbiosis) can provoke the development of a number of diseases and pathological conditions, in which the correction of the gut microbiota may be a promising therapeutic strategy. The most common methods of correcting dysbiosis are dieting, the use of pro-and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The diet affects the qualitative and quantitative composition and functions of the gut microbiota, the activity of its individual representatives. Probiotics are used to modulate, preserve the gut microbiota in dysbiosis, as well as to prevent its development. Fecal microbiota transplantation is performed by transferring the microbiota from a healthy donor. This method is one of the most effective ways to treat Clostridium difficile infection. This review article also presents the results of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and hepatic encephalopathy. It is shown that after transplantation, there is a rapid change in the composition of the gut microbiota, which becomes similar to the microbiota of a healthy donor. Each of these methods of correction demonstrates a different degree of influence on the gut microbiota, and their therapeutic effectiveness depends on the direct characteristics of the methods used, as well as the specific disease and requires further study.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.