<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-4-155-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6103</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕВМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RHEUMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Локальная противовоспалительная терапия при остеоартрите у пациентов с высокой коморбидностью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Local anti-inflammatory therapy for osteoarthritis with high comorbidity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-2616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красивина</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasivina</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красивина Ирина Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии с  профпатологией</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Krasivina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of Chair for Hospital Therapy with Occupational Pathology</p><p>5, Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ikrasivina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-9699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгова Лидия Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача, Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина» города Ярославль; ассистент кафедры поликлинической терапии, клинической лабораторной диагностики и медицинской биохимии, Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</p><p>150031, Ярославль, Суздальское шоссе, д. 21,</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidiya N. Dolgova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Teaching Assistant of Chair for Outpatient Therapy, Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Medical Biochemistry, Yaroslavl State Medical Universityeration; Deputy Chief Physician, Clinical Hospital RZD -Medicine of the city of Yaroslalv</p><p>5, Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, </p><p>21, Suzdalskoe Shosse, Yaroslavl, 150031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">L.Dolgova@dkb.yar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2181-9325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгов Николай Владимирович, терапевт</p><p>150031, Ярославль, Суздальское шоссе, д. 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Dolgov, Therapist</p><p>21, Suzdalskoe Shosse, Yaroslavl, 150031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolgov64942@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет; &#13;
Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина» города Ярославль<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University; &#13;
Clinical Hospital RZD-Medicine of the city of Yaroslalv<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина» города Ярославль<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital RZD-Medicine of the city of Yaroslalv<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>155</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Красивина И.Г., Долгова Л.Н., Долгов Н.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Красивина И.Г., Долгова Л.Н., Долгов Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasivina I.G., Dolgova L.N., Dolgov N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6103">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6103</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеоартрит является широко распространенным заболеванием, ведущий симптом которого – боль в нагрузочных суставах, а частота встречаемости увеличивается с возрастом. Многие пациенты с ОА имеют несколько сопутствующих заболеваний, таких как артериальная гипертензия, ишемическая болезнь сердца, сахарный диабет, язвенные поражения желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки. В настоящее время различаются подходы к лечению ОА с коморбидностью и без таковой. В частности, при ОА с высокой коморбидностью не рекомендовано применение пероральных нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов. В  обзоре литературы обсуждается перспективность и  популярность применения локальных форм НПВП, объясняющаяся их сопоставимой анальгетической эффективностью c пероральными препаратами и при этом меньшим риском нежелательных явлений. Анализируются данные о  трансдермальных формах диклофенака, которые могут обеспечивать по крайней мере эквивалентную пероральным препаратам анальгезию, улучшение физических функций и уменьшение скованности при ОА кистей и коленных суставов, но при этом обладают более благоприятным профилем безопасности. Такая особенность топических НПВП позволяет рассматривать их как эффективный вариант терапии 1-й линии, особенно у пожилых пациентов и лиц с тяжелой коморбидностью. Лекарственные препараты для местного применения, содержащие в качестве основного действующего вещества диклофенак, популярны как среди пациентов, так и среди врачей, а их использование имеет обширную доказательную базу. Этилендиаминовая соль диклофенака имеет преимущества пред натриевой солью по  своим проникающим свойствам, а  форма эмульсионного геля, содержащего гидрофобную фазу, замедляющую высыхание нанесенной на кожу субстанции, обеспечивает удобство применения и улучшает потребительские свойства средств для локальной противовоспалительной терапии ОА.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread disease, the leading symptom of which is pain in the load-bearing joints, and the incidence increases with age. Many patients with OA have several comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, gastric and duodenal ulcers. Currently, there are different approaches to the treatment of OA with and without comorbidity. In particular, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended for OA with high comorbidity. The literature review discusses the prospects and popularity of the use of local forms of NSAIDs associated with their equal analgesic efficacy relative to oral drugs, but with a smaller number of adverse events. Data on transcutaneous forms of diclofenac are analyzed, which can provide at least oral equivalent analgesia, improved physical function and reduced stiffness in  osteoarthritis of  the  hands and knee joints, while showing fewer systemic adverse events. This feature of  topical NSAIDs allows them to be considered as an effective first-line treatment option, especially in elderly patients and those with severe comorbidity. Topical medications containing diclofenac as the main active ingredient are popular among both patients and doctors, and their use has an extensive evidence base. Diclofenac ethylenediamine salt has advantages over sodium salt in its penetrating properties, and the form of an emulsion gel containing a hydrophobic phase that slows down the drying of the substance applied to the skin provides ease of use and improves the consumer properties of agents for local antiinflammatory therapy of osteoarthritis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>топические НПВП</kwd><kwd>диклофенак</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>диклофенака этилендиамин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>topical NSAIDs</kwd><kwd>diclofenac</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>diclofenac ethylenediamine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березняков И.Г., Корж И.В. Остеоартроз, артериальная гипертензия и ожирение: проблема коморбидности. Международный медицинский журнал. 2012;(4):78–81. Режим доступа: http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/53463/14-Berezniakov.pdf?sequence=1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezniakov I.G., Korzh I.V. Osteoarthrosis, arterial hypertendion, and obesity: comorbidity problem. Mezhdunarodnyy meditsinskiy zhurnal = International Medical Journal. 2012;(4):78–81. (In Russ.) Available at: http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/53463/14-Berezniakov.pdf?sequence=1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velasquez M.T., Katz J.D. Osteoarthritis: another component of metabolic syndrome? Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2010;8(4):295–305. doi: 10.1089/met.2009.0110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velasquez M.T., Katz J.D. Osteoarthritis: another component of metabolic syndrome? Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2010;8(4):295–305. doi: 10.1089/met.2009.0110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хитров Н.А. Остеоартроз и остеоартрит - патоморфоз названия и прогресс знаний о болезни. РМЖ. 2011;(25):1525. Режим доступа: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/revmatologiya/Osteoartroz_i_osteoartrit__patomorfoz_nazvaniya_i_progress_znaniy_o_bolezni/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khitrov N.A. Osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis-pathomorphosis of the name and progress of knowledge about the disease. RMZh = RMJ. 2011;(25):1525. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/revmatologiya/Osteoartroz_i_osteoartrit__patomorfoz_nazvaniya_i_progress_znaniy_o_bolezni/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дыдыкина И.С., Арутюнова Е.В., Коваленко П.С., Зоткин Е.Г. Клиническое значение и перспективы применения инъекционных форм биополимерного микрогетерогенного коллагенсодержащего гидрогеля в терапии остеоартрита. Современная ревматология. 2020;16(4): 132–137. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-4-132-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dydykina I.S., Arutyunova E.V., Kovalenko P.S., Zotkin E.G. The clinical significance of and prospects for the use of biopolymerbased microheterogeneous collagen-containing injectable hydrogel in the therapy of osteoarthritis. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2020;16(4):132–137. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-4-132-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наумов В.А., Алексеева Л.И. Ведение больных с остеоартритом и коморбидностью в общей врачебной практике: клинические рекомендации. М.; 2016. 37 с. Режим доступа: https://medvestnik.ru/apps/mv/assets/uploads/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8/REK-osteo2016.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumov V.A., Alekseeva L.I. Management of patients with osteoarthritis and comorbidity in General medical practice: clinical recommendations. Moscow; 2016. 37 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://medvestnik.ru/apps/mv/assets/uploads/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8/REK-osteo2016.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балабанова Р.М., Эрдес Ш.Ф. Распространенность ревматических заболеваний в России в 2012–2013 гг. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(2):120–124. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-120-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balabanova R.M., Erdes S.F. The incidence and prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Russia in 2012–2013. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(2):120– 124. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-120-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Л.И., Таскина Е.А., Кашеварова Н.Г., Шарапова Е.П., Аникин С.Г., Стребкова Е.А. и др. Остеоартрит коленных суставов и метаболический синдром: новые подходы к терапии. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2018;56(2):157–163. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-157-163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva L.I., Taskina E.A., Kashevarova N.G., Sharapova E.P., Anikin S.G., Strebkova E.A. et al. Knee osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome: new approaches to therapy. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2018;56(2):157– 163. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-157-163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Courties A., Gualillo O., Berenbaum F., Sellam J. Metabolic stress-induced joint inflammation and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015;23(11):1955–1965. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Courties A., Gualillo O., Berenbaum F., Sellam J. Metabolic stressinduced joint inflammation and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015;23(11):1955–1965. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александрова Г.А., Голубев Н.А., Тюрина Е.М., Оськов Ю.И., Шелепова Е.А., Поликарпов А.В. Общая заболеваемость взрослого населения России в 2019 году. Ч. IV. М.; 2020. 140 c. Режим доступа: http://miaceao.ru/medicinskaya-statistika/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrova G.A., Golubev N.A., Tyurina E.M., Oskov Yu.I., Shelepova E.A., Polikarpov A.V. Total morbidity of the adult population of Russia in 2019. Moscow; 2020. Part IV, 140 p. (In Russ.) Available at: http://miaceao.ru/medicinskaya-statistika/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александрова Г.А., Голубев Н.А., Тюрина Е.М., Оськов Ю.И., Шелепова Е.А., Поликарпов А.В. Заболеваемость взрослого населения России в 2019 году с диагнозом, установленным впервые в жизни. М.; 2020. Ч. III, 140 c. Режим доступа: http://miaceao.ru/medicinskaya-statistika/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrova G.A., Golubev N.A., Tyurina E.M., Oskov Yu.I., Shelepova E.A., Polikarpov A.V. Morbidity of the adult population of Russia in 2019 with a diagnosis established for the first time in life. Moscow; 2020. Part III, 140 p. (In Russ.) Available at: http://miaceao.ru/medicinskaya-statistika/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила А.М., Карпов О.И. Остеоартроз: социально-экономическое значение и фармаэкономические аспекты патогенетической терапии. РМЖ. 2003;(28):1558. Режим доступа: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/revmatologiya/Osteoartroz_socialyno-ekonomicheskoe_znachenie_i_farmaekonomicheskie_aspekty_patogeneticheskoy_terapii/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lila A.M., Karpov O.I. Osteoarthritis: social and economic significance and pharmacoeconomic aspects of pathogenetic therapy. RMZh = RMJ. 2003;(28):1558. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/revmatologiya/Osteoartroz_socialyno-ekonomicheskoe_znachenie_i_farmaekonomicheskie_aspekty_patogeneticheskoy_terapii/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрунько И.Л., Меньшикова Л.В., Голубева П.С., Цыренжапова Т.М. Остеоартроз: финансовые затраты на одного больного. Сибирский медицинский журнал. 2010;97(6):163–165. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osteoartroz-finansovye-zatraty-naodnogo-bolnogo/viewer.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrunko I.L., Menshikova L.V., Golubeva P.S., Tsyrenzhapova T.M. Osteoarthrosis: financial expenses for one patient. Sibirskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Siberian Medical Journal. 2010;97(6):163–165. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osteoartroz-finansovyezatraty-na-odnogo-bolnogo/viewer.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Л.И., Наумов А.В. Ведение остеоартрита с коморбидностью в общей врачебной практике (клинические рекомендации). Доктор.Ру. 2017;(5):51–69. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29229025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseyeva L.I., Naumov A.V. Management of comorbid osteoarthritis: clinical recommendations for general practitioners. Doctor.Ru. 2017;(5):51–69. (In Russ.) Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29229025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Л.И., Таскина Е.А., Кашеварова Н.Г. Остеоартрит: эпидемиология, классификация, факторы риска и прогрессирования, клиника, диагностика, лечение. Современная ревматология. 2019;13(2):9–21. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2019-2-9-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva L.I., Taskina E.A., Kashevarova N.G. Osteoarthritis: epidemiology, classification, risk factors, and progression, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(2):9–21. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2019-2-9-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонова В.А. Остеоартроз – проблема полиморбидности. Consilium Medicum. 2009;(2):5–8. Режим доступа: http://www.fesmu.ru/elib/Article.aspx?id=202250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonova V.A. Osteoarthritis – the problem of polymorbidity. Consilium Medicum. 2009;(2):5–8. (In Russ.) Available at: http://fesmu.ru/elib/Article.aspx?id=202250.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красивина И.Г., Долгова Л.Н., Долгов Н.В. Стартовая терапия боли при гонартрозе у больных сахарным диабетом. Медицинский совет. 2020;(7):72–79. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-7-72-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasivina I.G., Dolgova L.N., Dolgov N.V. Start therapy of pain at gonarthrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020;(7):72–79. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-7-72-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ton J., Perry D., Thomas B., Allan G.M., Lindblad A.J., McCormack J. et al. PEER umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews: Management of osteoarthritis in primary care. Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(3):e89–e98. Available at: https://www.cfp.ca/content/66/3/e89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ton J., Perry D., Thomas B., Allan G.M., Lindblad A.J., McCormack J. et al. PEER umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews: Management of osteoarthritis in primary care. Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(3):e89– e98. Available at: https://www.cfp.ca/content/66/3/e89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власова Т.В., Шкарин В.В., Соловьева Е.В., Романова С.В., Макарова Т.Ю. Кардиоваскулярные и гастроинтестинальные связи: прогностическая значимость для коморбидного больного. Медицинский совет. 2017;(7):98–101. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-7-98-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasova T.V., Shkarin V.V., Solovieva E.V., Romanova S.V., Makarova T.Y. Caardiovascular and gastrointestinal communication: predictive value for comorbid patient. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2017;(7): 98–101. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-7-98-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng C., Wei J., Persson M.S.M., Sarmanova A. Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(10):642–650. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng C., Wei J., Persson M.S.M., Sarmanova A. Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(10):642–650. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акарачкова Е.С., Артеменко А.Р., Беляев А.А. , Блинов Д.В., Бугорский Е.В., Кадырова Л.Р. и др. Трудный выбор НПВП для терапии боли у мультиморбидных пациентов. РМЖ. 2020;(8):16–22. Режим доступа: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/nevrologiya/Trudnyy_vybor_NPVP_dlya_terapii_boli_u_mulytimorbidnyh_pacientov/#ixzz6qm1L8kOh.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akarachkova E.S., Artemenko A.R., Belyaev A.A., Blinov D.V. , Bugorkii E.V. , Kadyrova L.R. et al. Difficult choice of therapy with NSAIDs to relieve pain in multimorbid patients. RMZh = RMJ. 2020;(8):16– 22. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/nevrologiya/Trudnyy_vybor_NPVP_dlya_terapii_boli_u_mulytimorbidnyh_pacientov/#ixzz6qm1L8kOh.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайдукова И.З., Мазуров В.И. Топические нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты в лечении остеоартрита. Терапия. 2020;(8):186–190. doi: therapy.2020.8.186-190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaydukova I.Z., Mazurov V.I. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment of osteoarthritis. Terapiya = Therapy. 2020;(8): 186–190. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18565/therapy.2020.8.186-190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чичасова Н.В., Имаметдинова Г.Р., Лила А.М. Безопасная терапия остеоартрита: место топических нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов. Медицинский совет. 2020;(8):128–164. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-8-128-134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chichasova N.V., Imametdinova G.R., Lila A.M. Safe therapy of osteoarthritis: place of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020;(8):128–164. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-8-128-134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Healey E.L., Afolabi E.K., Lewis M., Edwards J.J., Jordan K.P., Finney A. et al. Uptake of the NICE osteoarthritis guidelines in primary care: a survey of older adults with joint pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):295. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2196-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Healey E.L., Afolabi E.K., Lewis M., Edwards J.J., Jordan K.P., Finney A. et al. Uptake of the NICE osteoarthritis guidelines in primary care: a survey of older adults with joint pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):295. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2196-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rafanan B.S. Jr., Valdecañas B.F., Lim B.P., Malairungsakul A., Tassanawipas W., Shiyi C. et al. Consensus recommendations for managing osteoarthritic pain with topical NSAIDs in Asia-Pacific. Pain Manag. 2018;8(2):115–128. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2017-0047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rafanan B.S. Jr., Valdecañas B.F., Lim B.P., Malairungsakul A., Tassanawipas W., Shiyi C. et al. Consensus recommendations for managing osteoarthritic pain with topical NSAIDs in Asia-Pacific. Pain Manag. 2018;8(2):115–128. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2017-0047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kroon F.P.B., Carmona L., Schoones J.W., Kloppenburg M. Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical treatment for hand osteoarthritis: a systematic literature review informing the 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis. RMD Open. 2018;4(2):e000734. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kroon F.P.B., Carmona L., Schoones J.W., Kloppenburg M. Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical treatment for hand osteoarthritis: a systematic literature review informing the 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis. RMD Open. 2018;4(2):e000734. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persson M.S.M., Stocks J., Varadi G., Hashempur M.H., van Middelkoop M., Bierma-Zeinstra S. et al. Predicting response to topical non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis: an individual patient data metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(9):2207–2216. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persson M.S.M., Stocks J., Varadi G., Hashempur M.H., van Middelkoop M., Bierma-Zeinstra S. et al. Predicting response to topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(9):2207–2216. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derry S., Conaghan P., Da Silva J.A., Wiffen P.J., Moore R.A. Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4(4):CD007400. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007400.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derry S., Conaghan P., Da Silva J.A., Wiffen P.J., Moore R.A. Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4(4):CD007400. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007400.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derry S., Wiffen P.J., Kalso E.A., Bell R.F., Aldington D., Phillips T. et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults – an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;5(5):CD008609. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008609.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derry S., Wiffen P.J., Kalso E.A., Bell R.F., Aldington D., Phillips T. et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults – an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;5(5):CD008609. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008609.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnett A.G., van der Pols J.C., Dobson A.J. Regression to the mean: what it is and how to deal with it. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34(1):215–220. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyh299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnett A.G., van der Pols J.C., Dobson A.J. Regression to the mean: what it is and how to deal with it. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34(1):215–220. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyh299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glymour M.M., Weuve J., Berkman L.F., Kawachi I., Robins J.M. When is baseline adjustment useful in analyses of change? An example with education and cognitive change. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(3):267–278. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glymour M.M., Weuve J., Berkman L.F., Kawachi I., Robins J.M. When is baseline adjustment useful in analyses of change? An example with education and cognitive change. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(3):267–278. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schedlowski M., Enck P., Rief W., Bingel U. Neuro-Bio-Behavioral Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Responses: Implications for Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice. Pharmacol Rev. 2015;67(3):697–730. doi: 10.1124/pr.114.009423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schedlowski M., Enck P., Rief W., Bingel U. Neuro-Bio-Behavioral Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Responses: Implications for Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice. Pharmacol Rev. 2015;67(3):697– 730. doi: 10.1124/pr.114.009423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bariguian Revel F., Fayet M., Hagen M. Topical Diclofenac, an Efficacious Treatment for Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Rheumatol Ther. 2020;7(2):217–236. doi: 10.1007/s40744-020-00196-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bariguian Revel F., Fayet M., Hagen M. Topical Diclofenac, an Efficacious Treatment for Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Rheumatol Ther. 2020;7(2):217–236. doi: 10.1007/s40744-020-00196-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng C., Wei J., Persson M.S.M., Sarmanova A., Doherty M., Xie D., Wang Y. et al. Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(10):642–650. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng C., Wei J., Persson M.S.M., Sarmanova A., Doherty M., Xie D., Wang Y. et al. Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(10):642–650. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кумячёва Н.А., Вышемирская Е.В. Анализ результатов анкетирования посетителей аптек с целью получения информации об удовлетворенности ассортиментом нестероидных противовоспалительных средств для наружного применения. В: Актуальные вопросы и перспективы развития науки и образования. Минск, Беларусь, 27 ноября 2020 года. Нефтекамск: Мир науки; 2020. С. 153–156. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44320898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumyachyova N.A., Vyshemirskaya E.V. Analysis of data of a questionnaire survey of pharmacy visitors to obtain information on satisfaction with the range of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Topical issues and prospects for the development of science and education. Minsk, Belarus, November 27, 2020. Neftekamsk: Mir nauki; 2020, pp. 153–156. (In Russ.) Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44320898.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deveza L.A., Robbins S.R., Duong V., Bennell K.L., Vicenzino B., Hodges P.W. et al. Efficacy of a Combination of Conservative Therapies vs an Education Comparator on Clinical Outcomes in Thumb Base Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(4):429–438. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.7101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deveza L.A., Robbins S.R., Duong V., Bennell K.L., Vicenzino B., Hodges P.W. et al. Efficacy of a Combination of Conservative Therapies vs an Education Comparator on Clinical Outcomes in Thumb Base Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(4):429–438. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.7101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X., Robbins S., Eyles J., Fedorova T., Virk S., Deveza L.A. et al. Efficacy and safety of a supplement combination for hand osteoarthritis pain: protocol for an internet-based randomised placebo-controlled trial (The RADIANT study). BMJ Open. 2020;10(2):e035672. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X., Robbins S., Eyles J., Fedorova T., Virk S., Deveza L.A. et al. Efficacy and safety of a supplement combination for hand osteoarthritis pain: protocol for an internet-based randomised placebo-controlled trial (The RADIANT study). BMJ Open. 2020;10(2):e035672. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X., Robbins S., Eyles J., Fedorova T., Virk S., Deveza L.A. et al. Efficacy and safety of a supplement combination on hand pain among people with symptomatic hand osteoarthritis an internet-based, randomised clinical trial the RADIANT study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021;(February 18). (In press) doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.01.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X., Robbins S., Eyles J., Fedorova T., Virk S., Deveza L.A. et al. Efficacy and safety of a supplement combination on hand pain among people with symptomatic hand osteoarthritis an internet-based, randomised clinical trial the RADIANT study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021;(February 18). (In press) doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.01.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drago S., Imboden R., Schlatter P., Buylaert M., Krähenbühl S., Drewe J. Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Etofenamate and Diclofenac in Healthy Volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017;121(5):423–429. doi: 0.1111/bcpt.12818.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drago S., Imboden R., Schlatter P., Buylaert M., Krähenbühl S., Drewe J. Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Etofenamate and Diclofenac in Healthy Volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017;121(5):423– 429. doi: 0.1111/bcpt.12818.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peniston J.H., Gold M.S., Wieman M.S., Alwine L.K. Long-term tolerability of topical diclofenac sodium 1% gel for osteoarthritis in seniors and patients with comorbidities. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:517–523. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S35416.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peniston J.H., Gold M.S., Wieman M.S., Alwine L.K. Long-term tolerability of topical diclofenac sodium 1% gel for osteoarthritis in seniors and patients with comorbidities. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:517–523. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S35416.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Имаметдинова Г.Р., Иголкина Е.В. Топические формы диклофенака в лечении заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата. Медицинский совет. 2018;(12):98–104. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2018-12-98-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Imametdinova G.R., Igolkina E.V. Topical diclofenac for the treatment of the musculoskeletal diseases. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2018;(12):98–104. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2018-12-98-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alfaro R.A., Davis D.D. Diclofenac. 2020. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32491802/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfaro R.A., Davis D.D. Diclofenac. 2020. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32491802/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pradal J., Vallet C.M., Frappin G., Bariguian F., Lombardi M.S. Importance of the formulation in the skin delivery of topical diclofenac: not all topical diclofenac formulations are the same. J Pain Res. 2019;12:1149–1154. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S191300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pradal J., Vallet C.M., Frappin G., Bariguian F., Lombardi M.S. Importance of the formulation in the skin delivery of topical diclofenac: not all topical diclofenac formulations are the same. J Pain Res. 2019;12:1149–1154. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S191300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Е.С., Шерстюк Р.А., Молдавер Б.Л. Анализ составов лекарственных препаратов с диклофенаком натрия для местного применения. Ремедиум. 2011;(10):43–47. Режим доступа: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17030495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova E.S., Sherstyuk R.A., Moldaver B.L. Analysis of composition of drugs for external use containing diclofenac sodium. Remedium. 2011;(10):43–47. (In Russ.) Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17030495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ajazuddin, Alexander A., Khichariya A., Gupta S., Patel R.J., Giri T.K., Tripathi D.K. Recent expansions in an emergent novel drug delivery technology: Emulgel. J Control Release. 2013;171(2):122–132. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajazuddin, Alexander A., Khichariya A., Gupta S., Patel R.J., Giri T.K., Tripathi D.K. Recent expansions in an emergent novel drug delivery technology: Emulgel. J Control Release. 2013;171(2):122–132. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massey T., Derry S., Moore R.A., McQuay H.J. Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(6):CD007402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massey T., Derry S., Moore R.A., McQuay H.J. Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(6):CD007402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seefried L., Blyth M., Maheshwari R., McDonnell S.M., Frappin G., Hagen M. et al. Penetration of topical diclofenac into synovial tissue and fluid of osteoarthritic knees: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmacokinetic study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020;12:1–13. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20943088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seefried L., Blyth M., Maheshwari R., McDonnell S.M., Frappin G., Hagen M. et al. Penetration of topical diclofenac into synovial tissue and fluid of osteoarthritic knees: a multicenter, randomized, placebocontrolled, pharmacokinetic study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020;12:1–13. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20943088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
