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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2021-6-120-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-6173</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Деконгестанты в лечении назальной обструкции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nasal decongestants in the treatment of nasal obstruction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-1188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитин Константин Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры оториноларингологии с клиникой, профессор кафедры общей врачебной практики (семейной медицины)</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Nikitin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of ENT Department, Professor at the Department of General Medical Practice (Family Medicine)</p><p>6–8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitinanin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-3833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранская</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranskaya</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранская Светлана Валерьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-оториноларинголог, оториноларингологического отделения научно-исследовательского института хирургии и неотложной медицины, младший научный сотрудник оториноларингологического отдела хирургии и неотложной медицины, ассистент кафедры общей врачебной практики (семейной медицины)</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Baranskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Otorhinolaryngologist of ENT Department Research Institute of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Junior researcher otorhinolaryngological Department Research Institute of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Associate Professor at the Department of General Medical Practice (Family Medicine)</p><p>6–8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sv-v-b@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин К.А., Баранская С.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин К.А., Баранская С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin K.A., Baranskaya S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6173">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/6173</self-uri><abstract><p>Заложенность носа является одним из самых распространенных симптомов простуды и ринита, обусловленная воспалительной реакцией, вазодилатацией, повышенным назальным кровотоком и проницаемостью сосудов. Назальная обструкция часто является многофакторной проблемой, помимо инфекционных причин может быть вызвана сочетанием анатомических аберраций, отеком слизистой оболочки полости носа и увеличением носовых раковин. Анатомические и структурные проблемы, такие как девиация перегородки носа и коллапс носового клапана, обычно решаются хирургическим путем. Медикаментозная терапия носовой непроходимости направлена на уменьшение отека и воспаления слизистой оболочки полости носа. Фармакотерапия носовой непроходимости направлена на уменьшение воспаления и/или отека слизистой оболочки. С целью облегчения симптомов широко назначают деконгестанты. Используемые препараты имеют различные механизмы действия и включают в себя системные и  местные препараты. В  данной статье рассматриваются деконгестанты в  качестве метода лечения назальной обструкции. При местном применении препараты этой группы действует непосредственно на α2- и α1-адренергические рецепторы полости носа, вызывая сужение сосудов, уменьшение объема носовой раковины, повышение проходимости носа, купируя симптомы обструкции. Существующий риск развития побочных как системных, так и местных эффектов снижается при топическом воздействии и правильном дозировании применяемого средства. Предпочтительно использование лекарственных веществ с низкой биодоступностью. Подавление мерцательного эпителия может быть обусловлено не только патологическим процессом, но и составом лекарственных препаратов. Значение отдается кислотности буферной системы. Оптимальным значением pH интраназальных средств является показатель около 6 (нейтральный диапазон). Комбинация с антихолинэстеразными веществами снижает выработку патологического отделяемого. Использование поликомпонентных лекарственных средств позволяет восстановить носовое дыхание и подавить избыточную назальную секрецию. Одним из эффективных и безопасных препаратов топического действия является ксилометазолин в качестве монокомпонентного средства или в сочетании с ипратропия бромидом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nasal congestion is one of the most common symptoms of common colds and rhinitis, due to an inflammatory reaction, vasodilation, increased nasal blood flow and vascular permeability. Nasal obstruction is often a multifactorial problem, in addition to infectious causes, it can be caused by a combination of anatomical aberrations, swelling of the nasal mucosa and enlargement of the turbinates. Anatomical and structural problems, such as nasal septum deviation and nasal valve collapse, are usually treated surgically. Drug therapy of nasal obstruction is aimed at reducing edema and inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Pharmacotherapy of nasal obstruction is aimed at reducing inflammation and/or swelling of the mucous membrane. Decongestants are widely prescribed to relieve symptoms. The drugs used have different mechanisms of action and include systemic and topical drugs. This article discusses decongestants as a treatment for nasal obstruction. When applied topically, the drugs of this group act directly on the α2 and α1-adrenergic receptors of the nasal cavity, causing vasoconstriction, a decrease in the volume of the nasal conch, an increase in nasal patency, and relieving the symptoms of obstruction. The existing risk of developing side effects, both systemic and local, is reduced with atopic exposure and proper dosing of the drug used. Preferably, the use of drugs with low bioavailability. The suppression of the ciliated epithelium can be caused not only by the pathological process, but also by the composition of drugs. The value is given to the acidity of the buffer system. The optimal pH value of intranasal agents is about 6 (neutral range). The combination with anticholinesterase substances reduces the production of pathological discharge. The use of multi-component medicines allows you to restore nasal breathing and suppress excessive nasal secretion. One of the effective and safe drugs of topical action is Xylometazoline, as a monocomponent agent or in combination with ipratropium bromide.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ринит</kwd><kwd>назальная обструкция</kwd><kwd>деконгестанты</kwd><kwd>сосудосуживающие препараты</kwd><kwd>ксилометазолин</kwd><kwd>ипратропия бромид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rhinitis</kwd><kwd>nasal obstrucrion</kwd><kwd>nasal decongestants</kwd><kwd>vasoconstrictive agents</kwd><kwd>Xylometazoline</kwd><kwd>ipratropium bromide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mösges R., Shah-Hosseini K., Hucke H.P., Joisten M.J. 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